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come-contribuire/attività-propedeutiche-alla-contribuzione-al-catalogo.rst + come-contribuire/richiesta-formale-di-contribuzione.rst + come-contribuire/contribuzione-continua-al-catalogo.rst diff --git "a/_sources/docs/come-contribuire/attivit\303\240-propedeutiche-alla-contribuzione-al-catalogo.rst.txt" "b/_sources/docs/come-contribuire/attivit\303\240-propedeutiche-alla-contribuzione-al-catalogo.rst.txt" new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f6981c4 --- /dev/null +++ "b/_sources/docs/come-contribuire/attivit\303\240-propedeutiche-alla-contribuzione-al-catalogo.rst.txt" @@ -0,0 +1,159 @@ +Attività propedeutiche alla contribuzione al Catalogo +===================================================== + +Le attività propedeutiche alla contribuzione al Catalogo da parte di un +Contributore sono: + +- Effettuare un’analisi delle risorse da creare, oppure delle possibili + proposte di modifica da effettuare per risorse già pubblicate sul + catalogo; + +- Individuare la modalità di contribuzione più consona al caso + specifico sulla base delle informazioni contenute nelle sotto-sezioni + seguenti eventualmente richiedendo supporto agli Amministratori del + Catalogo; + +- Effettuare le ulteriori azioni di competenza descritte nel seguente flowchart. + +.. mermaid:: + + flowchart TB + classDef default stroke:white,color:#fff,clusterBkg:none,fill:#3344d0 + classDef cluster font-weight: bold,fill:none,color:darkgray,stroke:#3344d0,stroke-width:2px + classDef subgraph_padding fill:none, stroke:none, opacity:0 + classDef bounded_context stroke-dasharray:5 5 + subgraph b["Amministratori del Catalogo"] + id0["Analisi della richiesta di contribuzione espressa"] + end + subgraph Organizzazione Contributrice + + id1((START))--> id2["Individuazione degli asset da creare o modificare"] + id2--> id3{"Difficoltà nel determinare la modalità"} + id3--> |Sì|id4["Organizzazione chiede supporto per determinare la modalità più opportuna"] + id4-.-> id0 + id3--> |No|id5["Individuazione della modalità di contribuzione"] + id0-.->id5 + id5--> id6{"Modalità di contribuzione"} + id6--> |Richiesta di semantic stewardship|id7["Invia richiesta di contribuzione al Catalogo utilizzando l'apposita email"] + id6--> |Aggiornamento/Creazione asset semantici|id8["Verifica sul Catalogo di risorse semantiche correlate"] + id8--> id9{"Presenza della risorsa"} + id9--> |Aggiunta di nuove risorse|id30["Scelta del dominio sotto cui pubblicare"] + id30--> id31{"Soluzione URI stabili già implementata dall'organizzazione"} + id9--> |Modifiche a risorse già a Catalogo|id10["Apertura Issue sul repository relativo all'asset da modificare"] + id10--> id11["Per lo sviluppo della proposta, riferirsi al Manuale Operativo"] + direction TB + id31--> |Sì|id15["Modellazione e metadatazione degli asset"] + id15--> id16["Predisposizione del repository git"] + id16-->id17["Utilizzo della propria soluzione per le URI stabili"] + id17-->id18["Test dei requsiiti tecnici per l'harvesting degli asset semantici"] + id31--> |No| id42["Valutazione risorse da pubblicare"] + id42--> id43{"Tipologia risorsa"} + id43--> |Risorse con elevato livello di generalità|id44["Riferirsi alle indicazioni nel wiki del repository nazionale"] + id43--> |Risorse non caratterizzate da elevato livello di generalità|id46["Modellazione e metadatazione degli asset"] + id46-->id47["Predisposizione del repository git"] + id47-->id48["Implementazione redirect su URI stabili sotto w3id"] + id48-->id49["Test dei requsiiti tecnici per l'harvesting degli asset semantici"] + id49-->id50((END)) + id18-->id40((END)) + id7--> id20((END)) + id11-->id41((END)) + id44-->id45((END)) + end + +Diagramma delle attività propedeutiche alla contribuzione + +Aggiunta di nuove risorse +------------------------- + +Di seguito il dettaglio delle attività propedeutiche del Contributore +per l’aggiunta di nuove risorse sul Catalogo: + +- Se vuoi **registrare URI sotto il w3id.org/italia**: + + * Nel caso in cui si abbiano a disposizione risorse da pubblicare + caratterizzate da un elevato livello di generalità e + riutilizzabilità su scala nazionale, allora si potranno registrare + URI sotto **w3id.org/italia,** beneficiando dei meccanismi di *URI + dereferentiation* e *Content Negotiation* già implementate. A tale + scopo, fai riferimento alle istruzioni contenute nel `repository + Italia `__ + e alle indicazioni rese disponibili nel + `manuale operativo <../manuale-operativo/indicazioni-su-modellazione-e-metadatazione-degli-asset-semantici.html>`__ + su come modellare e metadatare le risorse. + + * Nel caso in cui le risorse da pubblicare non siano caratterizzate + da un elevato livello di generalità e riutilizzabilità su scala + nazionale, allora si potranno registrare URI sotto + **w3id.org/italia/dominio_specifico.** In tal caso, le istruzioni + sono le seguenti: + + + Per la **modellazione e metadatazione**, fai riferimento alle + indicazioni differenziate per tipologia di risorsa (vocabolario + controllato, ontologia o schema dati) contenute nel `manuale operativo <../manuale-operativo/indicazioni-su-modellazione-e-metadatazione-degli-asset-semantici.html>`__; + + Per la **predisposizione del repository**, fai riferimento alle + indicazioni riguardo la struttura del repository da creare e + che verrà registrato tra le sorgenti del Catalogo. I file + richiesti, il versionamento e ulteriori dettagli sulle risorse + semantiche sono contenute nel `manuale operativo <../manuale-operativo/istruzioni-su-come-predisporre-il-repository-in-cui-pubblicare-le-risorse-semantiche.html>`__; + + Per **l’implementazione del redirect degli URI stabili,** fai + riferimento alla soluzione descritta nel `manuale operativo <../manuale-operativo/identificativi-univoci-delle-risorse.html>`__; + + Per il **test dei requisiti tecnici per l’harvesting delle + risorse semantiche**, fermo restando che il Contributore è + responsabile dei contenuti pubblicati nel proprio repository, è + necessario verificare che le risorse semantiche soddisfino i + requisiti tecnici richiesti per l’avvio della fase di + harvesting da parte del Catalogo. Per supportare al meglio i + Contributori in tale processo, gli Amministratori del Catalogo + sono al lavoro su una pagina web “\ **Strumenti di + validazione**\ ”, che suggerirà per ciascun use-case il + validatore più consono da poter utilizzare. In particolare, (i) + per i file “index.ttl” degli schemi dati e per le ontologie + verrà indicato il validatore in fase di sviluppo da parte degli + Amministratori del Catalogo; (ii) per i vocabolari controllati + si potrà utilizzare il `validatore DCAT-AP_IT sviluppato da + AGID `__ + ignorando eventuali warning ed errori sulla presenza della + classe “dcatapit:Catalog” e sull’uso della proprietà + “owl:versionInfo” quando più lingue vengono specificate per la + proprietà. In aggiunta, verrà indicato il validatore delle + OpenAPI (`Italian API Guidelines + Checker `__), ovvero + per i file yaml. I controlli implementati dal validatore, + attualmente in sviluppo da parte degli Amministratori, saranno + un sottoinsieme di quelli eseguiti in fase di harvesting dalla + piattaforma Catalogo; in particolare, i controlli + verificheranno la presenza dei metadati mandatori nel file + turtle e la validità dei prefissi rispetto alle relative + ontologie. Infine, per un test di visualizzazione e di + correttezza delle risorse semantiche rispetto ai requisiti + tecnici per l’harvesting espressi nel `manuale + operativo <../manuale-operativo.html>`__, è possibile richiedere, + utilizzando la mail servicedesk.schema@istat.it, un primo + aggiornamento nell’ambiente di test del Catalogo e, al termine + della fase di test, richiedere l’harvesting in produzione. + +- Se vuoi **registrare URI in domini come w3id.org/dominio_specifico**: + + * Segui le istruzioni contenute nell’elenco al punto precedente. Per + l’attività di implementazione del redirect su URI stabili, puoi + far riferimento alla `guida ufficiale pubblicata dal + w3id `__. Inoltre, per la creazione dei file di + configurazione del redirect, puoi considerare **a titolo + esemplificativo** le istruzioni contenute nel + `manuale operativo <../manuale-operativo/identificativi-univoci-delle-risorse.html>`__. + +- Se vuoi **registrare URI in domini proprietari**: + + * Segui autonomamente tutte le specifiche richieste. + +- Se vuoi **chiedere semantic stewardship a Istat**: + + * Invia una richiesta di contribuzione al Catalogo utilizzando la + mail servicedesk-schema@istat.it. + +Richiesta di modifica di risorse già in Catalogo +------------------------------------------------ + +Se vuoi **suggerire una modifica a un contenuto semantico già esistente +nel Catalogo,** fai riferimento al +`manuale operativo <../manuale-operativo/indicazioni-su-aggiornamento-di-asset-semantici-esistenti.html>`__. diff --git a/_sources/docs/come-contribuire/contribuzione-continua-al-catalogo.rst.txt b/_sources/docs/come-contribuire/contribuzione-continua-al-catalogo.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2957085 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/come-contribuire/contribuzione-continua-al-catalogo.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +Contribuzione continua al Catalogo +================================== + +Una volta che i Contributori hanno aderito al Catalogo, questi hanno la +possibilità di espandere continuamente il proprio insieme di risorse +semantiche all'interno del Catalogo. Questo significa che possono +contribuire con delle nuove in diversi momenti successivi all'adesione +iniziale. + +Tuttavia, è importante considerare che tutte le modifiche apportate al +proprio repository principale dopo l'adesione iniziale sono integrate +automaticamente dall'harvester ogni volta che viene attivato. Di +conseguenza, ogni modifica effettuata nel repository principale verrà +incorporata in produzione all'attivazione successiva dell'harvester. + +Per mitigare questo aspetto, i Contributori possono scegliere di +caricare le risorse semantiche che non considerano stabili o complete in +un branch separato, e non nel branch master. Solo quando le ritengono +stabili e complete, possono eseguire il merge o il push nel branch +master per far sì che vengano integrate in produzione e, di conseguenza, +raccolte nel Catalogo. diff --git a/_sources/docs/come-contribuire/richiesta-formale-di-contribuzione.rst.txt b/_sources/docs/come-contribuire/richiesta-formale-di-contribuzione.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..15b0d4e --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/come-contribuire/richiesta-formale-di-contribuzione.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +Richiesta formale di contribuzione +================================== + +Una volta individuata la modalità di contribuzione più opportuna, e +portate a termine le relative attività descritte nelle precedenti +sezioni, contatta gli Amministratori del Catalogo per richiedere +formalmente di contribuire utilizzando la mail +servicedesk-schema@istat.it. Una volta avvenuto il contatto, verrà +organizzato un kick-off tra Amministratori e Contributore. È in corso di +implementazione, da parte degli Amministratori del Catalogo, una Pagina +Contatti che integrerà appositi wizard per fornire una procedura guidata +ed automatizzata di iscrizione ai Contributori. diff --git a/_sources/docs/come-utilizzare-le-risorse.rst.txt b/_sources/docs/come-utilizzare-le-risorse.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4fcfd8a --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/come-utilizzare-le-risorse.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +Come utilizzare le risorse +========================== + +Schema.gov.it è il portale del Catalogo che abilita i Contributori, +oltreché qualsiasi cittadino, a ricercare, consultare e riusare gli +asset semantici (ontologie, schemi dati e vocabolari controllati). + +In particolare, il portale del Catalogo offre funzionalità di ricerca e +strumenti integrati di visualizzazione e fruizione delle risorse allo +scopo di semplificare le attività di riuso delle stesse, ad es. +l’integrazione dei contenuti semantici all’interno degli e-service. + +Il portale del Catalogo è pubblico, ovvero consultabile da chiunque, con +scopi anche diversi tra i vari fruitori. Di seguito alcuni esempi di +utente tipo del Catalogo: + +- **sviluppatore di e-service**: può beneficiare del Catalogo + riutilizzando i concetti semantici al fine di sviluppare e-service che + siano interoperabili non solo sintatticamente, ma anche semanticamente; + +- **ricercatore**: può beneficiare del Catalogo riutilizzando ontologie, + vocabolari e schemi per i propri scopi di ricerca, riducendo i tempi di + realizzazione di eventuali sperimentazioni; + +- **contributore del Catalogo:** il beneficio è quello di poter + individuare eventuali ontologie, vocabolari o schemi strettamente + correlati, se non sovrapposti, ai contenuti semantici da pubblicare. In + questo modo, piuttosto che creare ex-novo risorse semantiche ridondanti + tra loro, è possibile estendere quelle esistenti, riducendo anche il + carico di lavoro annesso. + +Le successive sotto-sezioni hanno lo scopo di descrivere le funzionalità di +ricerca e fruizione dei contenuti esposte dal portale del Catalogo. + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 3 + :caption: Indice dei contenuti + + come-utilizzare-le-risorse/ricerca-di-risorse-semantiche.rst + come-utilizzare-le-risorse/scheda-della-risorsa-semantica.rst diff --git a/_sources/docs/come-utilizzare-le-risorse/ricerca-di-risorse-semantiche.rst.txt b/_sources/docs/come-utilizzare-le-risorse/ricerca-di-risorse-semantiche.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b125ada --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/come-utilizzare-le-risorse/ricerca-di-risorse-semantiche.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +Ricerca di risorse semantiche +============================= + +La ricerca degli asset semantici può essere effettuata direttamente +sull’homepage del Catalogo utilizzando l’apposito textbox, oppure +selezionando sulle diverse categorie o tipologie degli asset semantici, +come illustrato nella figura sottostante. + +.. figure:: ../../media/image3.png + :alt: Homepage di schema.gov.it – Ricerca asset semantici + :width: 5.71198in + :height: 2.89375in + + Homepage di schema.gov.it – Ricerca asset semantici + +La ricerca tramite textbox permette agli utenti del Catalogo una rapida +individuazione delle risorse desiderate, fornendo in input le **parole +chiave** di interesse; in particolare, la textbox è supportata da +appositi indici che abilitano la ricerca testuale per titolo, keyword, +termini contenuti nella descrizione, titolare e concetti principali +della risorsa. + +.. figure:: ../../media/image4.png + :alt: Homepage di schema.gov.it – Ricerca asset semantici (Esplora il catalogo) + :width: 6.13542in + :height: 2.1057in + + Homepage di schema.gov.it – Ricerca asset semantici (Esplora il catalogo) + +In aggiunta alla precedente modalità di ricerca, è possibile cliccare su +'Esplora il catalogo' e di conseguenza accedere ad una pagina di +ricerca avanzata che ne estende le funzionalità di filtraggio delle +risorse. + +.. figure:: ../../media/image5.png + :alt: Catalogo – Ricerca asset semantici a partire da 'Esplora il catalogo' + :width: 5.30208in + :height: 3.90625in + + Catalogo – Ricerca asset semantici a partire da 'Esplora il catalogo' + +In particolare, è possibile filtrare le risorse per: + +- **parole chiave**: la funzionalità di ricerca è analoga a quella + descritta per la homepage, ma in questo caso può essere coadiuvata dalle + successive. + +- **tipologia**: tutte (opzione di default), ontologia, vocabolario + controllato, schema. + +- **categoria**: ad esempio Energia, Ambiente, Trasporti. + +- **titolare**: ad esempio INPS, ISPRA, AIA. + +L’utente può configurare uno, più o tutti i filtri per poi cliccare il +tasto 'OK' e ottenere i risultati della propria ricerca. + +Inoltre, l’utente può rimuovere filtri applicati nella ricerca +precedente servendosi delle filter chip mostrate appena sotto gli +elementi di configurazione della ricerca, e/o aggiungere nuovi valori ai +filtri, per poi cliccare 'OK' e ottenere i nuovi risultati di ricerca. + +Per ciascun risultato di ricerca, l'utente visualizza le anteprime delle +risorse individuate (nessuna se il filtraggio è troppo restrittivo); per +ciascuna di esse, è possibile cliccare il titolo e accedere alla +relativa scheda di dettaglio. Ulteriori dettagli sulle schede dettaglio +degli asset semantici sono forniti nelle sotto-sezioni seguenti. diff --git a/_sources/docs/come-utilizzare-le-risorse/scheda-della-risorsa-semantica.rst.txt b/_sources/docs/come-utilizzare-le-risorse/scheda-della-risorsa-semantica.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e90f916 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/come-utilizzare-le-risorse/scheda-della-risorsa-semantica.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,118 @@ +Scheda della risorsa semantica +============================== + +Ontologia +--------- + +La scheda di dettaglio di un'ontologia fornisce informazioni quali il +titolo, la descrizione, e mostra due tasti che permettono di accedere +alle due funzionalità 'SPARQL' e 'Vai al sorgente'. + +.. figure:: ../../media/image6.png + :alt: Esempio schermata della scheda di un'ontologia + + Esempio schermata della scheda di un'ontologia + +In particolare: + +- Il tasto 'SPARQL' permette di accedere all’endpoint SPAQL ed + effettuare interrogazioni sull’ontologia, interagendo col Graph Store + del Catalogo. + +.. figure:: ../../media/image7.png + :alt: Interfaccia per l'esecuzione di interrogazioni mediante SPARQL Query Editor + + Interfaccia per l'esecuzione di interrogazioni mediante SPARQL Query Editor + +- Il tasto 'Vai al sorgente' permette di accedere al repository + sorgente della risorsa semantica, dove eventualmente l'utente può + aprire nuove issue. + +Nella scheda della risorsa è presente anche una tabella che contiene i +dettagli dell’ontologia. Tra i vari elementi cliccabili in tabella vi è +il campo 'URI', che permette di accedere al visualizzatore lode - un +visualizzatore HTML di ontologie espresse in RDFS e OWL - dove l'utente +ha la possibilità di esaminare varie caratteristiche dell'ontologia, tra +cui le classi, le proprietà, nonché informazioni di carattere generale +quali la versione corrente, gli autori e altre modalità di +visualizzazione. + +.. figure:: ../../media/image8.png + :alt: Esempio visualizzatore lode di un’ontologia + :width: 5.12986in + :height: 2.59097in + + Esempio visualizzatore lode di un’ontologia + +Vocabolario controllato +----------------------- + +La scheda di dettaglio dei vocabolari controllati contiene pressoché gli +stessi elementi descritti per le ontologie. + +.. figure:: ../../media/image9.png + :alt: Esempio schermata della scheda di un vocabolario controllato + :width: 5.54792in + :height: 2.79792in + + Esempio schermata della scheda di un vocabolario controllato + +Per i vocabolari controllati è presente un tasto aggiuntivo, 'API', che +permette di accedere alla Swagger UI e quindi fruire del vocabolario +controllato tramite un’apposita API. + +.. figure:: ../../media/image10.png + :alt: Interfaccia Swagger UI per vocabolario controllato + :width: 5.29792in + :height: 2.67847in + + Interfaccia Swagger UI per vocabolario controllato + +Anche in questo caso, è presente una tabella che contiene i dettagli +della risorsa semantica, con un importante differenza: il campo 'URI' +rimanda non più al visualizzatore lode, bensì lodview - un software +aperto di dereferenziazione di URI che consente di navigare i dati via +Web - dove l'utente ha la possibilità di esaminare varie caratteristiche +del vocabolario controllato correlate al linguaggio RDF. + +.. figure:: ../../media/image11.png + :alt: Esempio visualizzatore lodview di un vocabolario controllato + :width: 5.63478in + :height: 2.85652in + + Esempio visualizzatore lodview di un vocabolario controllato + +Schema +------ + +La scheda di dettaglio per gli schemi dati mostra il titolo, la +descrizione e il tasto 'Vai al sorgente' con funzionamento analogo a +quello descritto per ontologie e vocabolari controllati. + +In aggiunta, è presente una tabella che contiene, oltre alle +informazioni di base della risorsa, una visualizzazione Swagger UI +completamente integrata, e che abilita la fruizione dello schema dati +mediante la visualizzazione estesa dei vari campi della sezione +'schemas'. + +.. figure:: ../../media/image12.png + :alt: Esempio di tabella contenuta in una scheda per gli schemi dati + :width: 4.85714in + :height: 5.03576in + + Esempio di tabella contenuta in una scheda per gli schemi dati + +Richiesta di aggiornamento di asset semantici esistenti +------------------------------------------------------- + +A partire dalla scheda di dettaglio di qualsiasi asset semantico nel +Catalogo, è possibile cliccare su un tasto 'Vai al sorgente' per essere +indirizzati sul repository GIT che contiene i dati su cui è stato +effettuato l’harvesting. In tal modo, è possibile non solo consultare i +codici sorgenti delle risorse semantiche, ma anche aprire eventuali +issue nel caso in cui siano stati rilevati errori sui relativi contenuti +semantici. + +Nel caso di richiesta di integrazioni, il Contributore o l’utente che +apre la issue dovrà fare riferimento alle indicazioni tecniche fornite +nel `manuale operativo <../manuale-operativo/indicazioni-su-aggiornamento-di-asset-semantici-esistenti.html>`__. diff --git a/_sources/docs/funzionamento-generale.rst.txt b/_sources/docs/funzionamento-generale.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..10c5116 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/funzionamento-generale.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +Funzionamento generale +====================== + +La presente sezione si focalizza sulla descrizione e comprensione del +funzionamento generale del Catalogo. Al fine di offrire una panoramica +più chiara, la sequenza di utilizzo del Catalogo è sintetizzata nella +figura seguente: + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 3 + :caption: Indice dei contenuti + + funzionamento-generale/attori.rst + funzionamento-generale/avvio-della-contribuzione.rst + funzionamento-generale/raccolta-e-memorizzazione-dei-dati-semantici.rst + funzionamento-generale/esposizione-dei-contenuti-semantici.rst diff --git a/_sources/docs/funzionamento-generale/attori.rst.txt b/_sources/docs/funzionamento-generale/attori.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a157982 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/funzionamento-generale/attori.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +Attori +====== + +.. figure:: ../../media/image1.png + :alt: Schema di interazione da parte dei diversi attori + :width: 5.35086in + :height: 2.96875in + + Schema di interazione da parte dei diversi attori + +Gli attori coinvolti sono i seguenti: + +- **Contributori**: soggetti di cui all’art. 2, comma 2, CAD che + alimentano il Catalogo con i propri asset semantici, oppure loro + rappresentanti, anche privati; + +- **Amministratori del Catalogo**: svolgono attività di gestione e + amministrazione del Catalogo sia in termini di piattaforma che di + alimentazione; + +- **Utenti finali**: fruiscono dei contenuti semantici esposti dal + Catalogo per lo sviluppo delle proprie API. diff --git a/_sources/docs/funzionamento-generale/avvio-della-contribuzione.rst.txt b/_sources/docs/funzionamento-generale/avvio-della-contribuzione.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0009733 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/funzionamento-generale/avvio-della-contribuzione.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +Avvio della contribuzione +========================= + +L’alimentazione del Catalogo si basa su un processo, l’harvester, che ha +come sorgenti dati i repository di risorse semantiche opportunamente +configurati. Per contribuire all’alimentazione del Catalogo, i +Contributori creano un proprio repository dove pubblicare le risorse +semantiche destinate ad essere raccolte dall’harvester del Catalogo e +inviano successivamente a servicedesk-schema@istat.it una richiesta +di attivazione del processo di harvesting da parte del Catalogo. +Completate le fasi indicate in `Come contribuire <../come-contribuire.html>`__, +le nuove risorse verranno raccolte nel Catalogo. + +Anche nel caso di richiesta di semantic stewardship ad Istat, la +richiesta deve essere inoltrata a servicedesk-schema@istat.it. diff --git a/_sources/docs/funzionamento-generale/esposizione-dei-contenuti-semantici.rst.txt b/_sources/docs/funzionamento-generale/esposizione-dei-contenuti-semantici.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..29fd5e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/funzionamento-generale/esposizione-dei-contenuti-semantici.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +Esposizione dei contenuti semantici +=================================== + +Gli asset semantici raccolti dall’harvester sono resi disponibili sul +portale schema.gov.it, in modo da abilitarne la fruizione. Il portale +integra funzionalità di ricerca testuale, filtri preimpostati, +visualizzatori integrati nelle schede degli asset semantici, così come +descritto in `Ricerca di risorse semantiche <../come-utilizzare-le-risorse/ricerca-di-risorse-semantiche.html>`__. diff --git a/_sources/docs/funzionamento-generale/raccolta-e-memorizzazione-dei-dati-semantici.rst.txt b/_sources/docs/funzionamento-generale/raccolta-e-memorizzazione-dei-dati-semantici.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d2eb787 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/funzionamento-generale/raccolta-e-memorizzazione-dei-dati-semantici.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +Raccolta e memorizzazione dei dati semantici +============================================ + +La fase di raccolta e memorizzazione dei dati semantici è affidata a un +processo periodico di harvesting (tramite la componente **harvester del +back-end** del Catalogo). Il processo estrae i dati contenuti nei +repository configurati come sorgenti, e li memorizza su appositi server +a supporto delle funzionalità di ricerca, esplorazione e fruizione del +Catalogo. diff --git a/_sources/docs/manuale-operativo.rst.txt b/_sources/docs/manuale-operativo.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..05cd407 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/manuale-operativo.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +Manuale operativo +================= + +Il manuale operativo dettaglia le attività tecniche correlate +al processo di contribuzione al catalogo. + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 3 + :caption: Indice dei contenuti + + manuale-operativo/identificativi-univoci-delle-risorse.rst + manuale-operativo/indicazioni-su-modellazione-e-metadatazione-degli-asset-semantici.rst + manuale-operativo/indicazioni-su-aggiornamento-di-asset-semantici-esistenti.rst + manuale-operativo/istruzioni-su-come-predisporre-il-repository-in-cui-pubblicare-le-risorse-semantiche.rst diff --git a/_sources/docs/manuale-operativo/identificativi-univoci-delle-risorse.rst.txt b/_sources/docs/manuale-operativo/identificativi-univoci-delle-risorse.