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LANGUAGE.md

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General

Example syntax

+ 1 1
>> 2

+ (* 5 5) (+ 2 3)
>> 30

Types

Number

Integer represented in signed 64 bit integer.

1

(Max value is −9,223,372,036,854,775,807, +9,223,372,036,854,775,807)

Decimal

A 64 bit floating point in the IEEE 754 double precision floating point format.

1.1

Function

(fn '(arg1 arg2) '(+ arg1 arg2))

Symbol

Pointer to a value, used in quoted expressions.

'(symbol1 symbol2)

Keyword

Symbolic identifiers that evaluates to themselves

:symbol
>> :symbol

Builtin

Functions that are built into the evaluator

(join 1 2 3)

(type join)
>> "Builtin"

String

"hello"

(type "hello")
>> "String"

S-Expressions

Represents tree data structure.

(fn (1 2 3))

Q-Expressions

Represents unevaluated (quoted) expressions

'(fn (1 2 3))'

HashMap

hashmap

Are constructed using {}

(hashmap '(:key 1))

Can also be constructed with the function hash-map

(hashmap '(:key 1))

key

(key hashmap :key)

assoc

Add key to hashmap

(assoc hashmap :key)

dissoc

Remove key from hashmap

(dissoc hashmap :key)

Globals

def

Set global variables

(def :x 1)
x
>> 1

(def '(x y z) '(1 2 3))
z
>> 3

defl

Set local variables

(defl :x 1)
x
>> 1

(defl '(x y z) '(1 2 3))
z
>> 3

let

Bind variables and evaluate expressions in a local context

(let '(firstname lastname) '("tom" "waits")
    '(concat firstname " " lastname))

Conditionals

If

(if (== 1 1) '(+ 1 1) '(+ 2 2))
>> 4

cond

Evaluates pairs with test and value, if test is true the value are returned. From standard library.

(cond
    '((== x 0) "zero")
    '((== x 1) "one")
    '(true "other"))

Lists

list

head

tail

join

eval

any

Returns true if any of the elements match predicate. From the standard library.

(any not '(0 0))

all

Returns true if all elements match predicate. From the standard library.

(all not '(0 0))

empty?

Returns true if list is empty

(empty? '())

list?

Returns true if data is lis type. (Standard library)

(list? (list 1 2))

flatten

Converts multi-dimensional lists to a one-dimensional one. (Standard library)

(flatten '(1 2) '(3 4))

Functions

defn

Creates function and adds it to the global scope

(defn :plus-two '(x) '(+ 2 x))
(plus-two 2)
>> 4

fn

Creates a lambda function

(defl '(plus-two) (fn '(x) '(+ 2 x)))
(plus-two 2)
>> 4

Variadic function

(defn '(show-all) '(&rest rest) '(print rest))
(show-all 1 2 3)
>> '(1 2 3)

always

Creates a function that always returns the same value. (Standard library)

((always 1) 2)
>> 1

->

Allows you to pipe a value through functions

(-> {:name "Bob"}
  (curryassoc :age 4)
  (curryassoc :type "dog"))
>> {:name "Bob" :age 4 :type "dog"}

Strings

str

Cast value to a string

(str 1)
>> "1"
(str "hi")
>> "hi"
(str list)
>> ""

concat

(concat "hello " "John" " " "McCarthy")
>> "hello John McCarthy"

str-split

Transforms string into a list of chars

(str-split "scott walker")
>> '("s" "c" "o" "t" "t" " " "w" "a" "l" "k" "e" "r")

str-join

Convert a list of values to a string. (From the standard library).

(str-join '("s" "c" "o" "t" "t")'
>> "scott"

lower-case

Convert string to lowercase

(lower-case "HELLO WORLD")
>> "hello world"

upper-case

Convert string to uppercase

(upper-case "hello world")
>> "HELLO WORLD"

Macros

`(list 1 2 3)
>>> {1 2 3}

Operator table

Operator Binary Unary
+ Addition
/ Division
- Subtraction Arithmetic negation
% Modulo
^ Exponent
min Min value
max Max value
== Equality
!= Inequality
< Less than
> Greater than
<= Less or eqal than
>= Greater or eqal than
and Logical and
or Logical or
not Logical negation

These operators are called like this

(+ 1 1 1)
(/ 10 2)
(- 5 2)
(% 5 2)
(^ 10 3)
(min 1 100)
(max 200 1000)
(== 1 1)
(!= 1 0)
(< 1 10)
(<= 10 10)
(> 2 1)
(>= 2 2)
(and (== 1 1) 1 (> 3 2))
(or (== 1 0) (== 2 2))
(not 0)

System

load

Loads and evaluates external code.

(load "standard.ilisp")
>> ()

exit

Exits the prompt.

exit ()

print

type