diff --git a/lmdeploy/vl/model/internvl.py b/lmdeploy/vl/model/internvl.py
index 77b5dde0c1..ea0bac5cbe 100644
--- a/lmdeploy/vl/model/internvl.py
+++ b/lmdeploy/vl/model/internvl.py
@@ -106,15 +106,26 @@ def build_model(self):
                 no_split_module_classes=['InternVisionEncoderLayer'],
                 dtype=torch.half)
 
-        self.model = model
+        # We need eval mode to freeze the weights in model, thus,
+        # avoid randomness in inference.
+        self.model = model.eval()
         self.config = config
 
         if getattr(self.config, 'dynamic_image_size', False):
             logger.info('using InternVL-Chat-V1-5 vision preprocess')
-            MEAN = (123.675, 116.28, 103.53)
-            STD = (58.395, 57.12, 57.375)
+            MEAN = (0.485, 0.456, 0.406)
+            STD = (0.229, 0.224, 0.225)
             import torchvision.transforms as T
-            self.transform = T.Compose([T.Normalize(mean=MEAN, std=STD)])
+            from torchvision.transforms.functional import InterpolationMode
+            input_size = self.config.vision_config.image_size
+            self.transform = T.Compose([
+                T.Lambda(lambda img: img.convert('RGB')
+                         if img.mode != 'RGB' else img),
+                T.Resize((input_size, input_size),
+                         interpolation=InterpolationMode.BICUBIC),
+                T.ToTensor(),
+                T.Normalize(mean=MEAN, std=STD)
+            ])
             self._forward_func = self._forward_v1_5
         else:
             self.image_processor = CLIPImageProcessor.from_pretrained(
@@ -123,7 +134,6 @@ def build_model(self):
 
     def _preprocess_v1_5(self, images: List[Image]):
         outputs = []
-        import torchvision.transforms.functional as F
         for image in images:
             out = dynamic_preprocess(
                 image,
@@ -131,7 +141,7 @@ def _preprocess_v1_5(self, images: List[Image]):
                 max_num=self.config.max_dynamic_patch,
                 image_size=self.config.vision_config.image_size,
                 use_thumbnail=self.config.use_thumbnail)
-            out = [F.pil_to_tensor(x).half() for x in out]
+            out = [self.transform(x) for x in out]
             out = torch.stack(out)  # (patch) x c x h x w
             outputs.append(out)
         return outputs
@@ -142,7 +152,6 @@ def _forward_v1_5(self, images: List[Image]):
         split = [x.shape[0] for x in outputs]
         outputs = torch.cat(outputs, dim=0)
         outputs = outputs.to(self.model.device, dtype=torch.float16)
-        outputs = self.transform(outputs)
         outputs = self.model.extract_feature(outputs)
         outputs = torch.split(outputs, split, dim=0)
         outputs = [x.reshape(-1, x.shape[-1]) for x in outputs]
diff --git a/lmdeploy/vl/model/internvl_llava.py b/lmdeploy/vl/model/internvl_llava.py
index dd017327ef..4f11578d88 100644
--- a/lmdeploy/vl/model/internvl_llava.py
+++ b/lmdeploy/vl/model/internvl_llava.py
@@ -127,9 +127,9 @@ def build_model(self):
                 no_split_module_classes=['InternVisionEncoderLayer'],
                 dtype=torch.half)
 
-        self.model = model.model
-        self.vision_tower = model.model.vision_tower
-        self.mm_projector = model.model.mm_projector
+        self.model = model.model.eval()
+        self.vision_tower = model.model.vision_tower.eval()
+        self.mm_projector = model.model.mm_projector.eval()
 
     def encode_images(self, images: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
         """encode images."""
diff --git a/lmdeploy/vl/model/llava.py b/lmdeploy/vl/model/llava.py
index 90a00ddf15..7b70288d43 100644
--- a/lmdeploy/vl/model/llava.py
+++ b/lmdeploy/vl/model/llava.py
@@ -124,9 +124,9 @@ def build_model(self):
                 no_split_module_classes=['CLIPEncoderLayer'],
                 dtype=torch.half)
 
-        self.model = model.model
-        self.vision_tower = model.model.vision_tower.half()
-        self.mm_projector = model.model.mm_projector.half()
+        self.model = model.model.eval()
+        self.vision_tower = model.model.vision_tower.half().eval()
+        self.mm_projector = model.model.mm_projector.half().eval()
 
     def encode_images(self, images: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
         """encode images."""
diff --git a/lmdeploy/vl/model/minicpmv.py b/lmdeploy/vl/model/minicpmv.py
index 8aadb5e618..ba641d243a 100644
--- a/lmdeploy/vl/model/minicpmv.py
+++ b/lmdeploy/vl/model/minicpmv.py
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ def build_model(self):
         model.resampler.pos_embed = model.resampler.pos_embed.to(
             device=model.resampler.proj.device)
         self.config = config
-        self.model = model
+        self.model = model.eval()
 
         if hasattr(config, 'vision_config'):
             self._forward_func = self._forward_v2_5
diff --git a/lmdeploy/vl/model/qwen.py b/lmdeploy/vl/model/qwen.py
index 40e73c2ef7..64a4c19915 100644
--- a/lmdeploy/vl/model/qwen.py
+++ b/lmdeploy/vl/model/qwen.py
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def build_model(self):
                 no_split_module_classes=['VisualAttentionBlock'],
                 dtype=torch.half)
 