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2647498 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/manuale-operativo/identificativi-univoci-delle-risorse.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,504 @@ +Identificativi univoci delle risorse +===================================== + +Nel contesto del Web semantico, c’è necessità di definire i cosiddetti +"URI stabili/permanenti", ovvero: + +- che rimangano stabili per un tempo indeterminato, in quanto fanno + riferimento a entità che devono essere permanenti e univoche; + +- che permettano di essere risolti su una pagina web o simili per avere + informazioni; + +- nella forma + ``https://{{dominio}}/{{tipo_risorsa}}/{{concetto}}/{{codice_riferimento}}``, + dove: + + * il \ **dominio**, il cui valore dipende dalla scelta effettuata + dai Contributori (rif. `Scelta degli identificativi univoci nel web <../premesse/scelta-degli-identificativi-univoci-nel-web.html>`__); + + * il **tipo di risorsa** può essere, ad esempio, uno dei seguenti + valori: + + + onto: per rappresentare tutto il mondo delle ontologie + + + controlled-vocabulary: per rappresentare tutto il mondo dei + vocabolari controllati + + + data: per specificare gli URI dei dati collegati (linked data) + che sono creati come istanze dei modelli ontologici + + * il \ **concetto** è lo specifico concetto che si istanzia nei dati + o nome dell'ontologia; + + * il **codice di riferimento** è il codice univoco per identificare + univocamente la "cosa" descritta. + +Per ulteriori indicazioni in merito, fare riferimento alle `Linee Guida +Open Data di +AgID `__. + +Ciò detto, i Contributori possono seguire integralmente le indicazioni +nella presente sezione, sia in termini di configurazione dei file di +redirect che di definizione di URI, nel caso in cui vogliano pubblicare +risorse semantiche in un proprio repository e **non abbiano già +implementato una propria soluzione per le URI stabili**. Al contrario, +se i Contributori hanno già implementato una propria soluzione per le +URI stabili, potranno continuare ad utilizzarla anche nel contesto del +Catalogo, senza dover seguire le indicazioni nella presente sezione. + +Introduzione al redirect con w3id.org +------------------------------------- + +`w3id.org `__ è una soluzione del W3C Permanent +Identifier Community Group che permette l’aggiunta o modifica di +identificativi permanenti a partire dai quali reindirizzare verso URL +specifici; il processo si basa sull’aggiunta di una o più cartelle nel +`repository git del +w3id `__ +le quali contengono i file '.htaccess' e file 'README.md', +eventualmente organizzati in sottocartelle. + +Nel caso del Catalogo si può richiedere la +registrazione di un proprio dominio su w3id creando una cartella +dedicata oppure facendo riferimento alla `cartella Italia del GIT del w3id `__, nella +quale possono essere aggiunte le sottocartelle, ciascuna per una +particolare area tematica, contenenti i file di reindirizzamento, +eventualmente organizzati in ulteriori sottocartelle, ed il file +'README.md'; successivamente, le stesse saranno gestite autonomamente e +con interfacciamento diretto verso w3id.org dai referenti indicati nei +file 'README.md'. La cartella e le relative sottocartelle, i file +'.htaccess' e i file 'README.md' sono creati sul `repository git del +w3id `__ dal +Contributore. + +Una nota importante è che l'efficacia delle regole di redirect descritte +nei seguenti paragrafi è subordinata all'applicazione delle indicazioni +offerte dalla presente guida per la creazione ed organizzazione del +repository contenente le risorse semantiche, con particolare riferimento +all'uguaglianza che deve persistere tra il nome di ciascuna cartella e +il nome dei relativi file, a meno dell'estensione, e il nome con il +quale viene referenziata la risorsa semantica (ontologia) all'interno +del proprio URI. + +Processo di pubblicazione degli htaccess +---------------------------------------- + +Fork del repository git del w3id +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Il primo passo per la registrazione dei vari redirect è il fork in +locale del `repository del w3id `__. + +Gli identificativi permanenti (URI) verranno definiti sulla base del +percorso nel quale saranno inseriti i vari file 'htaccess'. Nel caso si +vogliano registrare URI sotto la cartella Italia, allora il percorso +della cartella 'root' per 'nome-cartella' dovrà essere +'italia//' dunque il namespace degli URI +definiti nella stessa sarà 'w3id.org/italia//'. + +Aggiunta della cartella +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Nel repository in locale creato a partire dalla fork occorrerà creare la +cartella sotto 'italia' oppure direttamente sotto la cartella 'root', e +che conterrà l’alberatura di sottocartelle e dei relativi file +'.htaccess', oltre al file 'README.md', la cui creazione e +configurazione è a carico del Contributore. A tal proposito, in +coda alla sezione sono disponibili una guida alla creazione dei file +e alcuni esempi di possibili strumenti da utilizzare per i test del redirect. + +Di seguito è fornito un esempio di alberatura della cartella sotto +'/italia': + +:: + + italia + |--nome-cartella + | |--controlled-vocabulary + | | |-.htaccess + | |--data + | | |-.htaccess + | |--onto + | | |-.htaccess + | |README.md + +In tal modo, verranno definiti i seguenti URI stabili: + +- w3id.org/italia//controlled-vocabulary + +- w3id.org/italia//data + +- w3id.org/italia//onto + +Il '' è molto importante dato che dovrà essere inserito +in specifici parametri descritti di seguito, e sarà sempre utilizzato +per riferirsi all'insieme delle risorse semantiche del Contributore +nell'ambito della configurazione dei file di redirect. + +Le regole di redirect associate a ciascun URI sono definite nei relativi +file '.htaccess'. Il file 'README.md' contiene i nominativi dei +referenti unitamente ai loro riferimenti e-mail e di github. Questi +riferimenti curano la gestione della cartella e dei relativi file a +seguito dell’approvazione di 'Italia'. È opportuno prendere come esempio +il file 'README.md' sotto la cartella 'italia'. + +Creazione della pull request +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Una volta modificato il repository GIT in locale, si crea una pull +request; nel caso in cui si stiano registrando URI sotto Italia, occorre +indicare come reviewer della pull request i contatti presenti nel file +`readme sotto +Italia `__, +che procederanno all’analisi e conseguente validazione della stessa. + +Il merge sul branch master verrà effettuato in ogni caso direttamente da +w3id.org e determinerà la pubblicazione definitiva dei nuovi URI e +relative regole di redirect. + +Contenuto dei file htaccess e readme +------------------------------------ + +Di seguito è data una descrizione del file '.htaccess' per ciascuna +tipologia di risorsa, da cui il Contributore può prendere spunto per +creare i propri file di redirect. Gli esempi sono calati nella casistica +in cui il Contributore voglia iscrivere le proprie URI sotto +w3id.org/italia/dominio_specifico, voglia fruire delle soluzioni di *URI +dereferentiation* implementate in Schema, e abbia rispettato le +indicazioni sulla creazione del repository sorgente per le proprie +risorse semantiche descritte in `Istruzioni su come predisporre il repository <../manuale-operativo/istruzioni-su-come-predisporre-il-repository-in-cui-pubblicare-le-risorse-semantiche.html>`__. +In casi diversi rispetto al precedente, il Contributore dovrà adeguare +opportunamente le regole di redirect descritte di seguito. + +controlled-vocabulary +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +È buona norma creare il file '.htaccess' da inserire nella +sottocartella +'…/nome-cartella/controlled-vocabulary' prendendo +come esempio quello contenuto nella `cartella del GIT +'italia/controlled-vocabulary' `__. + +Esso contiene codice scritto sulla base delle Direttive Apache, e +permette di gestire le richieste HTTP in base al valore dell'header +Accept e di SYNTAX. A seconda del valore, gli URL vengono riscritti in +modo diverso o reindirizzati a URL esterni. La specifica azione di +riscrittura o reindirizzamento dipende dalla combinazione di Accept e +SYNTAX. + +Di seguito viene data una descrizione delle direttive di esempio, alle +quali sono modificati i riferimenti degli URL di atterraggio, oltre +all’eventuale modifica/integrazione delle regole al fine di meglio +adattarsi al git del Contributore: + +:: + + Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin * + +Questa riga imposta l'header Access-Control-Allow-Origin su \*, +consentendo a qualsiasi dominio di accedere alle risorse sul server +tramite richieste Ajax o da altri domini diversi. + +:: + + Options +FollowSymLinks + +Questa riga abilita l'opzione FollowSymLinks, che permette al server di +seguire i collegamenti simbolici (symlink) all'interno del file system. + +:: + + RewriteEngine on + +Questa riga attiva il motore di riscrittura degli URL di Apache +(mod_rewrite), che permette di manipolare gli URL delle richieste HTTP. + +:: + + SetEnvIf Accept ^.*text/turtle.* SYNTAX=ttl + + SetEnvIf Accept ^.*application/json.* SYNTAX=json + + SetEnvIf Accept ^.*application/csv.* SYNTAX=csv + + SetEnvIf Accept ^.*text/csv.* SYNTAX=csv + + SetEnvIf Accept ^.*text/html.* SYNTAX=html + +Queste righe impostano una variabile di ambiente chiamata SYNTAX in base +all'header Accept della richiesta HTTP. Questo viene utilizzato per +determinare il tipo di sintassi richiesto nella risposta. Queste righe +sono modificate a seconda dei formati dei file presenti nelle proprie +cartelle github. + +:: + + SetEnvIf Request_URI ^.*$ ROOT_URL= + +Imposta la variabile di ambiente ROOT_URL con un URL fisso. L’URL +inserito è quello del proprio Github che punta alla cartella dei +vocabolari controllati (in formato https://raw.githubusercontent.com/...). + +:: + + RewriteCond %{ENV:SYNTAX} ^(ttl|json|csv)$ + + RewriteRule ^([a-zA-Z-_0-9]+)(/?)$ %{ENV:ROOT_URL}$1/latest/$1.%{ENV:SYNTAX} [R=303,L] + +Definisce la regola di riscrittura dell'URL nel caso in cui il tipo file +richiesto sia ttl, json o csv (questi ultimi sono configurati sulla base +dei tipi file presenti nel repository sorgente). + +:: + + RewriteCond %{ENV:SYNTAX} ^html$ + + RewriteRule ^(.+)$ https://schema.gov.it/lodview//controlled-vocabulary/$1 [R=303,L] + + RewriteRule ^(.+)/(.+)/(.+)$ https://schema.gov.it/lodview//controlled-vocabulary/$1/$2/$3 [R=303,L] + +Le precedenti condizioni si applicano solo quando SYNTAX è html, oppure +in tutti gli altri casi non gestiti dalle precedenti condizioni. +Riscrivono gli URL in modo diverso, reindirizzando a URL esterni basati +su modelli specifici. Al posto di occorre inserire il +nome della cartella tematica aggiunta sotto '/italia' nel git del w3id +con la quale ci si riferisce al particolare insieme di risorse +semantiche. + +onto +~~~~ + +È buona norma creare il file '.htaccess' da inserire nella +sottocartella 'nome-cartella/onto' a partire da quello +contenuto nella `cartella del GIT +'italia/onto' `__. + +Esso contiene codice scritto sulla base delle Direttive Apache, e +permette di gestire le richieste HTTP in base al valore dell'header +Accept e di SYNTAX. A seconda del valore, le URL vengono riscritti in +modo diverso o reindirizzati a URL esterni. La specifica azione di +riscrittura o reindirizzamento dipende dalla combinazione di Accept e +SYNTAX. + +Di seguito viene data una descrizione delle direttive di esempio, alle +quali sono modificati i riferimenti degli URL di atterraggio, oltre +all’eventuale modifica/integrazione delle regole al fine di meglio +adattarsi al git del Contributore: + +:: + + Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin * + +Questa riga imposta l'header Access-Control-Allow-Origin su \*, +consentendo a qualsiasi dominio di accedere alle risorse sul server +tramite richieste Ajax o da altri domini diversi. + +:: + + Options +FollowSymLinks + +Questa riga abilita l'opzione FollowSymLinks, che permette al server di +seguire i collegamenti simbolici (symlink) all'interno del file system. + +:: + + RewriteEngine on + +Questa riga attiva il motore di riscrittura degli URL di Apache +(mod_rewrite), che permette di manipolare gli URL delle richieste HTTP. + +:: + + SetEnvIf Accept ^.*application/rdf\+xml.* SYNTAX=rdf + + SetEnvIf Accept ^.*application/rdf\+xml.* SYNTAX=owl + + SetEnvIf Accept ^.*application/n-triples.* SYNTAX=n3 + + SetEnvIf Accept ^.*text/turtle.* SYNTAX=ttl + + SetEnvIf Accept ^.*text/html.* SYNTAX=html + +Queste righe impostano una variabile di ambiente chiamata SYNTAX in base +all'header Accept della richiesta HTTP. Questo viene utilizzato per +determinare il tipo di sintassi richiesto nella risposta. Queste righe +sono modificate a seconda dei formati dei file presenti nelle proprie +cartelle nel repository delle risorse semantiche. + +:: + + SetEnvIf Request_URI ^.*$ ROOT_URL= + +Imposta la variabile di ambiente ROOT_URL con un URL fisso. L’URL +inserito è quello del proprio repository che punta alla cartella delle +ontologie (in formato https://raw.githubusercontent.com/...). + +:: + + RewriteCond %{ENV:SYNTAX} ^(rdf|ttl|owl|n3)$ + + RewriteRule ^([a-zA-Z-_0-9]+)(/?)$ %{ENV:ROOT_URL}$1/latest/$1.%{ENV:SYNTAX} [R=303,L] + +Definisce la regola di riscrittura dell'URL nel caso in cui il tipo file +richiesto sia rdf, ttl, own o n3 (questi ultimi sono configurati sulla +base dei tipi file presenti nel repository sorgente). + +:: + + RewriteCond %{ENV:SYNTAX} ^html$ + + RewriteRule ^(.+)(/.+)$ https://schema.gov.it/lodview//onto/$1$2 [R=303,L] + + RewriteCond %{ENV:SYNTAX} ^html$ + + RewriteRule ^(.+)/$ https://schema.gov.it/lode/extract?url=https://w3id.org/italia//onto/$1 [R=303,L] + + RewriteCond %{ENV:SYNTAX} ^html$ + + RewriteRule ^(.+)$ https://schema.gov.it/lode/extract?url=https://w3id.org/italia//onto/$1 [R=303,L] + +Le precedenti condizioni si applicano solo quando SYNTAX è html. +Riscrivono gli URL in modo diverso, reindirizzando a URL esterni basati +su modelli specifici. Al posto di occorre inserire il +nome della cartella tematica aggiunta sotto '/italia' nel git del w3id +con la quale ci si riferisce al particolare insieme di risorse +semantiche. + +data +~~~~ + +È bene che il file '.htaccess' da inserire nella sottocartella +'…/nome-cartella/data' sia essere creato a partire da quello +contenuto nella `cartella del GIT +'italia/data' `__. + +Esso contiene codice scritto sulla base delle Direttive Apache, e +permette di configurare il server Apache per consentire l'accesso da +qualsiasi dominio alle risorse del server, impostare una variabile di +ambiente ROOT_URL con un valore fisso, e quindi riscrivere tutte le +richieste in modo che includano ROOT_URL prima dell'URI richiesto. + +Di seguito viene data una descrizione delle direttive di esempio, alle +quali sono modificati i riferimenti degli URL di atterraggio, oltre +all’eventuale modifica/integrazione delle regole al fine di meglio +adattarsi al git del Contributore: + +:: + + Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin * + +Questa riga imposta l'header Access-Control-Allow-Origin su \*, +consentendo a qualsiasi dominio di accedere alle risorse sul server +tramite richieste Ajax o da altri domini diversi. + +:: + + Options +FollowSymLinks + +Questa riga abilita l'opzione FollowSymLinks, che permette al server di +seguire i collegamenti simbolici (symlink) all'interno del file system. + +:: + + RewriteEngine on + +Questa riga attiva il motore di riscrittura degli URL di Apache +(mod_rewrite), che permette di manipolare gli URL delle richieste HTTP. + +:: + + SetEnvIf Request_URI ^.*$ ROOT_URL=https://schema.gov.it/lodview//data/ + +Questa riga imposta una variabile di ambiente chiamata ROOT_URL, dove al +posto di occorre inserire il nome della cartella +tematica aggiunta sotto '/italia' nel git del w3id con la quale ci si +riferisce al particolare insieme di risorse semantiche. + +:: + + RewriteRule ^(.*)$ %{ENV:ROOT_URL}$1 [R=303,L] + +Questa riga è una regola di riscrittura degli URL. Ogni richiesta che +arriva al server verrà riscritta in modo da includere il valore di +ROOT_URL prima dell'URI richiesto. Il flag [R=303,L] indica che la +risposta HTTP sarà un redirect temporaneo (codice di stato 303) e che +questa è l'ultima regola da applicare. + +:: + + RewriteRule ^(.*)/$ %{ENV:ROOT_URL}$1 [R=303,L] + +Questa è una regola di riscrittura simile alla precedente, ma si applica +solo alle richieste che terminano con una barra. Anche in questo caso, +la risposta sarà un redirect temporaneo con codice di stato 303. + +README.md +~~~~~~~~~ + +Per la creazione del file 'README.md' è possibile far riferimento + +- `all’esempio fornito da w3id.org + stessa `__; + +- `al file creato sotto la cartella + '/italia' `__. + +In ogni caso, nella sezione'contatti' del file readme occorre +descrivere le finalità di utilizzo degli URI e indicare i nominativi dei +referenti specificando il loro contatto github e possibilmente +un’e-mail. + +Esempi di strumenti a supporto dei test +--------------------------------------- + +Il Contributore è responsabile della scrittura ed eventuale correzione +dei file htaccess che vengono pubblicati sul w3id; pertanto, è tenuto a +verificarne la correttezza. + +A titolo di esempio, un possibile approccio per testare gli htaccess +prima della pubblicazione sul w3id potrebbe basarsi sull'installazione +di un server Apache, in un container o macchina virtuale, e la +configurazione dei file htaccess all'interno di esso. Questo +consentirebbe di eseguire test approfonditi sui redirect a partire dal +server di test. + +Per i test successivi alla pubblicazione su w3id dei file htaccess e +dell’harvesting sul Catalogo, un'opzione può essere l'utilizzo di cURL +per verificare la correttezza delle regole di redirect. In particolare, +in ciascuno dei file htaccess sono definite una o più regole di redirect +basate sul contenuto (es. html, rdf, turtle, ecc.). +Per testare tutte le regole, occorre innanzitutto individuare URI utili a +stressare le regole di redirect contenute in tutti i file htaccess +(onto, controlled-vocabulary e data). Successivamente, per ciascuna +tipologia di risorsa occorre testare, con l’URI individuato, tutti i +possibili contenuti gestiti dal relativo file htaccess, e verificare che +il redirect sia quello atteso. In caso contrario, il Contributore dovrà +aprire una pull request sul git del w3id al fine di correggere il file +htaccess. + +La generica riga di comando in input da inserire nel prompt dei comandi +è la seguente: + +:: + + curl [URI] --header “Accept: [Content type]” + +Di seguito viene fornito un esempio di utilizzo di cURL per verificare +la correttezza dei redirect nel caso di una ontologia. + +.. figure:: ../../media/image13.png + :alt: Prompt dei comandi- cURL per verifica redirect + :width: 6.5in + :height: 1.22431in + + Prompt dei comandi- cURL per verifica redirect + +Nel caso d’esempio, l’URI fornito è il seguente: +https://w3id.org/italia/work-accident/onto/core/, mentre il contenuto +richiesto è 'text/html', ovvero uno di quelli gestiti dal relativo `file +htaccess `__ +per le ontologie. Il risultato della cURL mostra come stato http il +valore '303 See Other', che indica che l’indirizzamento avviene +con successo, e come indirizzo di atterraggio quello costruito +dall’apposita regola di redirect nel htaccess, come atteso. diff --git a/_sources/docs/manuale-operativo/indicazioni-su-aggiornamento-di-asset-semantici-esistenti.rst.txt b/_sources/docs/manuale-operativo/indicazioni-su-aggiornamento-di-asset-semantici-esistenti.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d4fb425 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/manuale-operativo/indicazioni-su-aggiornamento-di-asset-semantici-esistenti.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +Indicazioni su aggiornamento di asset semantici esistenti +========================================================= + +Di seguito sono riportate le raccomandazioni in presenza di proposte che +richiedono modifiche ad asset semantici già esistenti. + +Modifiche a vocabolari controllati esistenti +-------------------------------------------- + +Qualora si propongano modifiche a vocabolari esistenti è necessario +specificare nella proposta quanto segue: + +- se un concetto già esistente è da considerarsi deprecato. Nel qual + caso si dovrà aggiungere al concetto la proprietà owl:deprecated per + indicare che non è più valido; + +- aggiungere la definizione del/dei nuovo/nuovi concetto/i seguendo + esattamente le definizioni dei concetti già esistenti nel vocabolario + (anche in termini di URI); + +- qualora si voglia aggiungere un nuovo livello a una tassonomia o a un + tesauro, è necessario motivare la richiesta e predisporre il nuovo + livello considerando l’aggiunta delle proprietà skos:narrower e + skos:broader prima menzionate ove applicabili nei livelli precedenti già + presenti nel vocabolario controllato. + +Modifiche a ontologie esistenti +------------------------------- + +Le modifiche vengono esplicitate evidenziando i requisiti (domande di +competenza) che portano a richiedere la modifica di concetti e/o +proprietà già esistenti o cambiamenti nelle restrizioni OWL attualmente +inserite nelle ontologie esistenti. Le domande di competenza sono di +fatto interrogazioni sui dati che la modellazione deve poter supportare. + +Nuovi concetti e/o proprietà rispetto a quelle esistenti, sempre +motivate da specifici requisiti da evidenziare, dovranno essere definiti +seguendo esattamente le definizioni già fornite nell’ambito delle +ontologie esistenti (i.e., specificando tutte le annotazioni che già +vengono utilizzate sia in lingua italiana che in lingua inglese, +specificando eventuali restrizioni OWL se necessarie). + +Si raccomanda di non effettuare cambiamenti negli URI per concetti e/o +proprietà già definite, per via della loro natura di identificativi +univoci e soprattutto persistenti nel tempo, eccetto il caso in cui i +cambiamenti siano indispensabili per garantire un funzionamento +complessivo dell’asset (anche in termini di coerenza semantica) e del +catalogo schema.gov.it, o quando gli URI contengono evidenti errori di +battitura che ne possano compromettere l'usabilità e la leggibilità. + +Modifiche a schemi dati +------------------------ + +Le modifiche da proporre a schemi dati saranno valutate nel caso in cui +saranno evidenziati nuovi casi d’uso. Sulla base di queste nuove +necessità si decide se modificare uno schema dati già esistente o +crearne uno nuovo. Le modifiche proposte per gli schemi dati dovranno +seguire tutte le regole sintattiche e semantiche definite nel contesto +del catalogo schema.gov.it. diff --git a/_sources/docs/manuale-operativo/indicazioni-su-modellazione-e-metadatazione-degli-asset-semantici.rst.txt b/_sources/docs/manuale-operativo/indicazioni-su-modellazione-e-metadatazione-degli-asset-semantici.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4e91d45 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/manuale-operativo/indicazioni-su-modellazione-e-metadatazione-degli-asset-semantici.