No backends were found. Please make sure you have a backend module on your CLASSPATH.

[kekekeke8]

👓 What did you see?

Testing started at 11:37 ...
10月 19, 2024 11:37:17 上午 cucumber.api.cli.Main run
警告: You are using deprecated Main class. Please use io.cucumber.core.cli.Main
10月 19, 2024 11:37:18 上午 io.cucumber.core.runtime.CucumberExecutionContext getRunner
严重: Unable to start Cucumber
io.cucumber.core.exception.CucumberException: No backends were found. Please make sure you have a backend module on your CLASSPATH.
at io.cucumber.core.runtime.BackendServiceLoader.get(BackendServiceLoader.java:39)
at io.cucumber.core.runtime.BackendServiceLoader.get(BackendServiceLoader.java:33)
at io.cucumber.core.runtime.SingletonRunnerSupplier.createRunner(SingletonRunnerSupplier.java:45)
at io.cucumber.core.runtime.SingletonRunnerSupplier.get(SingletonRunnerSupplier.java:37)
at io.cucumber.core.runtime.CucumberExecutionContext.getRunner(CucumberExecutionContext.java:128)
at io.cucumber.core.runtime.CucumberExecutionContext.runTestCase(CucumberExecutionContext.java:115)
at io.cucumber.core.runtime.Runtime.lambda$execute$6(Runtime.java:110)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:539)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:264)
at io.cucumber.core.runtime.Runtime$SameThreadExecutorService.execute(Runtime.java:233)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(AbstractExecutorService.java:123)
at io.cucumber.core.runtime.Runtime.lambda$run$2(Runtime.java:86)
at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:197)
at java.base/java.util.stream.SliceOps$1$1.accept(SliceOps.java:200)
at java.base/java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.tryAdvance(ArrayList.java:1602)
at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.forEachWithCancel(ReferencePipeline.java:129)
at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyIntoWithCancel(AbstractPipeline.java:527)
at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:513)
at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:499)
at java.base/java.util.stream.ReduceOps$ReduceOp.evaluateSequential(ReduceOps.java:921)
at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234)
at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.collect(ReferencePipeline.java:682)
at io.cucumber.core.runtime.Runtime.run(Runtime.java:87)
at io.cucumber.core.cli.Main.run(Main.java:92)
at cucumber.api.cli.Main.run(Main.java:30)
at cucumber.api.cli.Main.main(Main.java:15)

10月 19, 2024 11:37:18 上午 io.cucumber.core.runtime.Runtime run
严重: Exception while executing pickle
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: io.cucumber.core.exception.CucumberException: No backends were found. Please make sure you have a backend module on your CLASSPATH.
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(FutureTask.java:122)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:191)
at io.cucumber.core.runtime.Runtime.run(Runtime.java:93)
at io.cucumber.core.cli.Main.run(Main.java:92)
at cucumber.api.cli.Main.run(Main.java:30)
at cucumber.api.cli.Main.main(Main.java:15)
Caused by: io.cucumber.core.exception.CucumberException: No backends were found. Please make sure you have a backend module on your CLASSPATH.
at io.cucumber.core.runtime.BackendServiceLoader.get(BackendServiceLoader.java:39)
at io.cucumber.core.runtime.BackendServiceLoader.get(BackendServiceLoader.java:33)
at io.cucumber.core.runtime.SingletonRunnerSupplier.createRunner(SingletonRunnerSupplier.java:45)
at io.cucumber.core.runtime.SingletonRunnerSupplier.get(SingletonRunnerSupplier.java:37)
at io.cucumber.core.runtime.CucumberExecutionContext.getRunner(CucumberExecutionContext.java:128)
at io.cucumber.core.runtime.CucumberExecutionContext.runTestCase(CucumberExecutionContext.java:115)
at io.cucumber.core.runtime.Runtime.lambda$execute$6(Runtime.java:110)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:539)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:264)
at io.cucumber.core.runtime.Runtime$SameThreadExecutorService.execute(Runtime.java:233)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(AbstractExecutorService.java:123)
at io.cucumber.core.runtime.Runtime.lambda$run$2(Runtime.java:86)
at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:197)
at java.base/java.util.stream.SliceOps$1$1.accept(SliceOps.java:200)
at java.base/java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.tryAdvance(ArrayList.java:1602)
at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.forEachWithCancel(ReferencePipeline.java:129)
at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyIntoWithCancel(AbstractPipeline.java:527)
at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:513)
at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:499)
at java.base/java.util.stream.ReduceOps$ReduceOp.evaluateSequential(ReduceOps.java:921)
at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234)
at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.collect(ReferencePipeline.java:682)
at io.cucumber.core.runtime.Runtime.run(Runtime.java:87)
... 3 more