-        self.model = model.transformer.visual
+        self.model = model.transformer.visual.eval()
 
     @torch.no_grad()
     def forward(self, images: List[Image]) -> List[torch.Tensor]:
diff --git a/lmdeploy/vl/model/xcomposer2.py b/lmdeploy/vl/model/xcomposer2.py
index 4ab2d9613f..e4f5a0f7bb 100644
--- a/lmdeploy/vl/model/xcomposer2.py
+++ b/lmdeploy/vl/model/xcomposer2.py
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ def build_model(self):
                 device_map['plora_glb_GN'], lambda x:
                 (x[0].to(device=device_map['plora_glb_GN']), ))
 
-        self.model = model
+        self.model = model.eval()
 
     def _forward_7b(self, images: List[Image]) -> List[torch.Tensor]:
         """internlm-xcomposer2-7b vit forward."""
diff --git a/lmdeploy/vl/templates.py b/lmdeploy/vl/templates.py
index 23f6d5c027..c1198908ba 100644
--- a/lmdeploy/vl/templates.py
+++ b/lmdeploy/vl/templates.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 from typing import Dict, List, Tuple, Union
 
 import PIL
+import PIL.Image
 
 from lmdeploy.model import BaseModel
 from lmdeploy.utils import get_hf_config_content, get_logger
@@ -38,15 +39,29 @@ def prompt_to_messages(self, prompt: VLPromptType):
                 images = [images]
             messages['content'][0]['text'] = prompt
             for image in images:
+                # 'image_url': means url or local path to image.
+                # 'image_data': means PIL.Image.Image object.
                 if isinstance(image, str):
                     image = load_image(image)
-                image_base64_data = encode_image_base64(image)
-                item = {
-                    'type': 'image_url',
-                    'image_url': {
-                        'url': f'data:image/jpeg;base64,{image_base64_data}'
+                    image_base64_data = encode_image_base64(image)
+                    item = {
+                        'type': 'image_url',
+                        'image_url': {
+                            'url':
+                            f'data:image/jpeg;base64,{image_base64_data}'
+                        }
                     }
-                }
+                elif isinstance(image, PIL.Image.Image):
+                    item = {
+                        'type': 'image_data',
+                        'image_data': {
+                            'data': image
+                        }
+                    }
+                else:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        'image should be a str(url/path) or PIL.Image.Image')
+
                 messages['content'].append(item)
 
         return [messages]
@@ -61,14 +76,18 @@ async def async_collect_pil_images(
             if role != 'user' or isinstance(content, str):
                 continue
             for item in content:
-                if item['type'] != 'image_url':
-                    continue
-                url = item['image_url']['url']
-                images.append(url)
+                # 'image_url': means url or local path to image.
+                # 'image_data': means PIL.Image.Image object.
+                if item['type'] == 'image_url':
+                    url = item['image_url']['url']
+                    images.append(url)
+                elif item['type'] == 'image_data':
+                    data = item['image_data']['data']
+                    images.append(data)
 
         def _inner_call(i, images):
-            url = images[i]
-            images[i] = load_image(url)
+            url_or_data = images[i]
+            images[i] = load_image(url_or_data)
 
         await asyncio.gather(*[
             asyncio.get_event_loop().run_in_executor(
@@ -95,8 +114,12 @@ def convert_messages(self, messages, sequence_start=True):
                 continue
             num_images = 0
             for item in content:
+                # 'image_url': means url or local path to image.
+                # 'image_data': means PIL.Image.Image object.
                 if item['type'] == 'image_url':
                     num_images += 1
+                elif item['type'] == 'image_data':
+                    num_images += 1
                 elif item['type'] == 'text':
                     prompt = item['text']
             # if IMAGE_TOKEN in user prompt, use user custom prompt instead
diff --git a/lmdeploy/vl/utils.py b/lmdeploy/vl/utils.py
index faa762cc4d..a89cfc7a30 100644
--- a/lmdeploy/vl/utils.py
+++ b/lmdeploy/vl/utils.py
@@ -20,8 +20,10 @@ def load_image_from_base64(image: Union[bytes, str]) -> Image.Image:
     return Image.open(BytesIO(base64.b64decode(image)))
 
 
-def load_image(image_url: str) -> Image.Image:
+def load_image(image_url: Union[str, Image.Image]) -> Image.Image:
     """load image from url, local path or openai GPT4V."""
+    if isinstance(image_url, Image.Image):
+        return image_url
 
     FETCH_TIMEOUT = int(os.environ.get('LMDEPLOY_FETCH_TIMEOUT', 10))
     headers = {
@@ -40,6 +42,7 @@ def load_image(image_url: str) -> Image.Image:
     elif image_url.startswith('data:image'):
         img = load_image_from_base64(image_url.split(',')[1])
     else:
+        # Load image from local path
         img = Image.open(image_url)
 
     return img