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,310 @@ +Indicazioni su modellazione e metadatazione degli asset semantici +================================================================= + +Di seguito si riportano le linee guida di base per l’aggiunta di un +nuovo vocabolario controllato, una nuova ontologia e un nuovo schema +dati. + +Nuovo vocabolario controllato +----------------------------- + +Il vocabolario controllato è un dataset aperto e, pertanto, è metadatato +seguendo le linee guida nazionali sui dati aperti, adottando cioè il +profilo nazionale di metadatazione +`DCAT-AP_IT `__ +e una licenza aperta. + +Nel contesto delle iniziative per promuovere le politiche di +valorizzazione del patrimonio informativo pubblico, AGID (Agenzia per +l’Italia Digitale) ha collaborato con un Gruppo di Lavoro composto da +amministrazioni centrali e locali per definire il profilo nazionale dei +metadati (DCAT-AP_IT). + +Questo profilo permette la documentazione dei dati di tipo aperto nel +Catalogo, in linea con la specifica \ `DCAT-AP +(1.1) `__, +definita nell’ambito del \ `programma +ISA `__ della Commissione Europea. + +È reso, dunque, disponibile da parte di AGID un `validatore di file +aderente al profilo +DCAT-AP_IT `__: +può essere utilizzato dal Contributore al fine di verificare il rispetto +delle specifiche in oggetto, ricordando che eventuali errori segnalati +su “dcatapit:Catalog” e su “owl:versionInfo” possono essere ignorati. + +Inoltre, è necessario aggiungere al dataset il metadato ndc:keyConcept +definito nell’\ `ontologia NDC `__ . +Il key concept è il concetto principale o chiave a cui il vocabolario +controllato si riferisce. Ad esempio, per il dataset +https://w3id.org/italia/controlled-vocabulary/classifications-for-public-services/authentication-type +il concetto chiave, quindi il valore della proprietà ndc:keyConcept, è +"authentication-type" (il tipo di autenticazione). Questo metadato è +necessario per abilitare i meccanismi di harvesting del catalogo +schema.gov.it + +Essendo un vocabolario controllato un dataset per organizzare la +conoscenza, esso è rappresentato utilizzando lo standard web di +riferimento per i sistemi di organizzazione della conoscenza, ossia +l’ontologia `SKOS `__. + +In particolare, il Contributore: + +- definisce il ConceptScheme di SKOS che rappresenta tutto il + vocabolario controllato collegandolo ai singoli concetti di primo + livello mediante la proprietà skos:hasTopConcept. Un vocabolario + controllato può essere infatti una lista di codici (code list), una + tassonomia (taxonomy), oppure qualcosa di più complesso come un + tesauro. La proprietà skos:hasTopConcept collega tutti i singoli + concetti in una lista di codici, i concetti di primo livello negli + altri casi più articolati; + +- per ciascun concetto, inoltre, specifica le seguenti proprietà: + + * skos:notation con l’identificativo univoco associato al concetto; + * skos:prefLabel con l’etichetta principale di riferimento per il + concetto definita con almeno il tag in italiano. È opportuno + aggiungere anche la lingua inglese, soprattutto se il vocabolario + è utilizzato in un contesto di interoperabilità anche + transfrontaliera. Si ricorda che l’etichetta che rappresenta il + valore di questa proprietà deve essere esplicita e non contenere + abbreviazioni di testo che la renderebbe comprensibile solo da + parte dell’ente che propone il vocabolario. È opportuno che + l’etichetta principale sia nella forma singolare, lasciando + eventualmente le forme plurali in un’etichetta alternativa + rappresentata con la proprietà skos:altLabel; + * skos:inScheme che assume come valore l’URI del vocabolario + controllato che si sta definendo. + +- in presenza di tassonomie o tesauri indica anche i concetti di + livello inferiore e superiore attraverso le proprietà skos:narrower e + skos:broader nonché di quanti livelli si compone il vocabolario + mediante la proprietà xkos:numberOfLevels, il cui valore indica il + numero di livelli gerarchici previsti dal vocabolario controllato. + +È opportuno che altre proprietà SKOS siano aggiunte ai vari concetti, +come per esempio skos:definition quando una definizione formale del +concetto è nota , skos:note per aggiungere qualsiasi altra nota, qualora +esistente. + +Qualora un concetto sia allineato semanticamente in maniera più o meno +forte ad analoghi concetti definiti in altri vocabolari controllati +esistenti nel web (es. schema.org, EU authority list) è buona norma +utilizzare le proprietà skos:exactMatch (i due concetti sono di fatto la +stessa cosa), skos:relatedMatch (i due concetti sono tra loro +relazionati, nel senso più generale), skos:closeMatch (i due concetti +sono molto simili ma non esattamente la stessa cosa) al fine di creare +collegamenti tra diversi dataset dei vocabolari controllati (linked open +data). + +Nuova ontologia +--------------- + +Nel caso di proposta di una nuova ontologia, il Contributore rispetta le +seguenti indicazioni: + +- consegnare un’ontologia che non presenta errori sintattici. Non + saranno valutate ontologie che non riescono a essere aperte con + successo da software di editing di ontologie come per esempio + Protégé; + +- l’ontologia è almeno serializzata in RDF/Turtle (serializzazione + utilizzata nella procedura di harvesting di schema.gov.it); + +- l’ontologia è metadatata attraverso l’ontologia + `ADMS-AP_IT `__. + Questo profilo di metadatazione è specifico per ontologie e si basa + su DCAT-AP_IT. È questa metadatazione che consente di abilitare + l’harvesting dell’ontologia in schema.gov.it. Per verificare la + correttezza della metadatazione, i Contributori avranno a + disposizione un modulo di pre-harvesting raggiungibile da un’apposita + pagina web, così come espresso nel workflow in + `Attività propedeutiche alla contribuzione al Catalogo <../come-contribuire/attività-propedeutiche-alla-contribuzione-al-catalogo.html>`__; + +- si verifica con dei ragionatori automatici, presenti come plug-in nei + principali editor di sviluppo di ontologie come ad esempio Protégé o + Eddy, che l’ontologia prodotta non abbia inconsistenze semantiche e + che quello che si vuole modellare sia correttamente inferito dal + ragionatore; + +- le classi e proprietà di ogni tipo delle ontologie sono sempre + annotate con almeno le proprietà rdfs:label e rdfs:comment in + italiano. Qualora l’ontologia abbia una potenzialità in un contesto + transfrontaliero, si fornisce anche la versione in lingua inglese + delle stesse proprietà. È opportuno inoltre specificare la proprietà + di annotazione rdfs:isDefinedBy con l’URI dell’ontologia; + +- riutilizzare direttamente tutte le ontologie già esistenti in + schema.gov.it qualora questo si applichi alla nuova modellazione. + Questo consente anche di riutilizzare pattern di modellazione già + implementati che, da letteratura scientifica, hanno dimostrato di + fornire maggiori garanzie di interoperabilità semantica tra + modellazioni diverse. A titolo d’esempio: se si deve definire un + concetto di persona fisica oppure di organizzazione (pubblica o + privata che sia) ma anche concetti legati al tempo o a ruoli di + agenti che agiscono su oggetti del dominio è necessario riutilizzare + rispettivamente le ontologie CPV (Persone), COV (Organizzazioni), TI + (tempo), RO (ruoli); + +- si ricorda che il riutilizzo diretto di concetti e/o proprietà già + esistenti comporta l'ereditarietà di tutti i vincoli di cardinalità + (restrizioni OWL) già definiti nelle ontologie di schema.gov.it; + +- qualora ci sia necessità di aggiungere altre proprietà o vincoli di + cardinalità a concetti già esistenti in ontologie già disponibili, o + si richiede tale aggiunta agli Amministratori del Catalogo per agire + direttamente nelle ontologie di schema, oppure si definisce un + proprio concetto che potrà diventare sottoclasse del concetto già + esistente in ontologie esistenti di schema.gov.it; + +- è raccomandato allineare la nuova ontologia all’ontologia di livello + top nazionale l0. Questa raccomandazione ha alcuni vantaggi: 1) aiuta + a comprendere meglio cosa si sta modellando. Se si modella un’entità + che è “concetto” questa non può essere anche un “evento”; 2) + l’ontologia l0 aiuta a collegare tutte le ontologie tra loro creando + quindi una grossa rete di ontologie nazionali. Il collegamento tra + modelli concettuali abilita il collegamento tra i dati rappresentati + con quei modelli; 3) l0 è molto utile per verificare, attraverso + l’inferenza semantica, eventuali inconsistenze semantiche in + un’ottica più generale di rete più che di singola ontologia; + +- è possibile aggiungere vincoli di cardinalità mediante restrizioni + OWL, ma è bene non vincolare troppo le varie definizioni per dare più + possibilità di riutilizzo alle ontologie anche in altri potenziali + contesti, visto la valenza nazionale che nuove ontologie possono + assumere con la pubblicazione in schema.gov.it. A tal proposito si + suggerisce di definire restrizioni OWL come sottoclassi della classe + a cui si riferiscono così da specificare una condizione necessaria ma + non sufficiente e valutare attentamente se il vincolo di cardinalità + è di fatto sempre stringente (costrutti come “some”, “exactly 1”) o + meno (“max 1”, ecc.). Qualora ci siano vincoli di cardinalità più + stringenti dal punto di vista applicativo, è bene che il Contributore + consideri la possibilità di rilassare alcune restrizioni OWL definite + nell’ontologia e creare a parte un vero e proprio profilo applicativo + mediante regole SHACL, standard web pubblicato dal W3C. Questa + pratica, tra l’altro, è quella adottata da alcuni paesi europei (es. + Belgio) e dalla Commissione Europea stessa nel contesto di iniziative + di interoperabilità semantica quali i core vocabulary, l’ontologia + ePO sul’e-procurement, l'ontologia ELM – European Learning Model; + +- è opportuno modularizzare il più possibile le ontologie, più che + creare ontologie che contengono la rappresentazione di svariati + domini/tipologie di dati. L’evidente vantaggio della modularizzazione + è quello di riuscire a gestire in modo più agevole eventuali + evoluzioni future che potrebbero anche seguire diverse frequenze di + aggiornamento delle diverse tipologie di dato; + +- è opportuno utilizzare ontology design pattern e un approccio agile + alla modellazione con rilasci più frequenti e definizioni di versioni + anche instabili dell’ontologia pian piano raffinate con requisiti + nuovi fino alla versione finale. Gli ontology design pattern sono + soluzioni di modellazione già disponibili, riusabili ed efficaci che + possono essere specializzati o direttamente applicati nel dominio da + modellare e che risolvono problemi di modellazione ricorrenti (es. un + qualcosa che cambia nel tempo). Essi aiutano a ridurre l’arbitrarietà + nel design dell’ontologia e consentono di ridurre gli errori di + modellazione e quindi migliorare la qualità delle ontologie. Si + ricorda, come prima menzionato, che già le ontologie esistenti + implementano ontology design pattern che si devono riutilizzare (es. + ruoli nel tempo, oggetti che variano nel tempo, valori, ecc.); + +- è buona norma allineare l’ontologia anche ad altre ontologie + esistenti nel Web dei Dati, qualora questo sia applicabile; + +- è possibile corredare l’ontologia di una rappresentazione grafica dei + concetti e delle loro relazioni. A tale scopo i Contributori sono + liberi di utilizzare strumenti di loro preferenza. Solo a titolo + d’esempio si possono citare diagrammi di rappresentazione grafica che + utilizzano la notazione `UML `__, che possono + essere prodotti con strumenti quali diagrams.net, Visual Paradigm, + StarUML oppure che usano notazioni tecniche specifiche di disegno + ontologico come per esempio + `Graffoo `__ (che è possibile + abilitare con strumenti come + `yEd `__ oppure + `draw.io `__) o + `Graphol `__ + (che è possibile utilizzare attraverso strumenti come + `Eddy `__). + +Nuovi schemi dati +----------------- + +I nuovi schemi dati devono avere un collegamento con gli asset semantici +di tipo ontologie e vocabolari controllati, qualora questi esistano in +schema.gov.it e siano pertinenti rispetto agli attributi dello schema +dati. + +Gli schemi dati per essere sottoposti al processo di harvesting debbono +contenere due file: il file di metadati in formato RDF/Turtle, e il +modello dello schema dati in formato OpenAPI. + +In particolare, il file di metadati deve avere l’estensione .ttl e un +nome specifico, ossia “index.ttl”. + +Il file “index.ttl”, come per le ontologie, deve contenere tutti i +metadati previsti dall’ontologia +`ADMS-AP_IT `__. +Questo profilo di metadatazione si basa su DCAT-AP_IT. È l'adozione di +questo modello che consente l'harvesting anche degli schemi dati. + +Mentre il file che riporta lo schema del servizio deve avere +l'estensione .yaml (se viene utilizzata la versione 3.0 di OpenAPI si +usa oas3.yaml). + +Le sezioni principali e obbligatorie all’interno del file che riporta lo +schema del servizio sono le seguenti: + +- **info**: le informazioni iniziali riguardanti il titolo (title) e la descrizione (description) dello schema dati del servizio; + +- **components**: + + * **schemas**: vengono descritti i concetti all’interno del + servizio, definendo quali sono i concetti di input obbligatori + (required). Per ogni concetto sono dichiarate le seguenti voci: + * **type**: il tipo di dato (object, string, integer); + * **description**: si riporta la URI del concetto di riferimento; + * per i concetti di tipo object è necessario elencare le properties. + Per le properties è necessario definire il tipo di dato (type): se + si tratta di un object si riporta il riferimento al concetto, + altrimenti è necessario riportare il tipo di format e quando + richiesto il pattern; + * **x-jsonld-type**: si riporta la URI del concetto di riferimento; + * **x-jsonld-context**: + + + **‘@vocab’**: si riporta la radice della URI dell’ontologia maggiormente referenziata all’interno dello schema dati del servizio. + +Si riporta un breve esempio di seguito: + +:: + + components: + schemas: + TaxCode: + type: string + description: https://w3id.org/italia/onto/CPV/taxCode. + example: RSSMRA75L01H501A + maxLength: 16 + minLength: 11 + Person: + type: object + description: https://w3id.org/italia/onto/CPV/Person + x-jsonld-type: https://w3id.org/italia/onto/CPV/Person + x-jsonld-context: + "@vocab": https://w3id.org/italia/onto/CPV/ + tax_code: + "@id": taxCode + date_of_birth: dateOfBirth + family_name: familyName + given_name: givenName + properties: + tax_code: + $ref: "#/components/schemas/TaxCode" + date_of_birth: + format: date + type: string + pattern: ([0-9]{4})-([0-1][0-9])-([0-3][0-9]) + family_name: + type: string + given_name: + type: string diff --git a/_sources/docs/manuale-operativo/istruzioni-su-come-predisporre-il-repository-in-cui-pubblicare-le-risorse-semantiche.rst.txt b/_sources/docs/manuale-operativo/istruzioni-su-come-predisporre-il-repository-in-cui-pubblicare-le-risorse-semantiche.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0628fec --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/manuale-operativo/istruzioni-su-come-predisporre-il-repository-in-cui-pubblicare-le-risorse-semantiche.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,739 @@ +Istruzioni su come predisporre il repository in cui pubblicare le risorse semantiche +==================================================================================== + +La sezione descrive le caratteristiche principali che è bene che i +repository gestiti dai Contributori abbiano affinché vengano +correttamente acquisiti dal Catalogo, nel caso gli stessi vogliano +contribuire offrendo risorse semantiche gestite in un repository di +propria titolarità. + +Allo scopo di semplificare il controllo di qualità che i Contributori +devono effettuare sui propri repository, gli Amministratori del Catalogo +hanno reso disponibile presso il repository +https://github.com/teamdigitale/dati-semantic-cookiecutter un template +di controlli che possono essere integrati sul proprio repository, +**disattivando eventualmente alcuni hook non applicabili**, a supporto +dell’esecuzione dei controlli di qualità propedeutici alla richiesta di +iscrizione al Catalogo. Per ulteriori approfondimenti, è possibile far +riferimento al file readme del cookiecutter, nel paragrafo 'Controlli +Automatici e Test'. + +I principali controlli implementati nel template sono descritti nelle +successive sotto-sezioni. + +Struttura di base del repository +-------------------------------- + +La struttura di base del repository deve rispettare il seguente +template: + +- Ontologie: in 'assets/ontologies'; + +- Vocabolari controllati: in 'assets/controlled-vocabularies'; + +- Schemi: in 'assets/schemas'. + +Contenuto del repository +------------------------ + +I file devono essere codificati in UTF-8. + +Le risorse semantiche devono essere presenti almeno nel seguente +formato: + +- Ontologie: RDF/Turtle (media-type 'text/turtle') con estensione del + file .ttl; + +- Vocabolari controllati: RDF/Turtle (media-type 'text/turtle') con + estensione del file .ttl; + +- Schemi dati: OAS3 ('.oas3.yaml') e turtle dei metadati (file + 'index.ttl'). + +Possono essere presenti ulteriori serializzazioni (es. RDF/XML, JSON-LD, +CSV, ...) che verranno ignorate dal processo di harvesting del Catalogo. + +Possono essere presenti eventuali file di documentazione, ma solo in +formato Markdown ('.md'). + +Nomi delle cartelle e dei file +------------------------------ + +I nomi di file e directory devono rispettare il seguente pattern +``\`[A-Za-z0-9\_-.]{,64}``. + +Il nome di ciascun file deve corrispondere al nome della relativa +risorsa nell'URI utilizzato per referenziarla. + +I nomi dei file di una directory devono corrispondere al nome della +directory che li contiene, a meno dell'estensione degli stessi. + +Il controllo può essere disattivato nel caso in cui il Contributore +abbia implementato una propria soluzione per le URI stabili, oppure se +ha configurato una soluzione basata sul W3id +(`Identificativi univoci delle risorse <../manuale-operativo/identificativi-univoci-delle-risorse.html>`__) +che tratti opportunamente eventuali discrepanze tra nomi dei file, nomi delle +cartelle che li contengono e nomi delle risorse nelle relative URI. + +Proiezioni in CSV dei vocabolari controllati +-------------------------------------------- + +Le directory del vocabolario controllato possono contenere una +proiezione in formato CSV del vocabolario insieme ai metadati necessari +per mappare i campi del CSV alle risorse presenti nell’RDF. + +Nel caso in cui si voglia pubblicare anche la proiezione CSV per un +vocabolario controllato, questo deve avere la struttura di file piatto, +ossia riportare tutte le voci delle classificazioni dal primo livello al +livello di foglia. Occorre rispettare le seguenti regole: + +- generare la proiezione possibilmente mediante strumenti come JSON-LD + framing; + +- eventuali commenti nel CSV devono iniziare col carattere '#'; + +- l’header del CSV, ovvero la prima riga contenente i nomi delle + colonne, deve rispettare le seguenti regole sulla base della presenza + o meno, nella stessa directory del CSV, del file di metadati in un + frictionless data package, annotato secondo le specifiche indicate in + REST API Linked Data Keywords: + + * se presente, allora i nomi delle colonne devono essere conformi a + quanto indicato nei metadati. + * se non presente, i nomi delle colonne devono solo rispettare il + seguente pattern: ``^[a-zA-Z0-9_]{2,64}$``. + +- si suggerisce di creare la riga di header di vocabolari controllati + alberati introducendo tante colonne quanti sono i livelli secondo la + nomenclatura: codice_1_livello, label_ITA_1_livello, + label_ENG_1_livello, definizione, ... codice_n_livello, + label_ITA_n_livello, label_ENG_n_livello, definizione, NOTE (Dove 'n' + rappresenta il numero di livelli della classificazione); + +- le righe successive del CSV devono contenere i valori delle colonne + separati da ','' (virgola) e, se valori relativi a campi di tipo + stringa, racchiusi in '"' (doppie virgolette). + +I metadati di cui al precedente elenco devono essere espressi tramite un +file ‘datapackage’ con estensione ‘.json’, ‘.yaml’ o ‘.yml’. + +Nel caso in cui le voci di un vocabolario siano già presenti in un +repository triple store è possibile estrarne il contenuto con una query +SPARQL secondo il seguente formato: + +:: + + SELECT DISTINCT ?codice_1_livello ?label_1_livello_it ?label_1_livello_en ?label_1_livello_fr ?label_1_livello_de + + WHERE{ + + a skos:Concept; + + skos:notation ?codice_1_livello; + + skos:prefLabel ?label_1_livello_it; + + skos:prefLabel ?label_1_livello_en; + + skos:prefLabel ?label_1_livello_fr; + + skos:prefLabel ?label_1_livello_de. + + FILTER (LANG(?label_1_livello_it) = 'it') + + FILTER (LANG(?label_1_livello_en) = 'en') + + FILTER (LANG(?label_1_livello_fr) = 'fr') + + FILTER (LANG(?label_1_livello_de) = 'de') + + } + +Versionamento +------------- + +Le directory degli asset possono avere sub-directory per supportare il +versionamento. Il nome delle sub-directory rispetta il pattern: +``(latest|v?[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+){0,2})``. + +Una directory contenente asset non contiene contemporaneamente +sub-directory versionate con e senza il prefisso 'v' perché questo +rende impossibile ordinare le versioni. + +In `Istruzioni su come predisporre il repository <../manuale-operativo/istruzioni-su-come-predisporre-il-repository-in-cui-pubblicare-le-risorse-semantiche.html#esempi>`__ +sono contenuti alcuni esempi di versionamento delle risorse semantiche. + +Approfondimenti sugli schemi dati +--------------------------------- + +Gli schemi utilizzano delle directory versionate come descritto nel +corso del documento. + +Gli schemi per le API vengono pubblicati in formato OpenAPI, +corrispondenti ad una estensione di `JSON Schema Draft +4 `__, incorporato +nella sezione '#/components/schema' del file OAS compatibilmente con +le Linee Guida per l'interoperabilità tecnica. L’estensione del file è +'.oas3.yaml'. + +È opportuno che il file YAML contenga i riferimenti semantici descritti +nel `documento +I-D-polli-restapi-ld-keywords `__ +attraverso: + +- il campo custom 'x-jsonld-context' contenente un '@context' + JSON-LD conforme alle indicazioni contenute in JSON-LD 1.1; + +- il campo custom 'x-jsonld-type' contenente il riferimento ad un + 'rdf:type'. + +I metadati associati sono pubblicati solo in formato RDF/Turtle (media +type 'text/turtle') in un apposito file 'index.ttl', uno per ciascuno +schema dati. È opportuno che questo file sia generato automaticamente +dal documento OpenAPI. + +È possibile verificare sintatticamente gli schemi forniti utilizzando +l’\ `OpenAPI Checker `__. + +Schema bundling +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Quando si pubblica un documento OAS contenente la specifica di un’API, è +utile de-referenziare ed accorpare in un unico file tutti i riferimenti +a schemi ed operazioni. + +Questo processo viene detto +`bundling `__. + +Il prodotto sarà un singolo OAS document (es. un file YAML) utile alla +validazione sintattica e semantica dell’API. + +Questo meccanismo permette di inserire nell’IDL tutte le informazioni +semantiche necessarie a descrivere l’API in base sia ai riferimenti +ontologici che agli schemi utilizzati. + +In `Istruzioni su come predisporre il repository <../manuale-operativo/istruzioni-su-come-predisporre-il-repository-in-cui-pubblicare-le-risorse-semantiche.html#esempi>`__ +verrà fornito un caso specifico per illustrare in dettaglio il processo +di bundling. + +Schemi XSD +~~~~~~~~~~ + +Attualmente il materiale semantico pubblicato dalla UE si basa sui +formati RDF ed XSD. + +NDC non supporta il processamento di file XSD. Questi potranno essere +supportati in un secondo momento. + +In `Istruzioni su come predisporre il repository <../manuale-operativo/istruzioni-su-come-predisporre-il-repository-in-cui-pubblicare-le-risorse-semantiche.html#esempi>`__ verrà fornito un caso specifico per +illustrare in dettaglio uno schema XSD. + +Esempi +------ + +Repository +~~~~~~~~~~ + +Ad esempio, analizziamo un repository strutturato come segue: + +:: + + bash + ┌─ README.md + ├─ publiccode.yaml + | + ├─ assets/ontologies/ + │ ├─ Onto1/ + │ │ ├─ onto1.ttl + │ │ └─ onto1.rdf + │ ├─ Onto2/ + │ │ └─ README.md + │ ├─ Onto3/ + │ │ ├─ Other/ + │ │ │ └─ temp.md + │ │ └─ onto3.ttl + │ ├─ Onto4/ + │ │ └─ latest/ + │ │ ├─ onto1.ttl + │ │ └─ onto1.rdf + │ └─ notes.md + | + └─ assets/controlled-vocabularies/ + └─ ... + +Il repository non contiene schemi, quindi NDC non aggiungerà schemi al +catalogo durante l’harvesting. Questo non rappresenta un problema e non +è considerato un errore. + +I file informativi (es. README.md, notes.md) presenti sia nella radice +che nelle sottodirectory vengono ignorati durante l’harversting. + +Per quanto riguarda la directory 'Onto1/': + +- essa non contiene sotto-directory né altre directory al suo interno + ed è quindi una cartella foglia. Quindi viene processata come + potenzialmente contenente un’ontologia; + +- contiene un file RDF/Turtle che verrà processato; + +- contiene un altro file RDF, plausibilmente una serializzazione + diversa degli stessi contenuti del file .ttl in RDF/XML. Poiché il + processo di harvesting di schema utilizza solo i file di tipo + text/turtle con estensione '.ttl', questo file non è usato nel + processo stesso. + +La directory 'Onto2/' non contiene file '.ttl': questo viene +segnalato solamente come WARNING. + +La directory 'Onto3/' ha una sottodirectory, quindi non è considerata +come contenitore di ontologia, ma come directory intermedia nel cammino +per altre directory foglia: il file 'onto3.tll' è ignorato e non +processato. + +La directory 'Onto4/' contiene una sottodirectory 'latest/' che +contiene un file '.ttl', quindi viene processata come potenzialmente +contenente un’ontologia. + +Versionamento directory degli asset semantici +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +A titolo di esempio, di seguito è fornita una possibile organizzazione +delle directory sfruttando il versionamento. È importante notare che le +versioni dell’ontologia 'Car' non sono prefissate da 'v' mentre +quelle di 'Person' sono tutte prefissate da 'v'. + +:: + + bash + └── assets + ├── ontologies + │ └── Car + │ | ├── 1.3 + │ | ├── 202101 + │ | └── 4.5.6 + │ └── Person + │ ├── v1.3 + │ └── v4.5.6 + └── schemas + └── Person + └── latest + +Nell’esempio di seguito, invece, sono presenti sei esempi di path non +validi, anche perché le directory contengono contemporaneamente versioni +prefissate da 'v' che senza prefisso. + +:: + + bash + └── assets + ├── ontologies + │ └── MyOntology + │ ├── v1.4-beta + │ ├── versione 2.9 + │ ├── v4..6 + │ ├── v.3 + │ └── 4.5. + +È possibile che un repository contenga versioni precedenti delle risorse +semantiche per fini storici, al di là del versionamento supportato da +git. + +L’harvesting delle ontologie considera che le directory che contengono +ontologie possano essere versionate, non i singoli file. Questo vale +anche per le sotto-directory. + +Attualmente, il Catalogo non prende in considerazione il versionamento +delle cartelle per schemi dati e vocabolari controllati, ma per le +ontologie prende in considerazione: + +- 'latest/' se presente; + +- quella maggiore secondo il seguente ordinamento: + + * tra due versioni espresse come forme numeriche (con punti), si + segue l’ordinamento comunemente condiviso per cui i numeri a + sinistra sono i più significativi; + * qualora due versioni abbiano lunghezza diversa ma una sia prefisso + dell’altra, la più lunga viene considerata più recente; ad + esempio, v4.5 è considerata obsoleta in presenza di v4.5.2. + +Focus su alberatura per le ontologie +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Di seguito viene fornito un esempio di alberatura, comprensiva di +versionamento, contenente i file che definiscono un’ontologia. In questo +caso viene processata solo la directory 'latest/'. Nell’esempio, +l’alberatura contiene una serie di file di documentazione opzionali che +non vengono processati. + +:: + + bash + assets/ + ontologies/ + MyOntology/ + CHANGELOG.md + README.md + v1.2/ + MyOntology.ttl + MyOntology.rdf + v1.1/ + MyOntology.ttl + latest/ + MyOntology.ttl + MyOntology.rdf + LATEST.md + +Focus su alberatura per i vocabolari controllati +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Di seguito l’esempio di un’alberatura contenente un vocabolario +controllato e la sua proiezione in formato CSV generata utilizzando le +informazioni di framing indicate in 'framing.yamlld'. + +Il file 'datapackage.yaml' contiene i metadati del CSV. + +:: + + bash + assets/ + controlled-vocabulary/ + my-codelist/ + CHANGELOG.md + README.md + my-codelist.ttl + my-codelist.csv + datapackage.yaml + framing.yamlld + +Il file my-codelist.ttl contiene il vocabolario controllato in formato +RDF/Turtle. + +:: + + turtle + + @prefix skos: . + + @prefix at: . + + @prefix atold: . + + @prefix dc: . + + @prefix owl: . + + @prefix c: . + + c:ITA a skos:Concept; + + dc:identifier "ITA"; + + skos:prefLabel "Italy"@en, "Italia"@it, "Italie"@fr; + + skos:inScheme atold:country + + . + + c:DEU a skos:Concept; + + dc:identifier "DEU"; + + skos:prefLabel "Germany"@en, "Germania"@it, "Allemagne"@fr; + + skos:inScheme atold:country + + . + + c:ESP a skos:Concept; + + dc:identifier "ESP"; + + skos:prefLabel "Spain"@en, "Spagna"@it, "Espagne"@fr; + + skos:inScheme atold:country + + . + +Il my-codelist.csv contiene le proiezioni del vocabolario controllato in +formato CSV. + +:: + + csv + + # It is possible to add comments + + # metadata is into datapackage.yaml + + "id","label_en","label_it","label_fr" + + "ITA","Italy","Italia","Italie" + + "DEU","Germany","Germania","Allemagne" + + "ESP","Spain","Spagna","Espagne" + +Il file Datapackage.yaml contiene tutte le informazioni sui metadati del +file CSV. + +:: + + yaml + + # Datapackage.yaml + + profile: data-package + + resources: + + - name: my-codelist + + path: my-codelist.csv + + profile: tabular-data-resource + + dialect: + + delimiter: "," + + doubleQuote: true + + lineTerminator: "" + + schema: + + x-jsonld-type: skos:Concept + + x-jsonld-context: + + "@context": + + skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# + + dc: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ + + at: http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/authority/ + + atold: http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/ + + c: http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/country/ + + id: dc:identifier + + label_it: + + "@id": skos:prefLabel + + "@language": it + + label_en: + + "@id": skos:prefLabel + + "@language": en + + label_fr: + + "@id": skos:prefLabel + + "@language": fr + + fields: + + - name: id + + type: string + + - name: label_en + + type: string + + - name: label_it + + type: string + + - name: label_fr + + type: string + +.. _schema-bundling-1: + +Schema bundling +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Un esempio di file OAS3 metadatato con i campi 'x-jsonld-context' e +'x-jsonld-type': + +:: + + yaml + + openapi: 3.0.1 + + ... + + components: + + schemas: + + Person: + + type: object + + x-jsonld-type: "https://w3id.org/italia/onto/CPV/Person" + + x-jsonld-context: + + "@vocab": "https://w3id.org/italia/onto/CPV/" + + nome_proprio: givenName + + cognome: familyName + + properties: + + nome_proprio: {type: string, ..} + + cognome: {type: string, ..} + + ... + +Di seguito l’esempio di un’alberatura contenente uno schema. + +:: + + bash + assets/ + schemas/ + Person/ + CHANGELOG.md + README.md + person.oas3.yaml + index.ttl + +.. _schemi-xsd-1: + +Schemi XSD +~~~~~~~~~~ + +L’esempio di seguito fa riferimento al "Countries Authority Table". + +L'authority table dei paesi "Countries" viene pubblicata a partire +dall'URL su http://publications.europa.eu/resource/dataset/country +contenente i link a tutti i dataset associati e corrispondente al suo +URI. + +All'indirizzo https://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/country +si trova l'elenco dei paesi in formato RDF; sotto quell'URL ci sono i +riferimenti ai singoli paesi, eg. +https://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/country/ITA. + +Il versionamento è contenuto all'interno degli RDF e l'URL viene +dereferenziato all'ultima versione. + +Gli URI sono versionati, ad esempio +http://publications.europa.eu/resource/expression/country/20170920-0. + +Da lì è possibile individuare una lista di dataset associati ed +eventualmente localizzati: qui +https://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/07ed8d46-2b56-11e7-9412-01aa75ed71a1.0001.12/DOC_14 +la lista delle coppie codice/paese in italiano in formato XML (ATTO +table, usate per le traduzioni). + +:: + + xml + + + + Kosovo + + Aruba + + Afghanistan + + ... + +
