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<h2 id="一、quartz中定时任务的分类"><a href="#一、quartz中定时任务的分类" class="headerlink" title="一、quartz中定时任务的分类"></a>一、quartz中定时任务的分类</h2><p>quartz中按任务存储的方式划分，可将定时任务分为两类：<strong>存储在内存中的</strong>、<strong>持久化到数据库中的</strong>。</p>
<ul>
<li>存储在内存中的定时任务如果在应用中重启之后将会丢失，但实现起来较方便。</li>
<li>持久化到数据库中的定时任务在应用重启之后不会丢失，但需要在DB中建立数据表，可以通过配置的方式将任务持久化到数据表中，应用重启之后可以再次启动。</li>
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<h2 id="二、在spring中使用quartz添加定时任务"><a href="#二、在spring中使用quartz添加定时任务" class="headerlink" title="二、在spring中使用quartz添加定时任务"></a>二、在spring中使用quartz添加定时任务</h2><p>spring中集成了quartz，可以通过容器来获取定时任务的相关组件来设置定时任务。这里简单演示如何添加存储在内存中的定时任务。</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">addJob</span><span class="params">(String message)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> SchedulerException, ParseException </span>{</div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">// step1.构建CronExpression</span></div><div class="line"> String cronExpression = CronUtil.getCron(<span class="keyword">new</span> Date(), JOB_DELAY_MILLISECOND);</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">// step2.构建cronTrigger</span></div><div class="line"> CronTriggerImpl cronTrigger = <span class="keyword">new</span> CronTriggerImpl();</div><div class="line"> TriggerKey triggerKey = <span class="keyword">new</span> TriggerKey(message);</div><div class="line"> cronTrigger.setCronExpression(cronExpression);</div><div class="line"> cronTrigger.setName(message);</div><div class="line"> cronTrigger.setKey(triggerKey);</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">// step3.构建jobDetail</span></div><div class="line"> JobDetailImpl jobDetail = (JobDetailImpl) jobDetailFactoryBean.getObject();</div><div class="line"> JobKey jobKey = <span class="keyword">new</span> JobKey(message);</div><div class="line"> jobDetail.setName(message);</div><div class="line"> jobDetail.setKey(jobKey);</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">// step4.设置定时任务</span></div><div class="line"> scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, cronTrigger);</div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="三、应该注意什么"><a href="#三、应该注意什么" class="headerlink" title="三、应该注意什么"></a>三、应该注意什么</h2><p>注意👆上面代码的第10、17行都分别设置了trigger和jobDetail的key，分别为它们的内部属性，因为该key是quartz中用来全局标识每一个jobDetail以及trigger的（可以当做FQN看待）。<br>对于jobDetail，在<strong>单线程</strong>情况下，如果不在这里显示设置/初始化key，那么quartz在存储该定时任务时也会初始化该属性，并不出产生任何问题。</p>
<p>但是在<strong>多线程并发访问</strong>情况下，如果不在添加定时任务之前显示设置/初始化key属性，由于quartz中存储jobDetail和trigger的方法并不是方法级别的同步，而是在方法内部同步一部分代码，将会导致<br>不同线程之间的jobDetail和trigger中的key属性最终指向同一个jobKey或triggerKey，默认情况下每个定时任务是不可以替代/更新的，将导致存储时抛异常，定时任务无法添加到任务的存储数据结构中。</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">org.quartz.JobPersistenceException:<span class="function">The <span class="title">job</span> <span class="params">(DEFAULT.XXX)</span> referenced by the trigger does not exist.</span></div><div class="line"><span class="function">at org.quartz.simpl.RAMJobStore.<span class="title">storeTrigger</span><span class="params">(RAMJobStore.java:<span class="number">422</span>)</span></span></div><div class="line"><span class="function">at org.quartz.simpl.RAMJobStore.<span class="title">storeJobAndTrigger</span><span class="params">(RAMJobStore.java:<span class="number">252</span>)</span></span></div><div class="line"><span class="function">at org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler.<span class="title">scheduleJob</span><span class="params">(QuartzScheduler.java:<span class="number">855</span>)</span></span></div><div class="line"><span class="function">at org.quartz.impl.StdScheduler.<span class="title">scheduleJob</span><span class="params">(StdScheduler.java:<span class="number">249</span>)</span></span></div><div class="line"><span class="function">...</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>下面是另一个异常信息：</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">org.quartz.ObjectAlreadyExistsException:Unable to store Job : <span class="string">'DEFAULT.XXX'</span>, because one already exists with <span class="keyword">this</span> identification.</div><div class="line">at org.quartz.simpl.RAMJobStore.storeJob(RAMJobStore.java:<span class="number">279</span>)</div><div class="line">at org.quartz.simpl.RAMJobStore.storeJobAndTrigger(RAMJobStore.java:<span class="number">251</span>)</div><div class="line">at org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler.scheduleJob(QuartzScheduler.java:<span class="number">855</span>)</div><div class="line">at org.quartz.impl.StdScheduler.scheduleJob(StdScheduler.java:<span class="number">249</span>)</div><div class="line">...</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="四、教训"><a href="#四、教训" class="headerlink" title="四、教训"></a>四、教训</h2><p>上述的两种情况是在多线程并发访问的情况下才触发的，而quartz的实现又比较复杂，所以出现这种问题往往需要通过追查源码才能定位到。况且，多线程情况是大部分写作者不会考虑的，所以有部分书籍并没有先初始化key属性，归根到底只能说写作的人也是人，不可能每个部分都去深究源码，所以也有可能被“误导”。最好还是通过quartz官方提供的samples进行学习，因为对于上述的问题，quartz官方提供的samples中都有显示对key进行初始化。</p>
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<p>Welcome to <a href="https://hexo.io/" target="_blank" rel="external">Hexo</a>! This is your very first post. Check <a href="https://hexo.io/docs/" target="_blank" rel="external">documentation</a> for more info. If you get any problems when using Hexo, you can find the answer in <a href="https://hexo.io/docs/troubleshooting.html" target="_blank" rel="external">troubleshooting</a> or you can ask me on <a href="https://github.com/hexojs/hexo/issues" target="_blank" rel="external">GitHub</a>.</p>
<h2 id="Quick-Start"><a href="#Quick-Start" class="headerlink" title="Quick Start"></a>Quick Start</h2><h3 id="Create-a-new-post"><a href="#Create-a-new-post" class="headerlink" title="Create a new post"></a>Create a new post</h3><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">$ hexo new <span class="string">"My New Post"</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>More info: <a href="https://hexo.io/docs/writing.html" target="_blank" rel="external">Writing</a></p>
<h3 id="Run-server"><a href="#Run-server" class="headerlink" title="Run server"></a>Run server</h3><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">$ hexo server</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>More info: <a href="https://hexo.io/docs/server.html" target="_blank" rel="external">Server</a></p>
<h3 id="Generate-static-files"><a href="#Generate-static-files" class="headerlink" title="Generate static files"></a>Generate static files</h3><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">$ hexo generate</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>More info: <a href="https://hexo.io/docs/generating.html" target="_blank" rel="external">Generating</a></p>
<h3 id="Deploy-to-remote-sites"><a href="#Deploy-to-remote-sites" class="headerlink" title="Deploy to remote sites"></a>Deploy to remote sites</h3><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">$ hexo deploy</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>More info: <a href="https://hexo.io/docs/deployment.html" target="_blank" rel="external">Deployment</a></p>
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