0 Scenarios
0 Steps
0m0.242s

┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Share your Cucumber Report with your team at https://reports.cucumber.io │
│ Activate publishing with one of the following: │
│ │
│ src/test/resources/cucumber.properties: cucumber.publish.enabled=true │
│ src/test/resources/junit-platform.properties: cucumber.publish.enabled=true │
│ Environment variable: CUCUMBER_PUBLISH_ENABLED=true │
│ JUnit: @CucumberOptions(publish = true) │
│ │
│ More information at https://cucumber.io/docs/cucumber/environment-variables/ │
│ │
│ Disable this message with one of the following: │
│ │
│ src/test/resources/cucumber.properties: cucumber.publish.quiet=true │
│ src/test/resources/junit-platform.properties: cucumber.publish.quiet=true │
└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Exception in thread "main" io.cucumber.core.exception.CucumberException: io.cucumber.core.exception.CucumberException: No backends were found. Please make sure you have a backend module on your CLASSPATH.
at io.cucumber.core.runtime.CucumberExecutionContext.getException(CucumberExecutionContext.java:82)
at io.cucumber.core.runtime.Runtime.run(Runtime.java:103)
at io.cucumber.core.cli.Main.run(Main.java:92)
at cucumber.api.cli.Main.run(Main.java:30)
at cucumber.api.cli.Main.main(Main.java:15)
Caused by: io.cucumber.core.exception.CucumberException: No backends were found. Please make sure you have a backend module on your CLASSPATH.
at io.cucumber.core.runtime.BackendServiceLoader.get(BackendServiceLoader.java:39)
at io.cucumber.core.runtime.BackendServiceLoader.get(BackendServiceLoader.java:33)
at io.cucumber.core.runtime.SingletonRunnerSupplier.createRunner(SingletonRunnerSupplier.java:45)
at io.cucumber.core.runtime.SingletonRunnerSupplier.get(SingletonRunnerSupplier.java:37)
at io.cucumber.core.runtime.CucumberExecutionContext.getRunner(CucumberExecutionContext.java:128)
at io.cucumber.core.runtime.CucumberExecutionContext.runTestCase(CucumberExecutionContext.java:115)
at io.cucumber.core.runtime.Runtime.lambda$execute$6(Runtime.java:110)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:539)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:264)
at io.cucumber.core.runtime.Runtime$SameThreadExecutorService.execute(Runtime.java:233)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(AbstractExecutorService.java:123)
at io.cucumber.core.runtime.Runtime.lambda$run$2(Runtime.java:86)
at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:197)
at java.base/java.util.stream.SliceOps$1$1.accept(SliceOps.java:200)
at java.base/java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.tryAdvance(ArrayList.java:1602)
at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.forEachWithCancel(ReferencePipeline.java:129)
at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyIntoWithCancel(AbstractPipeline.java:527)
at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:513)
at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:499)
at java.base/java.util.stream.ReduceOps$ReduceOp.evaluateSequential(ReduceOps.java:921)
at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234)
at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.collect(ReferencePipeline.java:682)
at io.cucumber.core.runtime.Runtime.run(Runtime.java:87)
... 3 more

Process finished with exit code 1

✅ What did you expect to see?

an example case can run correctly.

📦 Which tool/library version are you using?

4.0.0

<groupId>automation-panda</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-jvm-java-example</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.7.0</version>
            <configuration>
                <source>1.8</source>
                <target>1.8</target>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

<dependencies>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
        <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
        <version>4.25.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.assertj</groupId>
        <artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
        <version> 3.8.0</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>


    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
        <artifactId>cucumber-junit</artifactId>
        <version>6.11.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
        <artifactId>cucumber-java</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.0</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
        <artifactId>cucumber-junit</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.0</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

🔬 How could we reproduce it?

No response

📚 Any additional context?

No response

[mpkorstanje]

It looks like you are following a tutorial that uses an ancient version of Cucumber. And I guess you have tried to fix it by adding a more recent but still out of date module. That will not work, Cucumber expects all modules to have the same version.

To get started either use the skeleton project or follow the 10 minute tutorial.

• https://github.com/cucumber/cucumber-java-skeleton
• https://cucumber.io/docs/guides/10-minute-tutorial/?lang=java