+ +Qui una codelist (estensione ".gc") +http://publications.europa.eu/resource/distribution/country/20210616-0/xml/gc/Country.gc +contenente tutti i dati in un formato xml analogo a quello tabellare. + +:: + + xml + + + + + + + + http://publications.europa.eu/resource/dataset/country + + http://publications.europa.eu/resource/dataset/country/20210616-0 + + http://publications.europa.eu/resource/distribution/country/20210616-0/xml/gc/Country.gc + + + + + + + + Code + + + + + + + + Name + + + + + + + + engLabel + + + + + + ... + + + + + + + + + + ITA + + + + + + Italy + + + + + + Italy + + + + ... + + + +Gli stessi dati possono essere recuperati a partire da +https://data.europa.eu/data/datasets/country. diff --git a/_sources/docs/pillole-di-semantica-dei-dati.rst.txt b/_sources/docs/pillole-di-semantica-dei-dati.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9f97edd --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/pillole-di-semantica-dei-dati.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +Pillole di semantica dei dati +============================= + +Nell’ambito di un linguaggio, sia esso naturale che informatico, si +individuano due elementi essenziali: la sintassi e la semantica. Mentre +la sintassi si occupa dell’insieme di regole necessarie per costruire le +frasi del linguaggio, la semantica si focalizza sull’attribuire un +significato a ciascuna frase andando oltre l'interpretazione letterale +di singole parole. + +Nell’ambito informatico, una grossa spinta al concetto di semantica e di +semantica dei dati è stata data dall’ampia ricerca sul cosiddetto Web +Semantico o Web dei Dati. Il Web Semantico è un’evoluzione del +tradizionale Web, quest’ultimo costituito da una rete di documenti (o +pagine web), destinati prevalentemente alla consultazione da parte di +persone, tra loro collegati senza specificare alcun significato nel +collegamento. + +Nel Web Semantico si pone l’accento sui dati più che su pagine o +documenti e, attraverso l’uso degli standard aperti e consolidati del +Web, si consente un collegamento nativo tra i dati attraverso la +definizione di un loro significato esplicito, condiviso e formale. In +questo caso, il significato non è solo consultabile da persone ma anche +elaborabile da software per realizzare applicazioni innovative, anche +capaci di scoprire nuova conoscenza grazie alla navigazione dei +collegamenti e al ragionamento sul significato attribuito ai dati. + +Questa guida presenta la semantica dei dati nel Web come intesa dal Web +Semantico, già individuata nel 2012 `dalle linee guida dell’Agenzia per +l’Italia +Digitale `__ +come lo strumento per “\ *abilitare lo sviluppo di una concreta +interoperabilità semantica tra Pubbliche Amministrazioni a livello +nazionale e transfrontaliero*\ ”. + +Per realizzare quanto sopra, ci sono quattro regole di base da seguire: + +- Dare un identificativo univoco a tutte le cose del mondo (ai dati); + +- L’identificativo univoco deve essere nel Web così che le persone e i + software possano ricercare le cose attraverso i tradizionali + protocolli del Web; + +- Quando si ricerca una cosa attraverso l’identificativo univoco è + necessario fornire informazioni attraverso standard specifici quali + RDF e SPARQL (si veda sotto); + +- È necessario includere collegamenti ad altri dati esistenti nel Web + dei dati per creare valore dall’integrazione dei dati. + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 3 + :caption: Indice dei contenuti + + pillole-di-semantica-dei-dati/i-pilastri-della-semantica-dei-dati.rst diff --git a/_sources/docs/pillole-di-semantica-dei-dati/i-pilastri-della-semantica-dei-dati.rst.txt b/_sources/docs/pillole-di-semantica-dei-dati/i-pilastri-della-semantica-dei-dati.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..087129d --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/pillole-di-semantica-dei-dati/i-pilastri-della-semantica-dei-dati.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,401 @@ +I pilastri della semantica dei dati +=================================== + +Attribuire un’identità alle cose del mondo: URI(IRI) +---------------------------------------------------- + +È sempre bene strutturare i dati privilegiando l’individuazione di +entità e riducendo l’uso di descrizioni testuali (“*things, not +strings”)*. Le entità possono poi essere identificate univocamente +attraverso l’uso di identificativi univoci e persistenti a cui riferirsi +in maniera condivisa, risolvendo così il problema dell’identità anche +nell’interscambio dei dati. + +Si definisce Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) una sequenza di caratteri +che identifica univocamente e in maniera persistente nel tempo una +risorsa (nel web). Si usa il termine IRI - International Resource +Identifier quando si parla di un identificativo che consente l'utilizzo +di caratteri adatti a lingue diverse dall'inglese. + +Un esempio di URI è il seguente: +https://w3id.org/italia/lombardia/data/construction/1A060-00365. + +Esso segue le `linee guida open data per la definizione di URI univoci e +persistenti nel +tempo `__ +a cui si rimanda. + +Nella gestione degli URI, come riportato nelle suddette linee guida, si +ricorda in questo contesto che è necessario abilitare: + +- **meccanismi di “content negotiation”** nella richiesta di una + risorsa: questi consentono di rendere disponibile, allo stesso URI, + diverse rappresentazioni di una risorsa in caso di molteplici + rappresentazioni/formati della stessa; + +- **meccanismi di dereferenziazione degli URI**: se utilizzati con un + browser, gli URI devono restituire una rappresentazione web (ad + esempio una pagina web informativa) della risorsa che identificano. + +Collegare i dati con l’uso di standard aperti e condivisi +--------------------------------------------------------- + +L’uso di standard aperti e condivisi, che offrono nativamente la +possibilità di collegare dati, agevola l’interoperabilità e +l’integrazione dei dati. + +Nel contesto del Web Semantico, gli standard riportati nel seguito sono +quelli di riferimento per raggiungere questi obiettivi. + +Standard RDF – Resource Description Framework +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Le risorse web semantiche sono descritte in termini di entità, che hanno +un tipo, e di relazioni tra entità che hanno un significato. + +La forma di rappresentazione è quella della tripla +soggetto-predicato-oggetto, dove il soggetto è un nodo che ha sempre un +URI/IRI, il predicato è un arco che ha sempre un URI/IRI, l’oggetto può +essere una semplice stringa, un numero, una data, un booleano, oppure un +nodo con un URI/IRI così da diventare potenzialmente il soggetto di +un’altra tripla. Quest’ultimo meccanismo consente di concatenare triple, +creando così i presupposti per collegare i dati a formare un grafo +interconnesso di conoscenza (figura 14). + +.. figure:: ../../media/image14.png + :alt: Esempio di grafo interconnesso di conoscenza + :width: 6.10417in + :height: 2.27083in + + Esempio di grafo interconnesso di conoscenza + +Lo standard RDF, pertanto, offre un modello di rappresentazione di dati +semanticamente arricchiti e collegati nel Web e può essere serializzato +(o reso disponibile) attraverso diversi formati. + +Alcuni formati noti dello standard RDF +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +**RDF/XML** + +`RDF/XML `__ è una sintassi +XML usata per rappresentare dati espressi secondo il modello RDF. I file +RDF/XML hanno estensione .rdf. + +Un esempio di serializzazione RDF/XML, per rappresentare +un’organizzazione pubblica dal nome “Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche +– CNR” e con il suo codice IPA associato, è quello di seguito: + +:: + + + + + + + + + + Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - CNR + + cnr + + + + + +**RDF/Turtle** + +`RDF/Turtle `__ è una sintassi che +consente di rappresentare un grafo RDF in una forma di testo compatta, +ad oggetti (tutte le triple associate a un soggetto), più leggibile +anche dalle persone. + +I file RDF/Turtle hanno estensione .ttl. + +Lo stesso esempio utilizzato per la serializzazione RDF/XML è +rappresentato nel formato RDF/Turtle di seguito. + +:: + + @prefix cov: . + + a cov:PublicOrganization ; + + cov:legalName "Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - CNR"@it ; + + cov:IPACode "cnr" . + +**JSON-LD** + +`JSON-LD `__ è una sintassi JSON usata +per rappresentare dati espressi secondo il modello RDF. La sintassi è +definita per potersi integrare agevolmente nei sistemi che già +utilizzano JSON e fornisce un percorso di transizione da JSON a JSON-LD. +Nasce principalmente come un modo per utilizzare dati interconnessi in +grafi della conoscenza in ambienti di programmazione basati sul Web, per +costruire servizi Web interoperabili e per memorizzare i dati in motori +di archiviazione basati su JSON. + +I file JSON-LD hanno estensione .jsonld. + +Lo stesso esempio utilizzato per le serializzazioni RDF/XML e RDF/Turtle +è illustrato di seguito nel formato JSON-LD. + +:: + + { + + "@context": { + + "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", + + "cov": "https://w3id.org/italia/onto/COV/" + + }, + + "@id": "https://w3id.org/italia/data/organisation/cnr", + + "@type": "cov:PublicOrganization", + + "cov:IPACode": "cnr", + + "cov:legalName": { + + "@language": "it", + + "@value": "Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - CNR" + + } + + } + +Dare un significato alle cose del mondo +--------------------------------------- + +Per garantire che il significato dei dati sia preservato durante +l’interscambio è necessario esplicitare il loro significato. Questo +comporta definire, in modo più o meno articolato, tipi e relazioni tra +tipi. + +Per definire il significato dei dati si usano strumenti quali i +vocabolari controllati e/o le ontologie, descritti di seguito. + +.. _vocabolario-controllato-1: + +Vocabolario controllato +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Con il termine *vocabolario controllato* si intende un elenco +standardizzato di concetti denotati da termini di riferimento e da +codici. L’elenco è utile per organizzare, descrivere, predefinire e +indicizzare conoscenza di un dominio (e.g., il vocabolario controllato +sulla tipologia di beni culturali italiani). + +Esistono alcune tipologie di elenchi di concetti che rientrano sotto il +termine generale di “vocabolari controllati”: + +- **Lista di termini (Code List)**: Una lista di concetti identificati + da un codice e denotati da un termine; + +- **Tassonomia (Taxonomy)**: L’elenco di concetti, con i relativi + termini principali e codici, è organizzato in una struttura + gerarchia, dove le categorie più ampie possono ricomprendere + sottocategorie più ristrette (e.g., Animale – Cane, Gatto); + +- **Tesauro (Tesauri)**: L’elenco di concetti è organizzato in maniera + più articolata delle due tipologie precedenti. In un tesauro i + concetti possono essere in relazione tra loro, non solo in forma + gerarchica ma anche in forma di correlazione o per indicare che un + termine di un concetto è sinonimo di un altro termine. In generale, + un tesauro dovrebbe includere anche le definizioni associate a + ciascun concetto. + +Buona e diffusa pratica è quella di utilizzare un’ontologia per definire +vocabolari controllati di tutti i tipi. Questa ontologia è uno standard +del Web e si chiama `SKOS - Simple Knowledge Organization +System `__. + +Di seguito è riportato un estratto di uso di SKOS per definire la lista +di termini del sesso di una persona, rappresentati nel formato +RDF/Turtle. + +:: + + + + a skos:Concept ; + + skos:inScheme ; + + skos:notation "F" ; + + skos:prefLabel "Femmina"@it , "Female"@en . + +Nell’esempio, il concetto di femmina ha un URI associato ed è definito +come un concetto secondo SKOS (Concept) che si trova in un vocabolario +più ampio sul sesso (la proprietà SKOS inScheme), che ha un codice “F” +(la proprietà SKOS notation) e che ha un termine principale o preferito +(la proprietà SKOS prefLabel) espresso nelle due lingue dell’italiano e +dell’inglese. + +.. _ontologia-1: + +Ontologia +~~~~~~~~~ + +In ambito informatico, con il termine *ontologia* si intende una +specifica formale, condivisa ed esplicita di una rappresentazione +(concettualizzazione) di un dominio di conoscenza, definita sulla base +di requisiti specifici. La rappresentazione consiste nella definizione +di entità (o classi), di attributi di entità e di relazioni tra entità. + +Un’ontologia offre una semantica molto più forte di quella offerta da +semplici vocabolari controllati o da semplici dizionari: attraverso la +definizione dei suoi assiomi logici, ossia affermazioni che, andando +oltre la semplice enunciazione di principi universalmente veri, +permettono di esprimere relazioni e vincoli specifici tra entità +(classi) all'interno dell'ontologia (e.g., assiomi di equivalenza, di +disgiunzione tra membri di classi, ecc.), è possibile abilitare un +ragionamento automatico, verificare la coerenza nelle definizioni, +inferire nuova conoscenza. + +In generale, le ontologie svolgono un ruolo cruciale nella +strutturazione e gestione della conoscenza, rendendo le informazioni più +accessibili, interpretabili e utilizzabili sia dagli esseri umani che da +macchine. + +Esistono degli standard del Web che consentono di creare ontologie. Gli +standard sono: + +- `RDFS – RDF Schema `__: è un + vocabolario leggero che estende il modello RDF per descrivere + semanticamente dati RDF. Esso fornisce elementi basilari per creare + ontologie (e.g., definisce se una classe è sottoclasse di un’altra, + il dominio e codominio delle proprietà tra classi, ecc.) + +- `OWL – Web Ontology + Language: `__ è un linguaggio + per la rappresentazione della conoscenza che si basa su RDF e RDFS ma + che offre capacità più espressive per definire la semantica dei dati + (e.g., vincoli di cardinalità per specificare il numero di istanze + che una proprietà può avere, operatori logici per definire relazioni + complesse, ecc.). + +Di seguito si riporta un estratto, a titolo d’esempio, dell’ontologia +OWL sulle persone, espressa nel formato RDF/Turtle. + +:: + + ### Proprietà haSesso + + :hasSex rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + + rdfs:domain :Person ; + + rdfs:range :Sex ; + + rdfs:comment "La relazione che lega una persona al suo sesso"@it , + + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + + rdfs:label "ha sesso"@it , + + "has sex"@en . + + ### Classe Persona Fisica + + :Person rdf:type owl:Class ; + + rdfs:subClassOf + + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + + owl:onProperty :hasSex ; + + owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; + + owl:onClass :Sex + + ]; + + rdfs:comment "Un singolo essere umano che può essere vivo o morto. Secondo la definizione giuridica è ogni essere umano che assume, dal momento della nascita, lo stato di soggetto di diritto e come tale una capacità giuridica, ovvero la titolarità di diritti e doveri e l'assunzione di una posizione nelle situazioni giuridiche soggettive."@it ; + + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + + rdfs:label "Person"@en , + + "Persona fisica"@it . + +Nell’esempio esiste una proprietà tra classi haSex che collega la classe +Person (rdfs:domain) alla classe Sex (rdfs:range) ed esiste la +definizione della classe Person (owl:Class). Per la classe Person, +l’esempio fornisce anche la definizione in OWL di vincoli di +cardinalità. In particolare, si sta definendo che tutte le persone +formano un sottoinsieme di tutte le cose che hanno un sesso. + +Relazione tra ontologie e vocabolari controllati +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Da quanto sopra riportato è evidente che, sebbene le ontologie e i +vocabolari controllati consentano di dare un significato ai dati e +possano essere entrambi definiti per rappresentare la conoscenza di un +certo dominio di interesse, il livello di profondità semantica offerta +dai due strumenti è diverso. + +La figura 15 mostra il grado di profondità semantico offerto dai +vocabolari controllati, di diverso tipo, rispetto alle ontologie. + +.. figure:: ../../media/image15.png + :alt: Livelli di espressività semantica + :width: 3.42708in + :height: 2.70833in + + Livelli di espressività semantica + +Dare la possibilità di interrogare i dati +----------------------------------------- + +Nell’ambito della semantica, è necessario fornire strumenti che +consentano di interrogare i dati, sia in un’interazione di tipo +persona-macchina che in una di tipo macchina-macchina. + +Lo Standard SPARQL - SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Nel contesto di dati semanticamente arricchiti ed espressi nella forma +di triple, esiste uno standard orientato ai dati che permette di +navigarli e interrogarli, anche se provenienti da sorgenti diverse e +distribuite sulla rete (interrogazioni federate). Lo standard è +`SPARQL `__ ed è sia un +linguaggio per l’interrogazione di grafi RDF simile a SQL, sia un +protocollo. Quest’ultimo aspetto rende SPARQL uno standard attraverso +cui è possibile trasmettere interrogazioni e aggiornamenti SPARQL a un +servizio di elaborazione SPARQL che restituisce i risultati via HTTP +all’applicazione cliente che li ha richiesti, abilitando così +un’interazione macchina-macchina su protocollo HTTP. + +Un esempio di interrogazione SPARQL è quello di seguito: essa consente +di ottenere tutti gli URI dei concetti, le etichette principali in tutte +le lingue, se esistenti, e i codici del vocabolario controllato sul +sesso. + +:: + + PREFIX skos: + + select ?concetto ?etichetta ?codice + + where { + + ?concetto a skos:Concept ; + + skos:inScheme ; + + skos:prefLabel ?etichetta ; + + skos:notation ?codice . + + } diff --git a/_sources/docs/premesse.rst.txt b/_sources/docs/premesse.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..70e720f --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/premesse.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +Premesse +======== + +La sezione contiene informazioni sulla struttura e sullo +sviluppo collaborativo della presente guida, e sul contesto, +lo scopo e il contenuto del Catalogo. + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 3 + :caption: Indice dei contenuti + + premesse/struttura-nella-presente-guida.rst + premesse/sviluppo-collaborativo-della-guida-al-catalogo.rst + premesse/la-semantica-dei-dati-della-pa.rst + premesse/cosè-il-catalogo.rst + premesse/scopo-del-catalogo.rst + premesse/riferimenti-normativi.rst + premesse/contenuti-del-catalogo.rst + premesse/scelta-degli-identificativi-univoci-nel-web.rst diff --git a/_sources/docs/premesse/contenuti-del-catalogo.rst.txt b/_sources/docs/premesse/contenuti-del-catalogo.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c484538 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/premesse/contenuti-del-catalogo.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +Contenuti del Catalogo +====================== + +Il Catalogo raccoglie in `schema.gov.it `__ +le risorse semantiche già pubblicate dalle singole pubbliche +amministrazioni, di cui gli stessi enti sono gli unici titolari, +mantenendo così la responsabilità in merito al contenuto. Le tipologie +di risorse semantiche supportate dal Catalogo sono: + +- **ontologie**, ovvero la rappresentazione formale, condivisa ed + esplicita, di un dominio della conoscenza; + +- **vocabolari controllati**, liste, tassonomie, glossari e tesauri di + termini e codici utilizzati per valorizzare concetti, indicizzare e + recuperare informazioni; + +- **schemi di API** creati dagli enti per descrivere, riferendosi alle + ontologie e ai vocabolari controllati, le interfacce di programmazione + delle applicazioni, il cui elenco è fornito dalla PDND. + +Per ulteriori dettagli sulle classificazioni delle risorse semantiche, +fare riferimento alle `Pillole di semantica dei dati <../pillole-di-semantica-dei-dati.html>`__ + +Il Catalogo può essere esteso con nuove risorse, così da aumentare le +possibilità di riuso dei concetti semantici, ad esempio, nell’ambito di +sviluppo degli e-service erogati dalle pubbliche amministrazioni, e +conseguentemente favorire la crescita dell’interoperabilità semantica +nel settore pubblico. + +È buona pratica, prima di proporre nuove risorse semantiche, esplorare +le risorse nel Catalogo tramite +portale \ `schema.gov.it `__. Nel caso in cui il +dominio di appartenenza delle risorse che il Contributore vuole +modellare sia già presente a catalogo, ma vi sia l’esigenza di +rappresentare una nuova entità e/o proprietà di un’entità presente in +esso, il Contributore potrà valutare di estendere quanto presente per +rispondere alla proprie esigenze di modellazione oppure "*l'opportunità +di definire/aggiornare delle entità e/o proprietà a livello nazionale*" +(cfr. `Linee Guida sull’interoperabilità tecnica delle Pubbliche +Amministrazioni `__). +Per ulteriori dettagli in merito, fare riferimento alla `sezione +dedicata <../come-contribuire/attività-propedeutiche-alla-contribuzione-al-catalogo.html>`__. + +Creazione e gestione dei repository per le risorse semantiche +------------------------------------------------------------- + +Considerato il funzionamento di harvesting di Schema, ovvero il processo +di acquisizione dei contenuti semantici e conseguente caricamento sul +Catalogo (rif. `Raccolta e memorizzazione dei dati semantici <../funzionamento-generale/raccolta-e-memorizzazione-dei-dati-semantici.html>`__) +è necessario che ogni Contributore crei o abbia già a disposizione un +repository da cui esporre le proprie risorse semantiche che saranno, +quindi, raccolte in schema.gov.it come descritto nel +`manuale operativo <../manuale-operativo/istruzioni-su-come-predisporre-il-repository-in-cui-pubblicare-le-risorse-semantiche.html>`__. + +Quando chiedere semantic stewardship ad Istat +--------------------------------------------- + +In qualità di Soggetto Attuatore del Progetto, l’Istat offre alle +pubbliche amministrazioni interessate a pubblicare risorse semantiche +nel Catalogo, una semantic stewardship finalizzata alla creazione di +risorse in linea con i propri standard. In questo caso, il Contributore +sceglie di affidare all’Istat l’analisi concettuale del proprio dominio +di interesse e la conseguente rappresentazione in modelli di dati oppure +definire concettualmente, secondo quanto indicato in `La semantica dei dati della PA <../premesse/la-semantica-dei-dati-della-pa.html>`__ +e `Scopo del Catalogo <../premesse/scopo-del-catalogo.html>`__. +la semantica del proprio dominio e richiedere la modellazione ontologica +e/o la definizione di vocabolari controllati e/o la definizione di +schemi dati. + +Tale modalità è da scegliere nel caso in cui il Contributore abbia +necessità di supporto per la creazione delle risorse semantiche relative +ai propri dati. In questo caso, il Contributore si interfaccerà +direttamente con l’Istat al fine di individuare i contenuti da +pubblicare sul Catalogo; le attività di strutturazione sintattica e +semantica dei contenuti saranno curate da l’Istat, col supporto del +Contributore. Il Contributore, in quanto responsabile dei contenuti +semantici relativi ai propri dati, dovrà approvare, nel caso di +ontologie, le definizioni dei concetti e delle loro relazioni, mentre, +nel caso di vocabolari controllati, dovrà fornire la classificazione ed +eventualmente la sua gerarchia nel caso di vocabolari più articolati in +un formato strutturato (ad esempio CSV) che riporti: il livello di +gerarchia, la relazione gerarchica padre-figlio, la codifica, il lemma e +la descrizione delle singole voci di classificazione in italiano, in +inglese e in altre lingue se necessario per i fini del dominio in +oggetto. Invece, nel caso di un e-service, dovrà fornire documentazione +descrittiva del servizio e nello specifico dell’input e dell’output +dello stesso. + +Riguardo all’individuazione del dominio degli URI e del repository, il +Contributore sarà supportato dall’Istat nella scelta tra le alternative +descritte in +`Scelta degli identificativi univoci nel web <../premesse/scelta-degli-identificativi-univoci-nel-web.html>`__. diff --git "a/_sources/docs/premesse/cos\303\250-il-catalogo.rst.txt" "b/_sources/docs/premesse/cos\303\250-il-catalogo.rst.txt" new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7135a67 --- /dev/null +++ "b/_sources/docs/premesse/cos\303\250-il-catalogo.rst.txt" @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +Cos’è il Catalogo +================= + +La trasformazione digitale della Pubblica Amministrazione è tra le +priorità dell’UE e, per la sua realizzazione, è necessario, dunque, +perseguire l’interoperabilità nell’ambito del settore pubblico. +L’interoperabilità consente la condivisione delle informazioni e delle +conoscenze garantendo che i dati possano essere scambiati senza +criticità. Tra i livelli di interoperabilità, l’\ *European +Interoperability Framework* (EIF 2017) individua anche la dimensione +semantica ossia il requisito che garantisce che il formato e il +significato dei dati e delle informazioni scambiate siano preservati e +compresi in qualsiasi scambio tra le parti. L’obiettivo è il riutilizzo +del patrimonio informativo pubblico al fine di garantire l’attuazione +del principio *once only* nei rapporti tra pubbliche amministrazioni e +destinatari dei relativi servizi. Una simile prospettiva si concretizza +con la predisposizione di *e-service* finalizzati, appunto, ad allungare +il ciclo di vita dei dati amministrativi fino al loro riutilizzo tramite +interscambio sulla PDND. Nel quadro nazionale, le Linee Guida per +l’interoperabilità tecnica delle pubbliche amministrazioni +(determinazione AGID n. 547/2021) individuano le tecnologie e gli +standard che le pubbliche amministrazioni devono tenere in +considerazione durante la realizzazione dei propri sistemi informatici, +al fine di permettere il coordinamento informativo e informatico dei +dati del settore pubblico. + +Nell’ambito degli investimenti del Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e +Resilienza, il Dipartimento per la Trasformazione Digitale, come +**soggetto titolare** dell’intervento “Catalogo nazionale dati” M1C1 sub +investimento 1.3.1 PNRR, e l’Istat, come **soggetto attuatore**, hanno +stipulato un accordo per la realizzazione del Catalogo Nazionale per +l’interoperabilità semantica. L’Istat garantisce il coordinamento e la +realizzazione operativa del Catalogo; le pubbliche amministrazioni sono +responsabili delle risorse semantiche (ontologie, vocabolari controllati +e schemi dati) relative ai propri dati e pubblicate nel Catalogo. + +Il Catalogo, accessibile tramite schema.gov.it, è frutto della +collaborazione tra la Presidenza del Consiglio dei ministri, l’Istat, +AGID, ISTC-CNR e PagoPA. diff --git a/_sources/docs/premesse/la-semantica-dei-dati-della-pa.rst.txt b/_sources/docs/premesse/la-semantica-dei-dati-della-pa.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..56ac087 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/premesse/la-semantica-dei-dati-della-pa.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +La semantica dei dati della PA +============================== + +L’obiettivo di migliorare i servizi resi al cittadino mediante il pieno +sfruttamento del patrimonio informativo pubblico rende sempre più chiara +l’esigenza di “\ *abilitare lo sviluppo di una concreta interoperabilità +semantica tra Pubbliche Amministrazioni a livello nazionale e +transfrontaliero*\ ” (cfr. `Linee Guida per l’Interoperabilità Semantica +attraverso i Linked Open Data, Commissione di coordinamento SPC - +2012) `__. +L’interoperabilità semantica è un collegamento nativo tra i dati +attraverso la definizione di un loro significato esplicito, condiviso ed +espresso in un linguaggio formale. Solo assicurando l’interoperabilità +semantica si rende possibile, nell’ambito di un interscambio di dati, +una condivisione immediata delle informazioni e della conoscenza; +viceversa, senza interoperabilità semantica, non vi è certezza che tutti +i soggetti partecipanti allo scambio informativo concordino +sull’attribuire a un determinato dato un unico significato. + +Con specifico riferimento ai dati della PA, la semantica assume +caratteri peculiari dettati dal fatto che le relative entità concettuali +cui i dati si riferiscono (ad es., persona anagraficamente residente, +persona fiscalmente residente, reddito, contribuente, imprenditore, +società, azienda ecc.) in molti casi devono essere definite con il +filtro dell’ordinamento giuridico che le ha create: ad esempio, +imprenditore, società e azienda non sono entità del mondo naturale, ma +tre distinte entità giuridiche la cui semantica è contenuta nelle +relative fonti normative. Del resto, i dati pubblici vengono prodotti +dai relativi procedimenti amministrativi regolati dal principio di +legalità. + +Nell’ambito di una strategia ispirata ai linked open data (LOD), +inoltre, la condivisione delle informazioni non solo è immediata, ma +anche automatica nella misura in cui il significato non è solo +consultabile da persone ma anche elaborabile da software per realizzare +applicazioni innovative, anche capaci di scoprire nuova conoscenza +grazie alla navigazione dei collegamenti e al ragionamento sul +significato attribuito ai dati (*automatic reasoning*). + +In un contesto in cui la Piattaforma Digitale Nazionale dati (PDND) +abilita l’interscambio automatico di dati tra le pubbliche +amministrazioni, il Catalogo persegue l’interoperabilità semantica dei +dati della PA al fine di rendere preventivamente consapevoli i fruitori +della PDND circa il significato dei dati erogati con gli e-service. + +Nel processo di perseguimento dell’interoperabilità semantica tramite +linked open data, si distinguono, dunque, due componenti: la preliminare +analisi concettuale dei dati condotta alla luce dell’impianto normativo +di riferimento e finalizzata a rendere disponibile la conoscenza e, +dall’altra, l’organizzazione (vocabolari controllati) e la +rappresentazione (ontologie) della conoscenza così acquisita al fine di +renderla *machine readable*. + +Per approfondire la semantica dei dati fare riferimento alle `Pillole di semantica dei dati <../pillole-di-semantica-dei-dati.html>`__. diff --git a/_sources/docs/premesse/riferimenti-normativi.rst.txt b/_sources/docs/premesse/riferimenti-normativi.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b4d4ea0 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/premesse/riferimenti-normativi.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +Riferimenti normativi +===================== + +L’interoperabilità semantica nella pubblica amministrazione è un +obiettivo dell’UE e nazionale. A livello europeo, la Commissione ha +raccolto alcune raccomandazioni nello `European Interoperability +Framework `__\ , +punto di riferimento per fonti normative UE come la \ `Direttiva (UE) +2019/1024 sugli open +data `__\ , +il \ `Regolamento (UE) 2023/138 sui dati di elevato +valore `__\ , +il \ `Regolamento (UE) 2018/1724 sullo sportello digitale +unico `__\ e +il \ `Regolamento (UE) 2022/1463 sul sistema tecnico per l’applicazione +del principio “\ una +tantum” `__; +nel quadro nazionale, è il +`CAD `__ +a tracciare le direttrici normative sulle cui basi vengono adottati atti +programmatici come il `Piano triennale per +l’informatica `__, +nel quale si indica che, per favorire lo scambio di informazioni tra +pubbliche amministrazioni, è necessario definire una data governance per +armonizzare e standardizzare codici e nomenclature ricorrenti, +identificare e definire modelli di dati (ontologie e vocabolari +controllati) condivisi. In questo modo, il Catalogo favorisce +l’uniformità dei dati trasversali, come persone, organizzazioni, servizi +e luoghi, modellando dati e metadati di domini applicativi specifici. + +Ulteriori riferimenti per il Catalogo sono: + +- `Linee Guida sull’interoperabilità tecnica delle Pubbliche Amministrazioni `__ + +- `Linee Guida per l’Interoperabilità Semantica attraverso i Linked Open Data `__ + +- `Linee guida di design per i siti internet e i servizi digitali della PA `__ diff --git a/_sources/docs/premesse/scelta-degli-identificativi-univoci-nel-web.rst.txt b/_sources/docs/premesse/scelta-degli-identificativi-univoci-nel-web.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b330f84 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/premesse/scelta-degli-identificativi-univoci-nel-web.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +Scelta degli identificativi univoci nel Web +============================================ + +Per individuare univocamente tutti gli elementi (entità, attributi di +entità, relazioni tra entità) che compongono le risorse semantiche che +il Contributore intende creare e registrare nel catalogo, occorre +definire degli URI/IRI persistenti nel tempo +(rif, `manuale operativo <../manuale-operativo/identificativi-univoci-delle-risorse.html>`__). + +A tal fine, il Contributore può scegliere una tra le seguenti opzioni: + +- **Utilizzare il servizio w3id.org del W3C** Permanent Identifier + Community Group, per la registrazione di identificativi permanenti a + partire dai quali reindirizzare verso URL specifici come spiegato nel + `manuale operativo <../manuale-operativo/identificativi-univoci-delle-risorse.html>`__. + In questo caso le opzioni possono essere: + + * **w3id/dominio_specifico**: il Contributore avrà piena autonomia + nella gestione degli URI. Il Consorzio di società che amministra + w3id.org ha definito la seguente pratica: "la pratica attuale [di + w3id.org] è quella di rivendicare un nome di directory di primo + livello e aggiungere identificatori di secondo livello specifici + del progetto. Non esiste un elenco o una politica ufficiale per + gli identificatori riservati. Tuttavia, gli amministratori possono + rifiutare richieste di identificatori troppo generici, che + potrebbero causare confusione, inappropriati o offensivi o che + potrebbero comunque essere necessari per future espansioni del + servizio”. Questa soluzione è stata adottata dal + `progetto sui dati aperti della zootecnia italiana LEO `__. + + * **w3id.org/italia**: il Contributore dovrà ricevere l'approvazione + a contribuire al dominio “Italia” da parte dei relativi + amministratori (DTD-Dipartimento per la Trasformazione Digitale) + non dovendo, al tempo stesso, provvedere all’organizzazione dei + reindirizzamenti; in questo caso, il Contributore beneficerà delle + soluzioni di content negotiation e URI dereferentiation già + incluse. La scelta del dominio w3id.org/italia comporta, inoltre, + necessariamente l’archiviazione delle proprie risorse semantiche + nell' + `apposito repository `__. + gestito dal DTD; dunque, ogni operazione (inserimento, + aggiornamento, modifica) da compiersi in tale repository github è + subordinata all’approvazione dei suoi amministratori. Questa + soluzione è stata adottata per alcune ontologie di respiro + nazionale come l’ontologia Learning del Ministero dell’Università + e della Ricerca o l’ontologia RPO sulla popolazione residente del + Ministero dell’Interno. + + * **w3id.org/italia/dominio_specifico**: il Contributore dovrà + ricevere l’approvazione degli amministratori di w3id.org/italia + (DTD – Dipartimento per la Trasformazione Digitale) per la + denominazione degli identificatori di secondo livello, ossia la + denominazione nelle URI del dominio specifico. La denominazione + del dominio specifico dovrà rispettare quanto indicato nelle + `Linee guida open data `__ + (sezione 7.1.3 pagina 114, 115) adottata da Agid con + Determinazione n. 183/2023. In questo caso, il contributore dovrà + configurare e gestire in autonomia il repository che conterrà le + risorse semantiche del proprio dominio. Ad esempio, questa + soluzione è stata adottata da + `INPS `__, + `INAIL `__, + `Regione Lombardia `__. + Inoltre, il Contributore + potrà scegliere se utilizzare la soluzione di *URI + dereferentiation* gestita dal Catalogo, o se usare una soluzione + gestita in autonomia, così come nel caso di + `ISPRA `__. + +- **Utilizzare URI registrate in un proprio dominio** per gestire + autonomamente gli identificatori delle risorse semantiche da + pubblicare su schema.gov.it: in questo caso, il Contributore + garantisce la persistenza degli identificatori nel tempo essendo + completamente autonomo nella gestione degli URI. Questa opzione è + stata adottata dal + `Ministero della Cultura (MiC) `__ + nella definizione delle risorse + semantiche dell’Ontologia Cultural-ON dei Luoghi della Cultura e + degli Eventi Culturali. diff --git a/_sources/docs/premesse/scopo-del-catalogo.rst.txt b/_sources/docs/premesse/scopo-del-catalogo.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6045f45 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/premesse/scopo-del-catalogo.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +Scopo del Catalogo +================== + +Il Catalogo intende contribuire e agevolare l’interoperabilità tra le +basi di dati di enti diversi con la progettazione e implementazione di +una semantica condivisa che supporta la definizione di servizi digitali. +Uno dei suoi possibili utilizzi è quello di abilitare la ricerca e il +riuso di risorse semantiche (i.e., ontologie, schemi dati e vocabolari +controllati) per lo sviluppo di API (*Application Programming +Interface)* sulla PDND, che siano semanticamente e sintatticamente +interoperabili grazie a standard specifici come RDF e i servizi REST, +rispettivamente, contenuti nel Catalogo. + +Un prerequisito per la costruzione del catalogo è la creazione di +rappresentazioni formali del significato dei dati della PA fondata su +un’analisi dei concetti utilizzati e che consideri attentamente la +particolare natura degli stessi. Una parte preponderante del patrimonio +informativo pubblico è costituita da dati generati nello svolgimento di +procedimenti amministrativi che corrispondono, dunque, ad entità anche +dell’ordinamento giuridico e relative relazioni tra esse. In tal caso, +la chiave di lettura necessaria per le analisi concettuali dei dati +amministrativi sono le classificazioni giuridiche. + +Tale metodo consente di perseguire un’armonizzazione semantica anche in +un contesto “federato” come quello del Catalogo, in cui vengono raccolte +risorse semantiche gestite dai singoli enti, che designeremo come +Contributori al Catalogo. Questo approccio garantisce la condivisione +del significato dei dati e, quindi, di un appropriato livello semantico +di interoperabilità. diff --git a/_sources/docs/premesse/struttura-nella-presente-guida.rst.txt b/_sources/docs/premesse/struttura-nella-presente-guida.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a33e515 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/premesse/struttura-nella-presente-guida.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +Struttura nella presente guida +============================== + +La presente guida, dopo una breve introduzione sul ruolo della semantica +dei dati nell’ambito dell’interscambio informativo tra le pubbliche +amministrazioni, fornisce indicazioni ai Contributori su come +contribuire all’alimentazione del Catalogo, descrive le modalità di +fruizione delle risorse semantiche tramite il portale (schema.gov.it) e +dettaglia in un manuale operativo gli aspetti tecnici a supporto della +contribuzione e comprensione del contenuto del Catalogo. + +Se sei un Contributore ti consigliamo di leggere approfonditamente +`Come contribuire <../come-contribuire.html>`__\ per comprendere il +processo di iscrizione al Catalogo, e il `Manuale operativo <../manuale-operativo.html>`__ +per reperire le indicazioni tecniche a supporto dello stesso. + +Se sei uno sviluppatore di e-services, un ricercatore o un qualsiasi +utente interessato a fruire dei contenuti semantici ti consigliamo di +consultare `Come utilizzare le risorse <../come-utilizzare-le-risorse.html>`__. + +Se vuoi contribuire al miglioramento e integrazione della presente guida, +ti consigliamo di leggere +`Sviluppo collaborativo della guida al Catalogo <../premesse/sviluppo-collaborativo-della-guida-al-catalogo.html>`__ diff --git a/_sources/docs/premesse/sviluppo-collaborativo-della-guida-al-catalogo.rst.txt b/_sources/docs/premesse/sviluppo-collaborativo-della-guida-al-catalogo.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ec21114 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/docs/premesse/sviluppo-collaborativo-della-guida-al-catalogo.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +Sviluppo collaborativo della Guida al Catalogo +============================================== + +La presente guida è un documento pubblico, e chiunque può partecipare +al processo di revisione e aggiornamento aprendo issue (per le +discussioni) e pull request (per le proposte) sul `repository +sorgente `__ +che ne ospita i contenuti in file rst. + +Le modifiche al contenuto possono essere applicate direttamente tramite gli +strumenti editor e preview integrati in Github; una volta completate, occorrerà +fare commit delle modifiche, creare una pull request e attendere la revisione +della stessa da parte degli amministratori del repository. + +`Qui `__ è +disponibile una guida alla sintassi RST. + +Altre risorse per l’editing in formato .rst: + +- `Editor per il testo `__ + +- `Editor per le tabelle `__ + +- `Altro `__ diff --git a/_sources/index.rst.txt b/_sources/index.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c4b8310 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/index.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +Guida al Catalogo ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +Documento di guida +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +La presente guida è uno strumento dedicato alle Pubbliche Amministrazioni che +vogliano fruire e/o contribuire all'alimentazione dei contenuti semantici del +Catalogo, e più in generale ai potenziali utenti del portale +`schema.gov.it `__. + +Per le indicazioni su come esplorare la guida, fai riferimento alla +`sezione dedicata `__. + +Per le definizioni dei concetti semantici affrontati nel corso della guida, +fai riferimento alle `Pillole di semantica dei dati `__. + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 3 + :numbered: + + docs/premesse.rst + docs/funzionamento-generale.rst + docs/come-contribuire.rst + docs/come-utilizzare-le-risorse.rst + docs/manuale-operativo.rst + docs/pillole-di-semantica-dei-dati.rst diff --git a/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js b/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8549469 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js @@ -0,0 +1,134 @@ +/* + * _sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js + * ~~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Compatability shim for jQuery and underscores.js. + * + * WILL BE REMOVED IN Sphinx 6.0 + * xref RemovedInSphinx60Warning + * + */ + +/** + * select a different prefix for underscore + */ +$u = _.noConflict(); + + +/** + * small helper function to urldecode strings + * + * See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/decodeURIComponent#Decoding_query_parameters_from_a_URL + */ +jQuery.urldecode = function(x) { + if (!x) { + return x + } + return decodeURIComponent(x.replace(/\+/g, ' ')); +}; + +/** + * small helper function to urlencode strings + */ +jQuery.urlencode = encodeURIComponent; + +/** + * This function returns the parsed url parameters of the + * current request. Multiple values per key are supported, + * it will always return arrays of strings for the value parts. + */ +jQuery.getQueryParameters = function(s) { + if (typeof s === 'undefined') + s = document.location.search; + var parts = s.substr(s.indexOf('?') + 1).split('&'); + var result = {}; + for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) { + var tmp = parts[i].split('=', 2); + var key = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[0]); + var value = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[1]); + if (key in result) + result[key].push(value); + else + result[key] = [value]; + } + return result; +}; + +/** + * highlight a given string on a jquery object by wrapping it in + * span elements with the given class name. + */ +jQuery.fn.highlightText = function(text, className) { + function highlight(node, addItems) { + if (node.nodeType === 3) { + var val = node.nodeValue; + var pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text); + if (pos >= 0 && + !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass(className) && + !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass("nohighlight")) { + var span; + var isInSVG = jQuery(node).closest("body, svg, foreignObject").is("svg"); + if (isInSVG) { + span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan"); + } else { + span = document.createElement("span"); + span.className = className; + } + span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length))); + node.parentNode.insertBefore(span, node.parentNode.insertBefore( + document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)), + node.nextSibling)); + node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos); + if (isInSVG) { + var rect = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "rect"); + var bbox = node.parentElement.getBBox(); + rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x; + rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y; + rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width; + rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height; + rect.setAttribute('class', className); + addItems.push({ + "parent": node.parentNode, + "target": rect}); + } + } + } + else if (!jQuery(node).is("button, select, textarea")) { + jQuery.each(node.childNodes, function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + } + } + var addItems = []; + var result = this.each(function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + for (var i = 0; i < addItems.length; ++i) { + jQuery(addItems[i].parent).before(addItems[i].target); + } + return result; +}; + +/* + * backward compatibility for jQuery.browser + * This will be supported until firefox bug is fixed. + */ +if (!jQuery.browser) { + jQuery.uaMatch = function(ua) { + ua = ua.toLowerCase(); + + var match = /(chrome)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(webkit)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(opera)(?:.*version|)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(msie) ([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + ua.indexOf("compatible") < 0 && /(mozilla)(?:.*? rv:([\w.]+)|)/.exec(ua) || + []; + + return { + browser: match[ 1 ] || "", + version: match[ 2 ] || "0" + }; + }; + jQuery.browser = {}; + jQuery.browser[jQuery.uaMatch(navigator.userAgent).browser] = true; +} diff --git a/_static/base-stemmer.js b/_static/base-stemmer.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ca6cca1 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/base-stemmer.js @@ -0,0 +1,294 @@ +/**@constructor*/ +BaseStemmer = function() { + this.setCurrent = function(value) { + this.current = value; + this.cursor = 0; + this.limit = this.current.length; + this.limit_backward = 0; + this.bra = this.cursor; + this.ket = this.limit; + }; + + this.getCurrent = function() { + return this.current; + }; + + this.copy_from = function(other) { + this.current = other.current; + this.cursor = other.cursor; + this.limit = other.limit; + this.limit_backward = other.limit_backward; + this.bra = other.bra; + this.ket = other.ket; + }; + + this.in_grouping = function(s, min, max) { + if (this.cursor >= this.limit) return false; + var ch = this.current.charCodeAt(this.cursor); + if (ch > max || ch < min) return false; + ch -= min; + if ((s[ch >>> 3] & (0x1 << (ch & 0x7))) == 0) return false; + this.cursor++; + return true; + }; + + this.in_grouping_b = function(s, min, max) { + if (this.cursor <= this.limit_backward) return false; + var ch = this.current.charCodeAt(this.cursor - 1); + if (ch > max || ch < min) return false; + ch -= min; + if ((s[ch >>> 3] & (0x1 << (ch & 0x7))) == 0) return false; + this.cursor--; + return true; + }; + + this.out_grouping = function(s, min, max) { + if (this.cursor >= this.limit) return false; + var ch = this.current.charCodeAt(this.cursor); + if (ch > max || ch < min) { + this.cursor++; + return true; + } + ch -= min; + if ((s[ch >>> 3] & (0X1 << (ch & 0x7))) == 0) { + this.cursor++; + return true; + } + return false; + }; + + this.out_grouping_b = function(s, min, max) { + if (this.cursor <= this.limit_backward) return false; + var ch = this.current.charCodeAt(this.cursor - 1); + if (ch > max || ch < min) { + this.cursor--; + return true; + } + ch -= min; + if ((s[ch >>> 3] & (0x1 << (ch & 0x7))) == 0) { + this.cursor--; + return true; + } + return false; + }; + + this.eq_s = function(s) + { + if (this.limit - this.cursor < s.length) return false; + if (this.current.slice(this.cursor, this.cursor + s.length) != s) + { + return false; + } + this.cursor += s.length; + return true; + }; + + this.eq_s_b = function(s) + { + if (this.cursor - this.limit_backward < s.length) return false; + if (this.current.slice(this.cursor - s.length, this.cursor) != s) + { + return false; + } + this.cursor -= s.length; + return true; + }; + + /** @return {number} */ this.find_among = function(v) + { + var i = 0; + var j = v.length; + + var c = this.cursor; + var l = this.limit; + + var common_i = 0; + var common_j = 0; + + var first_key_inspected = false; + + while (true) + { + var k = i + ((j - i) >>> 1); + var diff = 0; + var common = common_i < common_j ? common_i : common_j; // smaller + // w[0]: string, w[1]: substring_i, w[2]: result, w[3]: function (optional) + var w = v[k]; + var i2; + for (i2 = common; i2 < w[0].length; i2++) + { + if (c + common == l) + { + diff = -1; + break; + } + diff = this.current.charCodeAt(c + common) - w[0].charCodeAt(i2); + if (diff != 0) break; + common++; + } + if (diff < 0) + { + j = k; + common_j = common; + } + else + { + i = k; + common_i = common; + } + if (j - i <= 1) + { + if (i > 0) break; // v->s has been inspected + if (j == i) break; // only one item in v + + // - but now we need to go round once more to get + // v->s inspected. This looks messy, but is actually + // the optimal approach. + + if (first_key_inspected) break; + first_key_inspected = true; + } + } + do { + var w = v[i]; + if (common_i >= w[0].length) + { + this.cursor = c + w[0].length; + if (w.length < 4) return w[2]; + var res = w[3](this); + this.cursor = c + w[0].length; + if (res) return w[2]; + } + i = w[1]; + } while (i >= 0); + return 0; + }; + + // find_among_b is for backwards processing. Same comments apply + this.find_among_b = function(v) + { + var i = 0; + var j = v.length + + var c = this.cursor; + var lb = this.limit_backward; + + var common_i = 0; + var common_j = 0; + + var first_key_inspected = false; + + while (true) + { + var k = i + ((j - i) >> 1); + var diff = 0; + var common = common_i < common_j ? common_i : common_j; + var w = v[k]; + var i2; + for (i2 = w[0].length - 1 - common; i2 >= 0; i2--) + { + if (c - common == lb) + { + diff = -1; + break; + } + diff = this.current.charCodeAt(c - 1 - common) - w[0].charCodeAt(i2); + if (diff != 0) break; + common++; + } + if (diff < 0) + { + j = k; + common_j = common; + } + else + { + i = k; + common_i = common; + } + if (j - i <= 1) + { + if (i > 0) break; + if (j == i) break; + if (first_key_inspected) break; + first_key_inspected = true; + } + } + do { + var w = v[i]; + if (common_i >= w[0].length) + { + this.cursor = c - w[0].length; + if (w.length < 4) return w[2]; + var res = w[3](this); + this.cursor = c - w[0].length; + if (res) return w[2]; + } + i = w[1]; + } while (i >= 0); + return 0; + }; + + /* to replace chars between c_bra and c_ket in this.current by the + * chars in s. + */ + this.replace_s = function(c_bra, c_ket, s) + { + var adjustment = s.length - (c_ket - c_bra); + this.current = this.current.slice(0, c_bra) + s + this.current.slice(c_ket); + this.limit += adjustment; + if (this.cursor >= c_ket) this.cursor += adjustment; + else if (this.cursor > c_bra) this.cursor = c_bra; + return adjustment; + }; + + this.slice_check = function() + { + if (this.bra < 0 || + this.bra > this.ket || + this.ket > this.limit || + this.limit > this.current.length) + { + return false; + } + return true; + }; + + this.slice_from = function(s) + { + var result = false; + if (this.slice_check()) + { + this.replace_s(this.bra, this.ket, s); + result = true; + } + return result; + }; + + this.slice_del = function() + { + return this.slice_from(""); + }; + + this.insert = function(c_bra, c_ket, s) + { + var adjustment = this.replace_s(c_bra, c_ket, s); + if (c_bra <= this.bra) this.bra += adjustment; + if (c_bra <= this.ket) this.ket += adjustment; + }; + + this.slice_to = function() + { + var result = ''; + if (this.slice_check()) + { + result = this.current.slice(this.bra, this.ket); + } + return result; + }; + + this.assign_to = function() + { + return this.current.slice(0, this.limit); + }; +}; diff --git a/_static/basic.css b/_static/basic.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4e9a9f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/basic.css @@ -0,0 +1,900 @@ +/* + * basic.css + * ~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Sphinx stylesheet -- basic theme. + * + * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2022 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. + * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. + * + */ + +/* -- main layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.clearer { + clear: both; +} + +div.section::after { + display: block; + content: ''; + clear: left; +} + +/* -- relbar 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{ + init: () => { + Documentation.initDomainIndexTable(); + Documentation.initOnKeyListeners(); + }, + + /** + * i18n support + */ + TRANSLATIONS: {}, + PLURAL_EXPR: (n) => (n === 1 ? 0 : 1), + LOCALE: "unknown", + + // gettext and ngettext don't access this so that the functions + // can safely bound to a different name (_ = Documentation.gettext) + gettext: (string) => { + const translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[string]; + switch (typeof translated) { + case "undefined": + return string; // no translation + case "string": + return translated; // translation exists + default: + return translated[0]; // (singular, plural) translation tuple exists + } + }, + + ngettext: (singular, plural, n) => { + const translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[singular]; + if (typeof translated !== "undefined") + return translated[Documentation.PLURAL_EXPR(n)]; + return n === 1 ? singular : plural; + }, + + addTranslations: (catalog) => { + Object.assign(Documentation.TRANSLATIONS, 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LINK_SUFFIX: '.html', + HAS_SOURCE: true, + SOURCELINK_SUFFIX: '.txt', + NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS: false, + SHOW_SEARCH_SUMMARY: true, + ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS: true, +}; \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_static/file.png b/_static/file.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a858a41 Binary files /dev/null and b/_static/file.png differ diff --git a/_static/font/docs-italia.eot b/_static/font/docs-italia.eot new file mode 100644 index 0000000..169c616 Binary files /dev/null and b/_static/font/docs-italia.eot differ diff --git a/_static/font/docs-italia.svg b/_static/font/docs-italia.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..aac6164 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/font/docs-italia.svg @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ + + + +Generated by IcoMoon + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_static/font/docs-italia.ttf b/_static/font/docs-italia.ttf new file mode 100644 index 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+ ["tela", 0, -1], + ["vela", 0, -1], + ["le", -1, -1], + ["cele", 6, -1], + ["gliele", 6, -1], + ["mele", 6, -1], + ["tele", 6, -1], + ["vele", 6, -1], + ["ne", -1, -1], + ["cene", 12, -1], + ["gliene", 12, -1], + ["mene", 12, -1], + ["sene", 12, -1], + ["tene", 12, -1], + ["vene", 12, -1], + ["ci", -1, -1], + ["li", -1, -1], + ["celi", 20, -1], + ["glieli", 20, -1], + ["meli", 20, -1], + ["teli", 20, -1], + ["veli", 20, -1], + ["gli", 20, -1], + ["mi", -1, -1], + ["si", -1, -1], + ["ti", -1, -1], + ["vi", -1, -1], + ["lo", -1, -1], + ["celo", 31, -1], + ["glielo", 31, -1], + ["melo", 31, -1], + ["telo", 31, -1], + ["velo", 31, -1] + ]; + + /** @const */ var a_3 = [ + ["ando", -1, 1], + ["endo", -1, 1], + ["ar", -1, 2], + ["er", -1, 2], + ["ir", -1, 2] + ]; + + /** @const */ var a_4 = [ + ["ic", -1, -1], + ["abil", -1, -1], + ["os", -1, -1], + ["iv", -1, 1] + ]; + + /** @const */ var a_5 = [ + ["ic", -1, 1], + ["abil", -1, 1], + ["iv", -1, 1] + ]; + + /** @const */ var a_6 = [ + ["ica", -1, 1], + ["logia", -1, 3], + ["osa", -1, 1], + ["ista", -1, 1], + ["iva", -1, 9], + ["anza", -1, 1], + ["enza", -1, 5], + ["ice", -1, 1], + ["atrice", 7, 1], + ["iche", -1, 1], + ["logie", -1, 3], + ["abile", -1, 1], + ["ibile", -1, 1], + ["usione", -1, 4], + ["azione", -1, 2], + ["uzione", -1, 4], + ["atore", -1, 2], + ["ose", -1, 1], + ["ante", -1, 1], + ["mente", -1, 1], + ["amente", 19, 7], + ["iste", -1, 1], + ["ive", -1, 9], + ["anze", -1, 1], + ["enze", -1, 5], + ["ici", -1, 1], + ["atrici", 25, 1], + ["ichi", -1, 1], + ["abili", -1, 1], + ["ibili", -1, 1], + ["ismi", -1, 1], + ["usioni", -1, 4], + ["azioni", -1, 2], + ["uzioni", -1, 4], + ["atori", -1, 2], + ["osi", -1, 1], + ["anti", -1, 1], + ["amenti", -1, 6], + ["imenti", -1, 6], + ["isti", -1, 1], + ["ivi", -1, 9], + ["ico", -1, 1], + ["ismo", -1, 1], + ["oso", -1, 1], + ["amento", -1, 6], + ["imento", -1, 6], + ["ivo", -1, 9], + ["it\u00E0", -1, 8], + ["ist\u00E0", -1, 1], + ["ist\u00E8", -1, 1], + ["ist\u00EC", -1, 1] + ]; + + /** @const */ var a_7 = [ + ["isca", -1, 1], + ["enda", -1, 1], + ["ata", -1, 1], + ["ita", -1, 1], + ["uta", -1, 1], + ["ava", -1, 1], + ["eva", -1, 1], + ["iva", -1, 1], + ["erebbe", -1, 1], + ["irebbe", -1, 1], + ["isce", -1, 1], + ["ende", -1, 1], + ["are", -1, 1], + ["ere", -1, 1], + ["ire", -1, 1], + ["asse", -1, 1], + ["ate", -1, 1], + ["avate", 16, 1], + ["evate", 16, 1], + ["ivate", 16, 1], + ["ete", -1, 1], + ["erete", 20, 1], + ["irete", 20, 1], + ["ite", -1, 1], + ["ereste", -1, 1], + ["ireste", -1, 1], + ["ute", -1, 1], + ["erai", -1, 1], + ["irai", -1, 1], + ["isci", -1, 1], + ["endi", -1, 1], + ["erei", -1, 1], + ["irei", -1, 1], + ["assi", -1, 1], + ["ati", -1, 1], + ["iti", -1, 1], + ["eresti", -1, 1], + ["iresti", -1, 1], + ["uti", -1, 1], + ["avi", -1, 1], + ["evi", -1, 1], + ["ivi", -1, 1], + ["isco", -1, 1], + ["ando", -1, 1], + ["endo", -1, 1], + ["Yamo", -1, 1], + ["iamo", -1, 1], + ["avamo", -1, 1], + ["evamo", -1, 1], + ["ivamo", -1, 1], + ["eremo", -1, 1], + ["iremo", -1, 1], + ["assimo", -1, 1], + ["ammo", -1, 1], + ["emmo", -1, 1], + ["eremmo", 54, 1], + ["iremmo", 54, 1], + ["immo", -1, 1], + ["ano", -1, 1], + ["iscano", 58, 1], + ["avano", 58, 1], + ["evano", 58, 1], + ["ivano", 58, 1], + ["eranno", -1, 1], + ["iranno", -1, 1], + ["ono", -1, 1], + ["iscono", 65, 1], + ["arono", 65, 1], + ["erono", 65, 1], + ["irono", 65, 1], + ["erebbero", -1, 1], + ["irebbero", -1, 1], + ["assero", -1, 1], + ["essero", -1, 1], + ["issero", -1, 1], + ["ato", -1, 1], + ["ito", -1, 1], + ["uto", -1, 1], + ["avo", -1, 1], + ["evo", -1, 1], + ["ivo", -1, 1], + ["ar", -1, 1], + ["ir", -1, 1], + ["er\u00E0", -1, 1], + ["ir\u00E0", -1, 1], + ["er\u00F2", -1, 1], + ["ir\u00F2", -1, 1] + ]; + + /** @const */ var /** Array */ g_v = [17, 65, 16, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 128, 128, 8, 2, 1]; + + /** @const */ var /** Array */ g_AEIO = [17, 65, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 128, 128, 8, 2]; + + /** @const */ var /** Array */ g_CG = [17]; + + var /** number */ I_p2 = 0; + var /** number */ I_p1 = 0; + var /** number */ I_pV = 0; + + + /** @return {boolean} */ + function r_prelude() { + var /** number */ among_var; + var /** number */ v_1 = base.cursor; + while(true) + { + var /** number */ v_2 = base.cursor; + lab0: { + base.bra = base.cursor; + among_var = base.find_among(a_0); + if (among_var == 0) + { + break lab0; + } + base.ket = base.cursor; + switch (among_var) { + case 1: + if (!base.slice_from("\u00E0")) + { + return false; + } + break; + case 2: + if (!base.slice_from("\u00E8")) + { + return false; + } + break; + case 3: + if (!base.slice_from("\u00EC")) + { + return false; + } + break; + case 4: + if (!base.slice_from("\u00F2")) + { + return false; + } + break; + case 5: + if (!base.slice_from("\u00F9")) + { + return false; + } + break; + case 6: + if (!base.slice_from("qU")) + { + return false; + } + break; + case 7: + if (base.cursor >= base.limit) + { + break lab0; + } + base.cursor++; + break; + } + continue; + } + base.cursor = v_2; + break; + } + base.cursor = v_1; + while(true) + { + var /** number */ v_3 = base.cursor; + lab1: { + golab2: while(true) + { + var /** number */ v_4 = base.cursor; + lab3: { + if (!(base.in_grouping(g_v, 97, 249))) + { + break lab3; + } + base.bra = base.cursor; + lab4: { + var /** number */ v_5 = base.cursor; + lab5: { + if (!(base.eq_s("u"))) + { + break lab5; + } + base.ket = base.cursor; + if (!(base.in_grouping(g_v, 97, 249))) + { + break lab5; + } + if (!base.slice_from("U")) + { + return false; + } + break lab4; + } + base.cursor = v_5; + if (!(base.eq_s("i"))) + { + break lab3; + } + base.ket = base.cursor; + if (!(base.in_grouping(g_v, 97, 249))) + { + break lab3; + } + if (!base.slice_from("I")) + { + return false; + } + } + base.cursor = v_4; + break golab2; + } + base.cursor = v_4; + if (base.cursor >= base.limit) + { + break lab1; + } + base.cursor++; + } + continue; + } + base.cursor = v_3; + break; + } + return true; + }; + + /** @return {boolean} */ + function r_mark_regions() { + I_pV = base.limit; + I_p1 = base.limit; + I_p2 = base.limit; + var /** number */ v_1 = base.cursor; + lab0: { + lab1: { + var /** number */ v_2 = base.cursor; + lab2: { + if (!(base.in_grouping(g_v, 97, 249))) + { + break lab2; + } + lab3: { + var /** number */ v_3 = base.cursor; + lab4: { + if (!(base.out_grouping(g_v, 97, 249))) + { + break lab4; + } + golab5: while(true) + { + lab6: { + if (!(base.in_grouping(g_v, 97, 249))) + { + break lab6; + } + break golab5; + } + if (base.cursor >= base.limit) + { + break lab4; + } + base.cursor++; + } + break lab3; + } + base.cursor = v_3; + if (!(base.in_grouping(g_v, 97, 249))) + { + break lab2; + } + golab7: while(true) + { + lab8: { + if (!(base.out_grouping(g_v, 97, 249))) + { + break lab8; + } + break golab7; + } + if (base.cursor >= base.limit) + { + break lab2; + } + base.cursor++; + } + } + break lab1; + } + base.cursor = v_2; + if (!(base.out_grouping(g_v, 97, 249))) + { + break lab0; + } + lab9: { + var /** number */ v_6 = base.cursor; + lab10: { + if (!(base.out_grouping(g_v, 97, 249))) + { + break lab10; + } + golab11: while(true) + { + lab12: { + if (!(base.in_grouping(g_v, 97, 249))) + { + break lab12; + } + break golab11; + } + if (base.cursor >= base.limit) + { + break lab10; + } + base.cursor++; + } + break lab9; + } + base.cursor = v_6; + if (!(base.in_grouping(g_v, 97, 249))) + { + break lab0; + } + if (base.cursor >= base.limit) + { + break lab0; + } + base.cursor++; + } + } + I_pV = base.cursor; + } + base.cursor = v_1; + var /** number */ v_8 = base.cursor; + lab13: { + golab14: while(true) + { + lab15: { + if (!(base.in_grouping(g_v, 97, 249))) + { + break lab15; + } + break golab14; + } + if (base.cursor >= base.limit) + { + break lab13; + } + base.cursor++; + } + golab16: while(true) + { + lab17: { + if (!(base.out_grouping(g_v, 97, 249))) + { + break lab17; + } + break golab16; + } + if (base.cursor >= base.limit) + { + break lab13; + } + base.cursor++; + } + I_p1 = base.cursor; + golab18: while(true) + { + lab19: { + if (!(base.in_grouping(g_v, 97, 249))) + { + break lab19; + } + break golab18; + } + if (base.cursor >= base.limit) + { + break lab13; + } + base.cursor++; + } + golab20: while(true) + { + lab21: { + if (!(base.out_grouping(g_v, 97, 249))) + { + break lab21; + } + break golab20; + } + if (base.cursor >= base.limit) + { + break lab13; + } + base.cursor++; + } + I_p2 = base.cursor; + } + base.cursor = v_8; + return true; + }; + + /** @return {boolean} */ + function r_postlude() { + var /** number */ among_var; + while(true) + { + var /** number */ v_1 = base.cursor; + lab0: { + base.bra = base.cursor; + among_var = base.find_among(a_1); + if (among_var == 0) + { + break lab0; + } + base.ket = base.cursor; + switch (among_var) { + case 1: + if (!base.slice_from("i")) + { + return false; + } + break; + case 2: + if (!base.slice_from("u")) + { + return false; + } + break; + case 3: + if (base.cursor >= base.limit) + { + break lab0; + } + base.cursor++; + break; + } + continue; + } + base.cursor = v_1; + break; + } + return true; + }; + + /** @return {boolean} */ + function r_RV() { + if (!(I_pV <= base.cursor)) + { + return false; + } + return true; + }; + + /** @return {boolean} */ + function r_R1() { + if (!(I_p1 <= base.cursor)) + { + return false; + } + return true; + }; + + /** @return {boolean} */ + function r_R2() { + if (!(I_p2 <= base.cursor)) + { + return false; + } + return true; + }; + + /** @return {boolean} */ + function r_attached_pronoun() { + var /** number */ among_var; + base.ket = base.cursor; + if (base.find_among_b(a_2) == 0) + { + return false; + } + base.bra = base.cursor; + among_var = base.find_among_b(a_3); + if (among_var == 0) + { + return false; + } + if (!r_RV()) + { + return false; + } + switch (among_var) { + case 1: + if (!base.slice_del()) + { + return false; + } + break; + case 2: + if (!base.slice_from("e")) + { + return false; + } + break; + } + return true; + }; + + /** @return {boolean} */ + function r_standard_suffix() { + var /** number */ among_var; + base.ket = base.cursor; + among_var = base.find_among_b(a_6); + if (among_var == 0) + { + return false; + } + base.bra = base.cursor; + switch (among_var) { + case 1: + if (!r_R2()) + { + return false; + } + if (!base.slice_del()) + { + return false; + } + break; + case 2: + if (!r_R2()) + { + return false; + } + if (!base.slice_del()) + { + return false; + } + var /** number */ v_1 = base.limit - base.cursor; + lab0: { + base.ket = base.cursor; + if (!(base.eq_s_b("ic"))) + { + base.cursor = base.limit - v_1; + break lab0; + } + base.bra = base.cursor; + if (!r_R2()) + { + base.cursor = base.limit - v_1; + break lab0; + } + if (!base.slice_del()) + { + return false; + } + } + break; + case 3: + if (!r_R2()) + { + return false; + } + if (!base.slice_from("log")) + { + return false; + } + break; + case 4: + if (!r_R2()) + { + return false; + } + if (!base.slice_from("u")) + { + return false; + } + break; + case 5: + if (!r_R2()) + { + return false; + } + if (!base.slice_from("ente")) + { + return false; + } + break; + case 6: + if (!r_RV()) + { + return false; + } + if (!base.slice_del()) + { + return false; + } + break; + case 7: + if (!r_R1()) + { + return false; + } + if (!base.slice_del()) + { + return false; + } + var /** number */ v_2 = base.limit - base.cursor; + lab1: { + base.ket = base.cursor; + among_var = base.find_among_b(a_4); + if (among_var == 0) + { + base.cursor = base.limit - v_2; + break lab1; + } + base.bra = base.cursor; + if (!r_R2()) + { + base.cursor = base.limit - v_2; + break lab1; + } + if (!base.slice_del()) + { + return false; + } + switch (among_var) { + case 1: + base.ket = base.cursor; + if (!(base.eq_s_b("at"))) + { + base.cursor = base.limit - v_2; + break lab1; + } + base.bra = base.cursor; + if (!r_R2()) + { + base.cursor = base.limit - v_2; + break lab1; + } + if (!base.slice_del()) + { + return false; + } + break; + } + } + break; + case 8: + if (!r_R2()) + { + return false; + } + if (!base.slice_del()) + { + return false; + } + var /** number */ v_3 = base.limit - base.cursor; + lab2: { + base.ket = base.cursor; + if (base.find_among_b(a_5) == 0) + { + base.cursor = base.limit - v_3; + break lab2; + } + base.bra = base.cursor; + if (!r_R2()) + { + base.cursor = base.limit - v_3; + break lab2; + } + if (!base.slice_del()) + { + return false; + } + } + break; + case 9: + if (!r_R2()) + { + return false; + } + if (!base.slice_del()) + { + return false; + } + var /** number */ v_4 = base.limit - base.cursor; + lab3: { + base.ket = base.cursor; + if (!(base.eq_s_b("at"))) + { + base.cursor = base.limit - v_4; + break lab3; + } + base.bra = base.cursor; + if (!r_R2()) + { + base.cursor = base.limit - v_4; + break lab3; + } + if (!base.slice_del()) + { + return false; + } + base.ket = base.cursor; + if (!(base.eq_s_b("ic"))) + { + base.cursor = base.limit - v_4; + break lab3; + } + base.bra = base.cursor; + if (!r_R2()) + { + base.cursor = base.limit - v_4; + break lab3; + } + if (!base.slice_del()) + { + return false; + } + } + break; + } + return true; + }; + + /** @return {boolean} */ + function r_verb_suffix() { + if (base.cursor < I_pV) + { + return false; + } + var /** number */ v_2 = base.limit_backward; + base.limit_backward = I_pV; + base.ket = base.cursor; + if (base.find_among_b(a_7) == 0) + { + base.limit_backward = v_2; + return false; + } + base.bra = base.cursor; + if (!base.slice_del()) + { + return false; + } + base.limit_backward = v_2; + return true; + }; + + /** @return {boolean} */ + function r_vowel_suffix() { + var /** number */ v_1 = base.limit - base.cursor; + lab0: { + base.ket = base.cursor; + if (!(base.in_grouping_b(g_AEIO, 97, 242))) + { + base.cursor = base.limit - v_1; + break lab0; + } + base.bra = base.cursor; + if (!r_RV()) + { + base.cursor = base.limit - v_1; + break lab0; + } + if (!base.slice_del()) + { + return false; + } + base.ket = base.cursor; + if (!(base.eq_s_b("i"))) + { + base.cursor = base.limit - v_1; + break lab0; + } + base.bra = base.cursor; + if (!r_RV()) + { + base.cursor = base.limit - v_1; + break lab0; + } + if (!base.slice_del()) + { + return false; + } + } + var /** number */ v_2 = base.limit - base.cursor; + lab1: { + base.ket = base.cursor; + if (!(base.eq_s_b("h"))) + { + base.cursor = base.limit - v_2; + break lab1; + } + base.bra = base.cursor; + if (!(base.in_grouping_b(g_CG, 99, 103))) + { + base.cursor = base.limit - v_2; + break lab1; + } + if (!r_RV()) + { + base.cursor = base.limit - v_2; + break lab1; + } + if (!base.slice_del()) + { + return false; + } + } + return true; + }; + + this.stem = /** @return {boolean} */ function() { + var /** number */ v_1 = base.cursor; + r_prelude(); + base.cursor = v_1; + r_mark_regions(); + base.limit_backward = base.cursor; base.cursor = base.limit; + var /** number */ v_3 = base.limit - base.cursor; + r_attached_pronoun(); + base.cursor = base.limit - v_3; + var /** number */ v_4 = base.limit - base.cursor; + lab0: { + lab1: { + var /** number */ v_5 = base.limit - base.cursor; + lab2: { + if (!r_standard_suffix()) + { + break lab2; + } + break lab1; + } + base.cursor = base.limit - v_5; + if (!r_verb_suffix()) + { + break lab0; + } + } + } + base.cursor = base.limit - v_4; + var /** number */ v_6 = base.limit - base.cursor; + r_vowel_suffix(); + base.cursor = base.limit - v_6; + base.cursor = base.limit_backward; + var /** number */ v_7 = base.cursor; + r_postlude(); + base.cursor = v_7; + return true; + }; + + /**@return{string}*/ + this['stemWord'] = function(/**string*/word) { + base.setCurrent(word); + this.stem(); + return base.getCurrent(); + }; +}; diff --git a/_static/jquery-3.6.0.js b/_static/jquery-3.6.0.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fc6c299 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/jquery-3.6.0.js @@ -0,0 +1,10881 @@ +/*! + * jQuery JavaScript Library v3.6.0 + * https://jquery.com/ + * + * Includes Sizzle.js + * https://sizzlejs.com/ + * + * Copyright OpenJS Foundation and other contributors + * Released under the MIT license + * https://jquery.org/license + * + * Date: 2021-03-02T17:08Z + */ +( function( global, factory ) { + + "use strict"; + + if ( typeof module === "object" && typeof module.exports === "object" ) { + + // For CommonJS and CommonJS-like environments where a proper `window` + // is present, execute the factory and get jQuery. + // For environments that do not have a `window` with a `document` + // (such as Node.js), expose a factory as module.exports. + // This accentuates the need for the creation of a real `window`. + // e.g. var jQuery = require("jquery")(window); + // See ticket #14549 for more info. + module.exports = global.document ? + factory( global, true ) : + function( w ) { + if ( !w.document ) { + throw new Error( "jQuery requires a window with a document" ); + } + return factory( w ); + }; + } else { + factory( global ); + } + +// Pass this if window is not defined yet +} )( typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : this, function( window, noGlobal ) { + +// Edge <= 12 - 13+, Firefox <=18 - 45+, IE 10 - 11, Safari 5.1 - 9+, iOS 6 - 9.1 +// throw exceptions when non-strict code (e.g., ASP.NET 4.5) accesses strict mode +// arguments.callee.caller (trac-13335). But as of jQuery 3.0 (2016), strict mode should be common +// enough that all such attempts are guarded in a try block. +"use strict"; + +var arr = []; + +var getProto = Object.getPrototypeOf; + +var slice = arr.slice; + +var flat = arr.flat ? function( array ) { + return arr.flat.call( array ); +} : function( array ) { + return arr.concat.apply( [], array ); +}; + + +var push = arr.push; + +var indexOf = arr.indexOf; + +var class2type = {}; + +var toString = class2type.toString; + +var hasOwn = class2type.hasOwnProperty; + +var fnToString = hasOwn.toString; + +var ObjectFunctionString = fnToString.call( Object ); + +var support = {}; + +var isFunction = function isFunction( obj ) { + + // Support: Chrome <=57, Firefox <=52 + // In some browsers, typeof returns "function" for HTML elements + // (i.e., `typeof document.createElement( "object" ) === "function"`). + // We don't want to classify *any* DOM node as a function. + // Support: QtWeb <=3.8.5, WebKit <=534.34, wkhtmltopdf tool <=0.12.5 + // Plus for old WebKit, typeof returns "function" for HTML collections + // (e.g., `typeof document.getElementsByTagName("div") === "function"`). (gh-4756) + return typeof obj === "function" && typeof obj.nodeType !== "number" && + typeof obj.item !== "function"; + }; + + +var isWindow = function isWindow( obj ) { + return obj != null && obj === obj.window; + }; + + +var document = window.document; + + + + var preservedScriptAttributes = { + type: true, + src: true, + nonce: true, + noModule: true + }; + + function DOMEval( code, node, doc ) { + doc = doc || document; + + var i, val, + script = doc.createElement( "script" ); + + script.text = code; + if ( node ) { + for ( i in preservedScriptAttributes ) { + + // Support: Firefox 64+, Edge 18+ + // Some browsers don't support the "nonce" property on scripts. + // On the other hand, just using `getAttribute` is not enough as + // the `nonce` attribute is reset to an empty string whenever it + // becomes browsing-context connected. + // See https://github.com/whatwg/html/issues/2369 + // See https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#nonce-attributes + // The `node.getAttribute` check was added for the sake of + // `jQuery.globalEval` so that it can fake a nonce-containing node + // via an object. + val = node[ i ] || node.getAttribute && node.getAttribute( i ); + if ( val ) { + script.setAttribute( i, val ); + } + } + } + doc.head.appendChild( script ).parentNode.removeChild( script ); + } + + +function toType( obj ) { + if ( obj == null ) { + return obj + ""; + } + + // Support: Android <=2.3 only (functionish RegExp) + return typeof obj === "object" || typeof obj === "function" ? + class2type[ toString.call( obj ) ] || "object" : + typeof obj; +} +/* global Symbol */ +// Defining this global in .eslintrc.json would create a danger of using the global +// unguarded in another place, it seems safer to define global only for this module + + + +var + version = "3.6.0", + + // Define a local copy of jQuery + jQuery = function( selector, context ) { + + // The jQuery object is actually just the init constructor 'enhanced' + // Need init if jQuery is called (just allow error to be thrown if not included) + return new jQuery.fn.init( selector, context ); + }; + +jQuery.fn = jQuery.prototype = { + + // The current version of jQuery being used + jquery: version, + + constructor: jQuery, + + // The default length of a jQuery object is 0 + length: 0, + + toArray: function() { + return slice.call( this ); + }, + + // Get the Nth element in the matched element set OR + // Get the whole matched element set as a clean array + get: function( num ) { + + // Return all the elements in a clean array + if ( num == null ) { + return slice.call( this ); + } + + // Return just the one element from the set + return num < 0 ? this[ num + this.length ] : this[ num ]; + }, + + // Take an array of elements and push it onto the stack + // (returning the new matched element set) + pushStack: function( elems ) { + + // Build a new jQuery matched element set + var ret = jQuery.merge( this.constructor(), elems ); + + // Add the old object onto the stack (as a reference) + ret.prevObject = this; + + // Return the newly-formed element set + return ret; + }, + + // Execute a callback for every element in the matched set. + each: function( callback ) { + return jQuery.each( this, callback ); + }, + + map: function( callback ) { + return this.pushStack( jQuery.map( this, function( elem, i ) { + return callback.call( elem, i, elem ); + } ) ); + }, + + slice: function() { + return this.pushStack( slice.apply( this, arguments ) ); + }, + + first: function() { + return this.eq( 0 ); + }, + + last: function() { + return this.eq( -1 ); + }, + + even: function() { + return this.pushStack( jQuery.grep( this, function( _elem, i ) { + return ( i + 1 ) % 2; + } ) ); + }, + + odd: function() { + return this.pushStack( jQuery.grep( this, function( _elem, i ) { + return i % 2; + } ) ); + }, + + eq: function( i ) { + var len = this.length, + j = +i + ( i < 0 ? len : 0 ); + return this.pushStack( j >= 0 && j < len ? [ this[ j ] ] : [] ); + }, + + end: function() { + return this.prevObject || this.constructor(); + }, + + // For internal use only. + // Behaves like an Array's method, not like a jQuery method. + push: push, + sort: arr.sort, + splice: arr.splice +}; + +jQuery.extend = jQuery.fn.extend = function() { + var options, name, src, copy, copyIsArray, clone, + target = arguments[ 0 ] || {}, + i = 1, + length = arguments.length, + deep = false; + + // Handle a deep copy situation + if ( typeof target === "boolean" ) { + deep = target; + + // Skip the boolean and the target + target = arguments[ i ] || {}; + i++; + } + + // Handle case when target is a string or something (possible in deep copy) + if ( typeof target !== "object" && !isFunction( target ) ) { + target = {}; + } + + // Extend jQuery itself if only one argument is passed + if ( i === length ) { + target = this; + i--; + } + + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + + // Only deal with non-null/undefined values + if ( ( options = arguments[ i ] ) != null ) { + + // Extend the base object + for ( name in options ) { + copy = options[ name ]; + + // Prevent Object.prototype pollution + // Prevent never-ending loop + if ( name === "__proto__" || target === copy ) { + continue; + } + + // Recurse if we're merging plain objects or arrays + if ( deep && copy && ( jQuery.isPlainObject( copy ) || + ( copyIsArray = Array.isArray( copy ) ) ) ) { + src = target[ name ]; + + // Ensure proper type for the source value + if ( copyIsArray && !Array.isArray( src ) ) { + clone = []; + } else if ( !copyIsArray && !jQuery.isPlainObject( src ) ) { + clone = {}; + } else { + clone = src; + } + copyIsArray = false; + + // Never move original objects, clone them + target[ name ] = jQuery.extend( deep, clone, copy ); + + // Don't bring in undefined values + } else if ( copy !== undefined ) { + target[ name ] = copy; + } + } + } + } + + // Return the modified object + return target; +}; + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Unique for each copy of jQuery on the page + expando: "jQuery" + ( version + Math.random() ).replace( /\D/g, "" ), + + // Assume jQuery is ready without the ready module + isReady: true, + + error: function( msg ) { + throw new Error( msg ); + }, + + noop: function() {}, + + isPlainObject: function( obj ) { + var proto, Ctor; + + // Detect obvious negatives + // Use toString instead of jQuery.type to catch host objects + if ( !obj || toString.call( obj ) !== "[object Object]" ) { + return false; + } + + proto = getProto( obj ); + + // Objects with no prototype (e.g., `Object.create( null )`) are plain + if ( !proto ) { + return true; + } + + // Objects with prototype are plain iff they were constructed by a global Object function + Ctor = hasOwn.call( proto, "constructor" ) && proto.constructor; + return typeof Ctor === "function" && fnToString.call( Ctor ) === ObjectFunctionString; + }, + + isEmptyObject: function( obj ) { + var name; + + for ( name in obj ) { + return false; + } + return true; + }, + + // Evaluates a script in a provided context; falls back to the global one + // if not specified. + globalEval: function( code, options, doc ) { + DOMEval( code, { nonce: options && options.nonce }, doc ); + }, + + each: function( obj, callback ) { + var length, i = 0; + + if ( isArrayLike( obj ) ) { + length = obj.length; + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + if ( callback.call( obj[ i ], i, obj[ i ] ) === false ) { + break; + } + } + } else { + for ( i in obj ) { + if ( callback.call( obj[ i ], i, obj[ i ] ) === false ) { + break; + } + } + } + + return obj; + }, + + // results is for internal usage only + makeArray: function( arr, results ) { + var ret = results || []; + + if ( arr != null ) { + if ( isArrayLike( Object( arr ) ) ) { + jQuery.merge( ret, + typeof arr === "string" ? + [ arr ] : arr + ); + } else { + push.call( ret, arr ); + } + } + + return ret; + }, + + inArray: function( elem, arr, i ) { + return arr == null ? -1 : indexOf.call( arr, elem, i ); + }, + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + merge: function( first, second ) { + var len = +second.length, + j = 0, + i = first.length; + + for ( ; j < len; j++ ) { + first[ i++ ] = second[ j ]; + } + + first.length = i; + + return first; + }, + + grep: function( elems, callback, invert ) { + var callbackInverse, + matches = [], + i = 0, + length = elems.length, + callbackExpect = !invert; + + // Go through the array, only saving the items + // that pass the validator function + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + callbackInverse = !callback( elems[ i ], i ); + if ( callbackInverse !== callbackExpect ) { + matches.push( elems[ i ] ); + } + } + + return matches; + }, + + // arg is for internal usage only + map: function( elems, callback, arg ) { + var length, value, + i = 0, + ret = []; + + // Go through the array, translating each of the items to their new values + if ( isArrayLike( elems ) ) { + length = elems.length; + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + value = callback( elems[ i ], i, arg ); + + if ( value != null ) { + ret.push( value ); + } + } + + // Go through every key on the object, + } else { + for ( i in elems ) { + value = callback( elems[ i ], i, arg ); + + if ( value != null ) { + ret.push( value ); + } + } + } + + // Flatten any nested arrays + return flat( ret ); + }, + + // A global GUID counter for objects + guid: 1, + + // jQuery.support is not used in Core but other projects attach their + // properties to it so it needs to exist. + support: support +} ); + +if ( typeof Symbol === "function" ) { + jQuery.fn[ Symbol.iterator ] = arr[ Symbol.iterator ]; +} + +// Populate the class2type map +jQuery.each( "Boolean Number String Function Array Date RegExp Object Error Symbol".split( " " ), + function( _i, name ) { + class2type[ "[object " + name + "]" ] = name.toLowerCase(); + } ); + +function isArrayLike( obj ) { + + // Support: real iOS 8.2 only (not reproducible in simulator) + // `in` check used to prevent JIT error (gh-2145) + // hasOwn isn't used here due to false negatives + // regarding Nodelist length in IE + var length = !!obj && "length" in obj && obj.length, + type = toType( obj ); + + if ( isFunction( obj ) || isWindow( obj ) ) { + return false; + } + + return type === "array" || length === 0 || + typeof length === "number" && length > 0 && ( length - 1 ) in obj; +} +var Sizzle = +/*! + * Sizzle CSS Selector Engine v2.3.6 + * https://sizzlejs.com/ + * + * Copyright JS Foundation and other contributors + * Released under the MIT license + * https://js.foundation/ + * + * Date: 2021-02-16 + */ +( function( window ) { +var i, + support, + Expr, + getText, + isXML, + tokenize, + compile, + select, + outermostContext, + sortInput, + hasDuplicate, + + // Local document vars + setDocument, + document, + docElem, + documentIsHTML, + rbuggyQSA, + rbuggyMatches, + matches, + contains, + + // Instance-specific data + expando = "sizzle" + 1 * new Date(), + preferredDoc = window.document, + dirruns = 0, + done = 0, + classCache = createCache(), + tokenCache = createCache(), + compilerCache = createCache(), + nonnativeSelectorCache = createCache(), + sortOrder = function( a, b ) { + if ( a === b ) { + hasDuplicate = true; + } + return 0; + }, + + // Instance methods + hasOwn = ( {} ).hasOwnProperty, + arr = [], + pop = arr.pop, + pushNative = arr.push, + push = arr.push, + slice = arr.slice, + + // Use a stripped-down indexOf as it's faster than native + // https://jsperf.com/thor-indexof-vs-for/5 + indexOf = function( list, elem ) { + var i = 0, + len = list.length; + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( list[ i ] === elem ) { + return i; + } + } + return -1; + }, + + booleans = "checked|selected|async|autofocus|autoplay|controls|defer|disabled|hidden|" + + "ismap|loop|multiple|open|readonly|required|scoped", + + // Regular expressions + + // http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#whitespace + whitespace = "[\\x20\\t\\r\\n\\f]", + + // https://www.w3.org/TR/css-syntax-3/#ident-token-diagram + identifier = "(?:\\\\[\\da-fA-F]{1,6}" + whitespace + + "?|\\\\[^\\r\\n\\f]|[\\w-]|[^\0-\\x7f])+", + + // Attribute selectors: http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#attribute-selectors + attributes = "\\[" + whitespace + "*(" + identifier + ")(?:" + whitespace + + + // Operator (capture 2) + "*([*^$|!~]?=)" + whitespace + + + // "Attribute values must be CSS identifiers [capture 5] + // or strings [capture 3 or capture 4]" + "*(?:'((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\"|(" + identifier + "))|)" + + whitespace + "*\\]", + + pseudos = ":(" + identifier + ")(?:\\((" + + + // To reduce the number of selectors needing tokenize in the preFilter, prefer arguments: + // 1. quoted (capture 3; capture 4 or capture 5) + "('((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\")|" + + + // 2. simple (capture 6) + "((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\()[\\]]|" + attributes + ")*)|" + + + // 3. anything else (capture 2) + ".*" + + ")\\)|)", + + // Leading and non-escaped trailing whitespace, capturing some non-whitespace characters preceding the latter + rwhitespace = new RegExp( whitespace + "+", "g" ), + rtrim = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "+|((?:^|[^\\\\])(?:\\\\.)*)" + + whitespace + "+$", "g" ), + + rcomma = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*," + whitespace + "*" ), + rcombinators = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*([>+~]|" + whitespace + ")" + whitespace + + "*" ), + rdescend = new RegExp( whitespace + "|>" ), + + rpseudo = new RegExp( pseudos ), + ridentifier = new RegExp( "^" + identifier + "$" ), + + matchExpr = { + "ID": new RegExp( "^#(" + identifier + ")" ), + "CLASS": new RegExp( "^\\.(" + identifier + ")" ), + "TAG": new RegExp( "^(" + identifier + "|[*])" ), + "ATTR": new RegExp( "^" + attributes ), + "PSEUDO": new RegExp( "^" + pseudos ), + "CHILD": new RegExp( "^:(only|first|last|nth|nth-last)-(child|of-type)(?:\\(" + + whitespace + "*(even|odd|(([+-]|)(\\d*)n|)" + whitespace + "*(?:([+-]|)" + + whitespace + "*(\\d+)|))" + whitespace + "*\\)|)", "i" ), + "bool": new RegExp( "^(?:" + booleans + ")$", "i" ), + + // For use in libraries implementing .is() + // We use this for POS matching in `select` + "needsContext": new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + + "*[>+~]|:(even|odd|eq|gt|lt|nth|first|last)(?:\\(" + whitespace + + "*((?:-\\d)?\\d*)" + whitespace + "*\\)|)(?=[^-]|$)", "i" ) + }, + + rhtml = /HTML$/i, + rinputs = /^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i, + rheader = /^h\d$/i, + + rnative = /^[^{]+\{\s*\[native \w/, + + // Easily-parseable/retrievable ID or TAG or CLASS selectors + rquickExpr = /^(?:#([\w-]+)|(\w+)|\.([\w-]+))$/, + + rsibling = /[+~]/, + + // CSS escapes + // http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#escaped-characters + runescape = new RegExp( "\\\\[\\da-fA-F]{1,6}" + whitespace + "?|\\\\([^\\r\\n\\f])", "g" ), + funescape = function( escape, nonHex ) { + var high = "0x" + escape.slice( 1 ) - 0x10000; + + return nonHex ? + + // Strip the backslash prefix from a non-hex escape sequence + nonHex : + + // Replace a hexadecimal escape sequence with the encoded Unicode code point + // Support: IE <=11+ + // For values outside the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP), manually construct a + // surrogate pair + high < 0 ? + String.fromCharCode( high + 0x10000 ) : + String.fromCharCode( high >> 10 | 0xD800, high & 0x3FF | 0xDC00 ); + }, + + // CSS string/identifier serialization + // https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#common-serializing-idioms + rcssescape = /([\0-\x1f\x7f]|^-?\d)|^-$|[^\0-\x1f\x7f-\uFFFF\w-]/g, + fcssescape = function( ch, asCodePoint ) { + if ( asCodePoint ) { + + // U+0000 NULL becomes U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER + if ( ch === "\0" ) { + return "\uFFFD"; + } + + // Control characters and (dependent upon position) numbers get escaped as code points + return ch.slice( 0, -1 ) + "\\" + + ch.charCodeAt( ch.length - 1 ).toString( 16 ) + " "; + } + + // Other potentially-special ASCII characters get backslash-escaped + return "\\" + ch; + }, + + // Used for iframes + // See setDocument() + // Removing the function wrapper causes a "Permission Denied" + // error in IE + unloadHandler = function() { + setDocument(); + }, + + inDisabledFieldset = addCombinator( + function( elem ) { + return elem.disabled === true && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "fieldset"; + }, + { dir: "parentNode", next: "legend" } + ); + +// Optimize for push.apply( _, NodeList ) +try { + push.apply( + ( arr = slice.call( preferredDoc.childNodes ) ), + preferredDoc.childNodes + ); + + // Support: Android<4.0 + // Detect silently failing push.apply + // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-expressions + arr[ preferredDoc.childNodes.length ].nodeType; +} catch ( e ) { + push = { apply: arr.length ? + + // Leverage slice if possible + function( target, els ) { + pushNative.apply( target, slice.call( els ) ); + } : + + // Support: IE<9 + // Otherwise append directly + function( target, els ) { + var j = target.length, + i = 0; + + // Can't trust NodeList.length + while ( ( target[ j++ ] = els[ i++ ] ) ) {} + target.length = j - 1; + } + }; +} + +function Sizzle( selector, context, results, seed ) { + var m, i, elem, nid, match, groups, newSelector, + newContext = context && context.ownerDocument, + + // nodeType defaults to 9, since context defaults to document + nodeType = context ? context.nodeType : 9; + + results = results || []; + + // Return early from calls with invalid selector or context + if ( typeof selector !== "string" || !selector || + nodeType !== 1 && nodeType !== 9 && nodeType !== 11 ) { + + return results; + } + + // Try to shortcut find operations (as opposed to filters) in HTML documents + if ( !seed ) { + setDocument( context ); + context = context || document; + + if ( documentIsHTML ) { + + // If the selector is sufficiently simple, try using a "get*By*" DOM method + // (excepting DocumentFragment context, where the methods don't exist) + if ( nodeType !== 11 && ( match = rquickExpr.exec( selector ) ) ) { + + // ID selector + if ( ( m = match[ 1 ] ) ) { + + // Document context + if ( nodeType === 9 ) { + if ( ( elem = context.getElementById( m ) ) ) { + + // Support: IE, Opera, Webkit + // TODO: identify versions + // getElementById can match elements by name instead of ID + if ( elem.id === m ) { + results.push( elem ); + return results; + } + } else { + return results; + } + + // Element context + } else { + + // Support: IE, Opera, Webkit + // TODO: identify versions + // getElementById can match elements by name instead of ID + if ( newContext && ( elem = newContext.getElementById( m ) ) && + contains( context, elem ) && + elem.id === m ) { + + results.push( elem ); + return results; + } + } + + // Type selector + } else if ( match[ 2 ] ) { + push.apply( results, context.getElementsByTagName( selector ) ); + return results; + + // Class selector + } else if ( ( m = match[ 3 ] ) && support.getElementsByClassName && + context.getElementsByClassName ) { + + push.apply( results, context.getElementsByClassName( m ) ); + return results; + } + } + + // Take advantage of querySelectorAll + if ( support.qsa && + !nonnativeSelectorCache[ selector + " " ] && + ( !rbuggyQSA || !rbuggyQSA.test( selector ) ) && + + // Support: IE 8 only + // Exclude object elements + ( nodeType !== 1 || context.nodeName.toLowerCase() !== "object" ) ) { + + newSelector = selector; + newContext = context; + + // qSA considers elements outside a scoping root when evaluating child or + // descendant combinators, which is not what we want. + // In such cases, we work around the behavior by prefixing every selector in the + // list with an ID selector referencing the scope context. + // The technique has to be used as well when a leading combinator is used + // as such selectors are not recognized by querySelectorAll. + // Thanks to Andrew Dupont for this technique. + if ( nodeType === 1 && + ( rdescend.test( selector ) || rcombinators.test( selector ) ) ) { + + // Expand context for sibling selectors + newContext = rsibling.test( selector ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || + context; + + // We can use :scope instead of the ID hack if the browser + // supports it & if we're not changing the context. + if ( newContext !== context || !support.scope ) { + + // Capture the context ID, setting it first if necessary + if ( ( nid = context.getAttribute( "id" ) ) ) { + nid = nid.replace( rcssescape, fcssescape ); + } else { + context.setAttribute( "id", ( nid = expando ) ); + } + } + + // Prefix every selector in the list + groups = tokenize( selector ); + i = groups.length; + while ( i-- ) { + groups[ i ] = ( nid ? "#" + nid : ":scope" ) + " " + + toSelector( groups[ i ] ); + } + newSelector = groups.join( "," ); + } + + try { + push.apply( results, + newContext.querySelectorAll( newSelector ) + ); + return results; + } catch ( qsaError ) { + nonnativeSelectorCache( selector, true ); + } finally { + if ( nid === expando ) { + context.removeAttribute( "id" ); + } + } + } + } + } + + // All others + return select( selector.replace( rtrim, "$1" ), context, results, seed ); +} + +/** + * Create key-value caches of limited size + * @returns {function(string, object)} Returns the Object data after storing it on itself with + * property name the (space-suffixed) string and (if the cache is larger than Expr.cacheLength) + * deleting the oldest entry + */ +function createCache() { + var keys = []; + + function cache( key, value ) { + + // Use (key + " ") to avoid collision with native prototype properties (see Issue #157) + if ( keys.push( key + " " ) > Expr.cacheLength ) { + + // Only keep the most recent entries + delete cache[ keys.shift() ]; + } + return ( cache[ key + " " ] = value ); + } + return cache; +} + +/** + * Mark a function for special use by Sizzle + * @param {Function} fn The function to mark + */ +function markFunction( fn ) { + fn[ expando ] = true; + return fn; +} + +/** + * Support testing using an element + * @param {Function} fn Passed the created element and returns a boolean result + */ +function assert( fn ) { + var el = document.createElement( "fieldset" ); + + try { + return !!fn( el ); + } catch ( e ) { + return false; + } finally { + + // Remove from its parent by default + if ( el.parentNode ) { + el.parentNode.removeChild( el ); + } + + // release memory in IE + el = null; + } +} + +/** + * Adds the same handler for all of the specified attrs + * @param {String} attrs Pipe-separated list of attributes + * @param {Function} handler The method that will be applied + */ +function addHandle( attrs, handler ) { + var arr = attrs.split( "|" ), + i = arr.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + Expr.attrHandle[ arr[ i ] ] = handler; + } +} + +/** + * Checks document order of two siblings + * @param {Element} a + * @param {Element} b + * @returns {Number} Returns less than 0 if a precedes b, greater than 0 if a follows b + */ +function siblingCheck( a, b ) { + var cur = b && a, + diff = cur && a.nodeType === 1 && b.nodeType === 1 && + a.sourceIndex - b.sourceIndex; + + // Use IE sourceIndex if available on both nodes + if ( diff ) { + return diff; + } + + // Check if b follows a + if ( cur ) { + while ( ( cur = cur.nextSibling ) ) { + if ( cur === b ) { + return -1; + } + } + } + + return a ? 1 : -1; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for input types + * @param {String} type + */ +function createInputPseudo( type ) { + return function( elem ) { + var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return name === "input" && elem.type === type; + }; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for buttons + * @param {String} type + */ +function createButtonPseudo( type ) { + return function( elem ) { + var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return ( name === "input" || name === "button" ) && elem.type === type; + }; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for :enabled/:disabled + * @param {Boolean} disabled true for :disabled; false for :enabled + */ +function createDisabledPseudo( disabled ) { + + // Known :disabled false positives: fieldset[disabled] > legend:nth-of-type(n+2) :can-disable + return function( elem ) { + + // Only certain elements can match :enabled or :disabled + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#selector-enabled + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#selector-disabled + if ( "form" in elem ) { + + // Check for inherited disabledness on relevant non-disabled elements: + // * listed form-associated elements in a disabled fieldset + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#category-listed + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#concept-fe-disabled + // * option elements in a disabled optgroup + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#concept-option-disabled + // All such elements have a "form" property. + if ( elem.parentNode && elem.disabled === false ) { + + // Option elements defer to a parent optgroup if present + if ( "label" in elem ) { + if ( "label" in elem.parentNode ) { + return elem.parentNode.disabled === disabled; + } else { + return elem.disabled === disabled; + } + } + + // Support: IE 6 - 11 + // Use the isDisabled shortcut property to check for disabled fieldset ancestors + return elem.isDisabled === disabled || + + // Where there is no isDisabled, check manually + /* jshint -W018 */ + elem.isDisabled !== !disabled && + inDisabledFieldset( elem ) === disabled; + } + + return elem.disabled === disabled; + + // Try to winnow out elements that can't be disabled before trusting the disabled property. + // Some victims get caught in our net (label, legend, menu, track), but it shouldn't + // even exist on them, let alone have a boolean value. + } else if ( "label" in elem ) { + return elem.disabled === disabled; + } + + // Remaining elements are neither :enabled nor :disabled + return false; + }; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for positionals + * @param {Function} fn + */ +function createPositionalPseudo( fn ) { + return markFunction( function( argument ) { + argument = +argument; + return markFunction( function( seed, matches ) { + var j, + matchIndexes = fn( [], seed.length, argument ), + i = matchIndexes.length; + + // Match elements found at the specified indexes + while ( i-- ) { + if ( seed[ ( j = matchIndexes[ i ] ) ] ) { + seed[ j ] = !( matches[ j ] = seed[ j ] ); + } + } + } ); + } ); +} + +/** + * Checks a node for validity as a Sizzle context + * @param {Element|Object=} context + * @returns {Element|Object|Boolean} The input node if acceptable, otherwise a falsy value + */ +function testContext( context ) { + return context && typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" && context; +} + +// Expose support vars for convenience +support = Sizzle.support = {}; + +/** + * Detects XML nodes + * @param {Element|Object} elem An element or a document + * @returns {Boolean} True iff elem is a non-HTML XML node + */ +isXML = Sizzle.isXML = function( elem ) { + var namespace = elem && elem.namespaceURI, + docElem = elem && ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ).documentElement; + + // Support: IE <=8 + // Assume HTML when documentElement doesn't yet exist, such as inside loading iframes + // https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/4833 + return !rhtml.test( namespace || docElem && docElem.nodeName || "HTML" ); +}; + +/** + * Sets document-related variables once based on the current document + * @param {Element|Object} [doc] An element or document object to use to set the document + * @returns {Object} Returns the current document + */ +setDocument = Sizzle.setDocument = function( node ) { + var hasCompare, subWindow, + doc = node ? node.ownerDocument || node : preferredDoc; + + // Return early if doc is invalid or already selected + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( doc == document || doc.nodeType !== 9 || !doc.documentElement ) { + return document; + } + + // Update global variables + document = doc; + docElem = document.documentElement; + documentIsHTML = !isXML( document ); + + // Support: IE 9 - 11+, Edge 12 - 18+ + // Accessing iframe documents after unload throws "permission denied" errors (jQuery #13936) + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( preferredDoc != document && + ( subWindow = document.defaultView ) && subWindow.top !== subWindow ) { + + // Support: IE 11, Edge + if ( subWindow.addEventListener ) { + subWindow.addEventListener( "unload", unloadHandler, false ); + + // Support: IE 9 - 10 only + } else if ( subWindow.attachEvent ) { + subWindow.attachEvent( "onunload", unloadHandler ); + } + } + + // Support: IE 8 - 11+, Edge 12 - 18+, Chrome <=16 - 25 only, Firefox <=3.6 - 31 only, + // Safari 4 - 5 only, Opera <=11.6 - 12.x only + // IE/Edge & older browsers don't support the :scope pseudo-class. + // Support: Safari 6.0 only + // Safari 6.0 supports :scope but it's an alias of :root there. + support.scope = assert( function( el ) { + docElem.appendChild( el ).appendChild( document.createElement( "div" ) ); + return typeof el.querySelectorAll !== "undefined" && + !el.querySelectorAll( ":scope fieldset div" ).length; + } ); + + /* Attributes + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // Support: IE<8 + // Verify that getAttribute really returns attributes and not properties + // (excepting IE8 booleans) + support.attributes = assert( function( el ) { + el.className = "i"; + return !el.getAttribute( "className" ); + } ); + + /* getElement(s)By* + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // Check if getElementsByTagName("*") returns only elements + support.getElementsByTagName = assert( function( el ) { + el.appendChild( document.createComment( "" ) ); + return !el.getElementsByTagName( "*" ).length; + } ); + + // Support: IE<9 + support.getElementsByClassName = rnative.test( document.getElementsByClassName ); + + // Support: IE<10 + // Check if getElementById returns elements by name + // The broken getElementById methods don't pick up programmatically-set names, + // so use a roundabout getElementsByName test + support.getById = assert( function( el ) { + docElem.appendChild( el ).id = expando; + return !document.getElementsByName || !document.getElementsByName( expando ).length; + } ); + + // ID filter and find + if ( support.getById ) { + Expr.filter[ "ID" ] = function( id ) { + var attrId = id.replace( runescape, funescape ); + return function( elem ) { + return elem.getAttribute( "id" ) === attrId; + }; + }; + Expr.find[ "ID" ] = function( id, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementById !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) { + var elem = context.getElementById( id ); + return elem ? [ elem ] : []; + } + }; + } else { + Expr.filter[ "ID" ] = function( id ) { + var attrId = id.replace( runescape, funescape ); + return function( elem ) { + var node = typeof elem.getAttributeNode !== "undefined" && + elem.getAttributeNode( "id" ); + return node && node.value === attrId; + }; + }; + + // Support: IE 6 - 7 only + // getElementById is not reliable as a find shortcut + Expr.find[ "ID" ] = function( id, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementById !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) { + var node, i, elems, + elem = context.getElementById( id ); + + if ( elem ) { + + // Verify the id attribute + node = elem.getAttributeNode( "id" ); + if ( node && node.value === id ) { + return [ elem ]; + } + + // Fall back on getElementsByName + elems = context.getElementsByName( id ); + i = 0; + while ( ( elem = elems[ i++ ] ) ) { + node = elem.getAttributeNode( "id" ); + if ( node && node.value === id ) { + return [ elem ]; + } + } + } + + return []; + } + }; + } + + // Tag + Expr.find[ "TAG" ] = support.getElementsByTagName ? + function( tag, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" ) { + return context.getElementsByTagName( tag ); + + // DocumentFragment nodes don't have gEBTN + } else if ( support.qsa ) { + return context.querySelectorAll( tag ); + } + } : + + function( tag, context ) { + var elem, + tmp = [], + i = 0, + + // By happy coincidence, a (broken) gEBTN appears on DocumentFragment nodes too + results = context.getElementsByTagName( tag ); + + // Filter out possible comments + if ( tag === "*" ) { + while ( ( elem = results[ i++ ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + tmp.push( elem ); + } + } + + return tmp; + } + return results; + }; + + // Class + Expr.find[ "CLASS" ] = support.getElementsByClassName && function( className, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementsByClassName !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) { + return context.getElementsByClassName( className ); + } + }; + + /* QSA/matchesSelector + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // QSA and matchesSelector support + + // matchesSelector(:active) reports false when true (IE9/Opera 11.5) + rbuggyMatches = []; + + // qSa(:focus) reports false when true (Chrome 21) + // We allow this because of a bug in IE8/9 that throws an error + // whenever `document.activeElement` is accessed on an iframe + // So, we allow :focus to pass through QSA all the time to avoid the IE error + // See https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/13378 + rbuggyQSA = []; + + if ( ( support.qsa = rnative.test( document.querySelectorAll ) ) ) { + + // Build QSA regex + // Regex strategy adopted from Diego Perini + assert( function( el ) { + + var input; + + // Select is set to empty string on purpose + // This is to test IE's treatment of not explicitly + // setting a boolean content attribute, + // since its presence should be enough + // https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/12359 + docElem.appendChild( el ).innerHTML = "" + + ""; + + // Support: IE8, Opera 11-12.16 + // Nothing should be selected when empty strings follow ^= or $= or *= + // The test attribute must be unknown in Opera but "safe" for WinRT + // https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/hh465388.aspx#attribute_section + if ( el.querySelectorAll( "[msallowcapture^='']" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "[*^$]=" + whitespace + "*(?:''|\"\")" ); + } + + // Support: IE8 + // Boolean attributes and "value" are not treated correctly + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[selected]" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "\\[" + whitespace + "*(?:value|" + booleans + ")" ); + } + + // Support: Chrome<29, Android<4.4, Safari<7.0+, iOS<7.0+, PhantomJS<1.9.8+ + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[id~=" + expando + "-]" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "~=" ); + } + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 15 - 18+ + // IE 11/Edge don't find elements on a `[name='']` query in some cases. + // Adding a temporary attribute to the document before the selection works + // around the issue. + // Interestingly, IE 10 & older don't seem to have the issue. + input = document.createElement( "input" ); + input.setAttribute( "name", "" ); + el.appendChild( input ); + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[name='']" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "\\[" + whitespace + "*name" + whitespace + "*=" + + whitespace + "*(?:''|\"\")" ); + } + + // Webkit/Opera - :checked should return selected option elements + // http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/#checked + // IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( ":checked" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ":checked" ); + } + + // Support: Safari 8+, iOS 8+ + // https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=136851 + // In-page `selector#id sibling-combinator selector` fails + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "a#" + expando + "+*" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ".#.+[+~]" ); + } + + // Support: Firefox <=3.6 - 5 only + // Old Firefox doesn't throw on a badly-escaped identifier. + el.querySelectorAll( "\\\f" ); + rbuggyQSA.push( "[\\r\\n\\f]" ); + } ); + + assert( function( el ) { + el.innerHTML = "" + + ""; + + // Support: Windows 8 Native Apps + // The type and name attributes are restricted during .innerHTML assignment + var input = document.createElement( "input" ); + input.setAttribute( "type", "hidden" ); + el.appendChild( input ).setAttribute( "name", "D" ); + + // Support: IE8 + // Enforce case-sensitivity of name attribute + if ( el.querySelectorAll( "[name=d]" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "name" + whitespace + "*[*^$|!~]?=" ); + } + + // FF 3.5 - :enabled/:disabled and hidden elements (hidden elements are still enabled) + // IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests + if ( el.querySelectorAll( ":enabled" ).length !== 2 ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ":enabled", ":disabled" ); + } + + // Support: IE9-11+ + // IE's :disabled selector does not pick up the children of disabled fieldsets + docElem.appendChild( el ).disabled = true; + if ( el.querySelectorAll( ":disabled" ).length !== 2 ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ":enabled", ":disabled" ); + } + + // Support: Opera 10 - 11 only + // Opera 10-11 does not throw on post-comma invalid pseudos + el.querySelectorAll( "*,:x" ); + rbuggyQSA.push( ",.*:" ); + } ); + } + + if ( ( support.matchesSelector = rnative.test( ( matches = docElem.matches || + docElem.webkitMatchesSelector || + docElem.mozMatchesSelector || + docElem.oMatchesSelector || + docElem.msMatchesSelector ) ) ) ) { + + assert( function( el ) { + + // Check to see if it's possible to do matchesSelector + // on a disconnected node (IE 9) + support.disconnectedMatch = matches.call( el, "*" ); + + // This should fail with an exception + // Gecko does not error, returns false instead + matches.call( el, "[s!='']:x" ); + rbuggyMatches.push( "!=", pseudos ); + } ); + } + + rbuggyQSA = rbuggyQSA.length && new RegExp( rbuggyQSA.join( "|" ) ); + rbuggyMatches = rbuggyMatches.length && new RegExp( rbuggyMatches.join( "|" ) ); + + /* Contains + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + hasCompare = rnative.test( docElem.compareDocumentPosition ); + + // Element contains another + // Purposefully self-exclusive + // As in, an element does not contain itself + contains = hasCompare || rnative.test( docElem.contains ) ? + function( a, b ) { + var adown = a.nodeType === 9 ? a.documentElement : a, + bup = b && b.parentNode; + return a === bup || !!( bup && bup.nodeType === 1 && ( + adown.contains ? + adown.contains( bup ) : + a.compareDocumentPosition && a.compareDocumentPosition( bup ) & 16 + ) ); + } : + function( a, b ) { + if ( b ) { + while ( ( b = b.parentNode ) ) { + if ( b === a ) { + return true; + } + } + } + return false; + }; + + /* Sorting + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // Document order sorting + sortOrder = hasCompare ? + function( a, b ) { + + // Flag for duplicate removal + if ( a === b ) { + hasDuplicate = true; + return 0; + } + + // Sort on method existence if only one input has compareDocumentPosition + var compare = !a.compareDocumentPosition - !b.compareDocumentPosition; + if ( compare ) { + return compare; + } + + // Calculate position if both inputs belong to the same document + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + compare = ( a.ownerDocument || a ) == ( b.ownerDocument || b ) ? + a.compareDocumentPosition( b ) : + + // Otherwise we know they are disconnected + 1; + + // Disconnected nodes + if ( compare & 1 || + ( !support.sortDetached && b.compareDocumentPosition( a ) === compare ) ) { + + // Choose the first element that is related to our preferred document + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( a == document || a.ownerDocument == preferredDoc && + contains( preferredDoc, a ) ) { + return -1; + } + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( b == document || b.ownerDocument == preferredDoc && + contains( preferredDoc, b ) ) { + return 1; + } + + // Maintain original order + return sortInput ? + ( indexOf( sortInput, a ) - indexOf( sortInput, b ) ) : + 0; + } + + return compare & 4 ? -1 : 1; + } : + function( a, b ) { + + // Exit early if the nodes are identical + if ( a === b ) { + hasDuplicate = true; + return 0; + } + + var cur, + i = 0, + aup = a.parentNode, + bup = b.parentNode, + ap = [ a ], + bp = [ b ]; + + // Parentless nodes are either documents or disconnected + if ( !aup || !bup ) { + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + /* eslint-disable eqeqeq */ + return a == document ? -1 : + b == document ? 1 : + /* eslint-enable eqeqeq */ + aup ? -1 : + bup ? 1 : + sortInput ? + ( indexOf( sortInput, a ) - indexOf( sortInput, b ) ) : + 0; + + // If the nodes are siblings, we can do a quick check + } else if ( aup === bup ) { + return siblingCheck( a, b ); + } + + // Otherwise we need full lists of their ancestors for comparison + cur = a; + while ( ( cur = cur.parentNode ) ) { + ap.unshift( cur ); + } + cur = b; + while ( ( cur = cur.parentNode ) ) { + bp.unshift( cur ); + } + + // Walk down the tree looking for a discrepancy + while ( ap[ i ] === bp[ i ] ) { + i++; + } + + return i ? + + // Do a sibling check if the nodes have a common ancestor + siblingCheck( ap[ i ], bp[ i ] ) : + + // Otherwise nodes in our document sort first + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + /* eslint-disable eqeqeq */ + ap[ i ] == preferredDoc ? -1 : + bp[ i ] == preferredDoc ? 1 : + /* eslint-enable eqeqeq */ + 0; + }; + + return document; +}; + +Sizzle.matches = function( expr, elements ) { + return Sizzle( expr, null, null, elements ); +}; + +Sizzle.matchesSelector = function( elem, expr ) { + setDocument( elem ); + + if ( support.matchesSelector && documentIsHTML && + !nonnativeSelectorCache[ expr + " " ] && + ( !rbuggyMatches || !rbuggyMatches.test( expr ) ) && + ( !rbuggyQSA || !rbuggyQSA.test( expr ) ) ) { + + try { + var ret = matches.call( elem, expr ); + + // IE 9's matchesSelector returns false on disconnected nodes + if ( ret || support.disconnectedMatch || + + // As well, disconnected nodes are said to be in a document + // fragment in IE 9 + elem.document && elem.document.nodeType !== 11 ) { + return ret; + } + } catch ( e ) { + nonnativeSelectorCache( expr, true ); + } + } + + return Sizzle( expr, document, null, [ elem ] ).length > 0; +}; + +Sizzle.contains = function( context, elem ) { + + // Set document vars if needed + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( ( context.ownerDocument || context ) != document ) { + setDocument( context ); + } + return contains( context, elem ); +}; + +Sizzle.attr = function( elem, name ) { + + // Set document vars if needed + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ) != document ) { + setDocument( elem ); + } + + var fn = Expr.attrHandle[ name.toLowerCase() ], + + // Don't get fooled by Object.prototype properties (jQuery #13807) + val = fn && hasOwn.call( Expr.attrHandle, name.toLowerCase() ) ? + fn( elem, name, !documentIsHTML ) : + undefined; + + return val !== undefined ? + val : + support.attributes || !documentIsHTML ? + elem.getAttribute( name ) : + ( val = elem.getAttributeNode( name ) ) && val.specified ? + val.value : + null; +}; + +Sizzle.escape = function( sel ) { + return ( sel + "" ).replace( rcssescape, fcssescape ); +}; + +Sizzle.error = function( msg ) { + throw new Error( "Syntax error, unrecognized expression: " + msg ); +}; + +/** + * Document sorting and removing duplicates + * @param {ArrayLike} results + */ +Sizzle.uniqueSort = function( results ) { + var elem, + duplicates = [], + j = 0, + i = 0; + + // Unless we *know* we can detect duplicates, assume their presence + hasDuplicate = !support.detectDuplicates; + sortInput = !support.sortStable && results.slice( 0 ); + results.sort( sortOrder ); + + if ( hasDuplicate ) { + while ( ( elem = results[ i++ ] ) ) { + if ( elem === results[ i ] ) { + j = duplicates.push( i ); + } + } + while ( j-- ) { + results.splice( duplicates[ j ], 1 ); + } + } + + // Clear input after sorting to release objects + // See https://github.com/jquery/sizzle/pull/225 + sortInput = null; + + return results; +}; + +/** + * Utility function for retrieving the text value of an array of DOM nodes + * @param {Array|Element} elem + */ +getText = Sizzle.getText = function( elem ) { + var node, + ret = "", + i = 0, + nodeType = elem.nodeType; + + if ( !nodeType ) { + + // If no nodeType, this is expected to be an array + while ( ( node = elem[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Do not traverse comment nodes + ret += getText( node ); + } + } else if ( nodeType === 1 || nodeType === 9 || nodeType === 11 ) { + + // Use textContent for elements + // innerText usage removed for consistency of new lines (jQuery #11153) + if ( typeof elem.textContent === "string" ) { + return elem.textContent; + } else { + + // Traverse its children + for ( elem = elem.firstChild; elem; elem = elem.nextSibling ) { + ret += getText( elem ); + } + } + } else if ( nodeType === 3 || nodeType === 4 ) { + return elem.nodeValue; + } + + // Do not include comment or processing instruction nodes + + return ret; +}; + +Expr = Sizzle.selectors = { + + // Can be adjusted by the user + cacheLength: 50, + + createPseudo: markFunction, + + match: matchExpr, + + attrHandle: {}, + + find: {}, + + relative: { + ">": { dir: "parentNode", first: true }, + " ": { dir: "parentNode" }, + "+": { dir: "previousSibling", first: true }, + "~": { dir: "previousSibling" } + }, + + preFilter: { + "ATTR": function( match ) { + match[ 1 ] = match[ 1 ].replace( runescape, funescape ); + + // Move the given value to match[3] whether quoted or unquoted + match[ 3 ] = ( match[ 3 ] || match[ 4 ] || + match[ 5 ] || "" ).replace( runescape, funescape ); + + if ( match[ 2 ] === "~=" ) { + match[ 3 ] = " " + match[ 3 ] + " "; + } + + return match.slice( 0, 4 ); + }, + + "CHILD": function( match ) { + + /* matches from matchExpr["CHILD"] + 1 type (only|nth|...) + 2 what (child|of-type) + 3 argument (even|odd|\d*|\d*n([+-]\d+)?|...) + 4 xn-component of xn+y argument ([+-]?\d*n|) + 5 sign of xn-component + 6 x of xn-component + 7 sign of y-component + 8 y of y-component + */ + match[ 1 ] = match[ 1 ].toLowerCase(); + + if ( match[ 1 ].slice( 0, 3 ) === "nth" ) { + + // nth-* requires argument + if ( !match[ 3 ] ) { + Sizzle.error( match[ 0 ] ); + } + + // numeric x and y parameters for Expr.filter.CHILD + // remember that false/true cast respectively to 0/1 + match[ 4 ] = +( match[ 4 ] ? + match[ 5 ] + ( match[ 6 ] || 1 ) : + 2 * ( match[ 3 ] === "even" || match[ 3 ] === "odd" ) ); + match[ 5 ] = +( ( match[ 7 ] + match[ 8 ] ) || match[ 3 ] === "odd" ); + + // other types prohibit arguments + } else if ( match[ 3 ] ) { + Sizzle.error( match[ 0 ] ); + } + + return match; + }, + + "PSEUDO": function( match ) { + var excess, + unquoted = !match[ 6 ] && match[ 2 ]; + + if ( matchExpr[ "CHILD" ].test( match[ 0 ] ) ) { + return null; + } + + // Accept quoted arguments as-is + if ( match[ 3 ] ) { + match[ 2 ] = match[ 4 ] || match[ 5 ] || ""; + + // Strip excess characters from unquoted arguments + } else if ( unquoted && rpseudo.test( unquoted ) && + + // Get excess from tokenize (recursively) + ( excess = tokenize( unquoted, true ) ) && + + // advance to the next closing parenthesis + ( excess = unquoted.indexOf( ")", unquoted.length - excess ) - unquoted.length ) ) { + + // excess is a negative index + match[ 0 ] = match[ 0 ].slice( 0, excess ); + match[ 2 ] = unquoted.slice( 0, excess ); + } + + // Return only captures needed by the pseudo filter method (type and argument) + return match.slice( 0, 3 ); + } + }, + + filter: { + + "TAG": function( nodeNameSelector ) { + var nodeName = nodeNameSelector.replace( runescape, funescape ).toLowerCase(); + return nodeNameSelector === "*" ? + function() { + return true; + } : + function( elem ) { + return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === nodeName; + }; + }, + + "CLASS": function( className ) { + var pattern = classCache[ className + " " ]; + + return pattern || + ( pattern = new RegExp( "(^|" + whitespace + + ")" + className + "(" + whitespace + "|$)" ) ) && classCache( + className, function( elem ) { + return pattern.test( + typeof elem.className === "string" && elem.className || + typeof elem.getAttribute !== "undefined" && + elem.getAttribute( "class" ) || + "" + ); + } ); + }, + + "ATTR": function( name, operator, check ) { + return function( elem ) { + var result = Sizzle.attr( elem, name ); + + if ( result == null ) { + return operator === "!="; + } + if ( !operator ) { + return true; + } + + result += ""; + + /* eslint-disable max-len */ + + return operator === "=" ? result === check : + operator === "!=" ? result !== check : + operator === "^=" ? check && result.indexOf( check ) === 0 : + operator === "*=" ? check && result.indexOf( check ) > -1 : + operator === "$=" ? check && result.slice( -check.length ) === check : + operator === "~=" ? ( " " + result.replace( rwhitespace, " " ) + " " ).indexOf( check ) > -1 : + operator === "|=" ? result === check || result.slice( 0, check.length + 1 ) === check + "-" : + false; + /* eslint-enable max-len */ + + }; + }, + + "CHILD": function( type, what, _argument, first, last ) { + var simple = type.slice( 0, 3 ) !== "nth", + forward = type.slice( -4 ) !== "last", + ofType = what === "of-type"; + + return first === 1 && last === 0 ? + + // Shortcut for :nth-*(n) + function( elem ) { + return !!elem.parentNode; + } : + + function( elem, _context, xml ) { + var cache, uniqueCache, outerCache, node, nodeIndex, start, + dir = simple !== forward ? "nextSibling" : "previousSibling", + parent = elem.parentNode, + name = ofType && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(), + useCache = !xml && !ofType, + diff = false; + + if ( parent ) { + + // :(first|last|only)-(child|of-type) + if ( simple ) { + while ( dir ) { + node = elem; + while ( ( node = node[ dir ] ) ) { + if ( ofType ? + node.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name : + node.nodeType === 1 ) { + + return false; + } + } + + // Reverse direction for :only-* (if we haven't yet done so) + start = dir = type === "only" && !start && "nextSibling"; + } + return true; + } + + start = [ forward ? parent.firstChild : parent.lastChild ]; + + // non-xml :nth-child(...) stores cache data on `parent` + if ( forward && useCache ) { + + // Seek `elem` from a previously-cached index + + // ...in a gzip-friendly way + node = parent; + outerCache = node[ expando ] || ( node[ expando ] = {} ); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] || + ( outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {} ); + + cache = uniqueCache[ type ] || []; + nodeIndex = cache[ 0 ] === dirruns && cache[ 1 ]; + diff = nodeIndex && cache[ 2 ]; + node = nodeIndex && parent.childNodes[ nodeIndex ]; + + while ( ( node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[ dir ] || + + // Fallback to seeking `elem` from the start + ( diff = nodeIndex = 0 ) || start.pop() ) ) { + + // When found, cache indexes on `parent` and break + if ( node.nodeType === 1 && ++diff && node === elem ) { + uniqueCache[ type ] = [ dirruns, nodeIndex, diff ]; + break; + } + } + + } else { + + // Use previously-cached element index if available + if ( useCache ) { + + // ...in a gzip-friendly way + node = elem; + outerCache = node[ expando ] || ( node[ expando ] = {} ); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] || + ( outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {} ); + + cache = uniqueCache[ type ] || []; + nodeIndex = cache[ 0 ] === dirruns && cache[ 1 ]; + diff = nodeIndex; + } + + // xml :nth-child(...) + // or :nth-last-child(...) or :nth(-last)?-of-type(...) + if ( diff === false ) { + + // Use the same loop as above to seek `elem` from the start + while ( ( node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[ dir ] || + ( diff = nodeIndex = 0 ) || start.pop() ) ) { + + if ( ( ofType ? + node.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name : + node.nodeType === 1 ) && + ++diff ) { + + // Cache the index of each encountered element + if ( useCache ) { + outerCache = node[ expando ] || + ( node[ expando ] = {} ); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] || + ( outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {} ); + + uniqueCache[ type ] = [ dirruns, diff ]; + } + + if ( node === elem ) { + break; + } + } + } + } + } + + // Incorporate the offset, then check against cycle size + diff -= last; + return diff === first || ( diff % first === 0 && diff / first >= 0 ); + } + }; + }, + + "PSEUDO": function( pseudo, argument ) { + + // pseudo-class names are case-insensitive + // http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#pseudo-classes + // Prioritize by case sensitivity in case custom pseudos are added with uppercase letters + // Remember that setFilters inherits from pseudos + var args, + fn = Expr.pseudos[ pseudo ] || Expr.setFilters[ pseudo.toLowerCase() ] || + Sizzle.error( "unsupported pseudo: " + pseudo ); + + // The user may use createPseudo to indicate that + // arguments are needed to create the filter function + // just as Sizzle does + if ( fn[ expando ] ) { + return fn( argument ); + } + + // But maintain support for old signatures + if ( fn.length > 1 ) { + args = [ pseudo, pseudo, "", argument ]; + return Expr.setFilters.hasOwnProperty( pseudo.toLowerCase() ) ? + markFunction( function( seed, matches ) { + var idx, + matched = fn( seed, argument ), + i = matched.length; + while ( i-- ) { + idx = indexOf( seed, matched[ i ] ); + seed[ idx ] = !( matches[ idx ] = matched[ i ] ); + } + } ) : + function( elem ) { + return fn( elem, 0, args ); + }; + } + + return fn; + } + }, + + pseudos: { + + // Potentially complex pseudos + "not": markFunction( function( selector ) { + + // Trim the selector passed to compile + // to avoid treating leading and trailing + // spaces as combinators + var input = [], + results = [], + matcher = compile( selector.replace( rtrim, "$1" ) ); + + return matcher[ expando ] ? + markFunction( function( seed, matches, _context, xml ) { + var elem, + unmatched = matcher( seed, null, xml, [] ), + i = seed.length; + + // Match elements unmatched by `matcher` + while ( i-- ) { + if ( ( elem = unmatched[ i ] ) ) { + seed[ i ] = !( matches[ i ] = elem ); + } + } + } ) : + function( elem, _context, xml ) { + input[ 0 ] = elem; + matcher( input, null, xml, results ); + + // Don't keep the element (issue #299) + input[ 0 ] = null; + return !results.pop(); + }; + } ), + + "has": markFunction( function( selector ) { + return function( elem ) { + return Sizzle( selector, elem ).length > 0; + }; + } ), + + "contains": markFunction( function( text ) { + text = text.replace( runescape, funescape ); + return function( elem ) { + return ( elem.textContent || getText( elem ) ).indexOf( text ) > -1; + }; + } ), + + // "Whether an element is represented by a :lang() selector + // is based solely on the element's language value + // being equal to the identifier C, + // or beginning with the identifier C immediately followed by "-". + // The matching of C against the element's language value is performed case-insensitively. + // The identifier C does not have to be a valid language name." + // http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#lang-pseudo + "lang": markFunction( function( lang ) { + + // lang value must be a valid identifier + if ( !ridentifier.test( lang || "" ) ) { + Sizzle.error( "unsupported lang: " + lang ); + } + lang = lang.replace( runescape, funescape ).toLowerCase(); + return function( elem ) { + var elemLang; + do { + if ( ( elemLang = documentIsHTML ? + elem.lang : + elem.getAttribute( "xml:lang" ) || elem.getAttribute( "lang" ) ) ) { + + elemLang = elemLang.toLowerCase(); + return elemLang === lang || elemLang.indexOf( lang + "-" ) === 0; + } + } while ( ( elem = elem.parentNode ) && elem.nodeType === 1 ); + return false; + }; + } ), + + // Miscellaneous + "target": function( elem ) { + var hash = window.location && window.location.hash; + return hash && hash.slice( 1 ) === elem.id; + }, + + "root": function( elem ) { + return elem === docElem; + }, + + "focus": function( elem ) { + return elem === document.activeElement && + ( !document.hasFocus || document.hasFocus() ) && + !!( elem.type || elem.href || ~elem.tabIndex ); + }, + + // Boolean properties + "enabled": createDisabledPseudo( false ), + "disabled": createDisabledPseudo( true ), + + "checked": function( elem ) { + + // In CSS3, :checked should return both checked and selected elements + // http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/#checked + var nodeName = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return ( nodeName === "input" && !!elem.checked ) || + ( nodeName === "option" && !!elem.selected ); + }, + + "selected": function( elem ) { + + // Accessing this property makes selected-by-default + // options in Safari work properly + if ( elem.parentNode ) { + // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-expressions + elem.parentNode.selectedIndex; + } + + return elem.selected === true; + }, + + // Contents + "empty": function( elem ) { + + // http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#empty-pseudo + // :empty is negated by element (1) or content nodes (text: 3; cdata: 4; entity ref: 5), + // but not by others (comment: 8; processing instruction: 7; etc.) + // nodeType < 6 works because attributes (2) do not appear as children + for ( elem = elem.firstChild; elem; elem = elem.nextSibling ) { + if ( elem.nodeType < 6 ) { + return false; + } + } + return true; + }, + + "parent": function( elem ) { + return !Expr.pseudos[ "empty" ]( elem ); + }, + + // Element/input types + "header": function( elem ) { + return rheader.test( elem.nodeName ); + }, + + "input": function( elem ) { + return rinputs.test( elem.nodeName ); + }, + + "button": function( elem ) { + var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return name === "input" && elem.type === "button" || name === "button"; + }, + + "text": function( elem ) { + var attr; + return elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" && + elem.type === "text" && + + // Support: IE<8 + // New HTML5 attribute values (e.g., "search") appear with elem.type === "text" + ( ( attr = elem.getAttribute( "type" ) ) == null || + attr.toLowerCase() === "text" ); + }, + + // Position-in-collection + "first": createPositionalPseudo( function() { + return [ 0 ]; + } ), + + "last": createPositionalPseudo( function( _matchIndexes, length ) { + return [ length - 1 ]; + } ), + + "eq": createPositionalPseudo( function( _matchIndexes, length, argument ) { + return [ argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument ]; + } ), + + "even": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length ) { + var i = 0; + for ( ; i < length; i += 2 ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + } ), + + "odd": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length ) { + var i = 1; + for ( ; i < length; i += 2 ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + } ), + + "lt": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) { + var i = argument < 0 ? + argument + length : + argument > length ? + length : + argument; + for ( ; --i >= 0; ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + } ), + + "gt": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) { + var i = argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument; + for ( ; ++i < length; ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + } ) + } +}; + +Expr.pseudos[ "nth" ] = Expr.pseudos[ "eq" ]; + +// Add button/input type pseudos +for ( i in { radio: true, checkbox: true, file: true, password: true, image: true } ) { + Expr.pseudos[ i ] = createInputPseudo( i ); +} +for ( i in { submit: true, reset: true } ) { + Expr.pseudos[ i ] = createButtonPseudo( i ); +} + +// Easy API for creating new setFilters +function setFilters() {} +setFilters.prototype = Expr.filters = Expr.pseudos; +Expr.setFilters = new setFilters(); + +tokenize = Sizzle.tokenize = function( selector, parseOnly ) { + var matched, match, tokens, type, + soFar, groups, preFilters, + cached = tokenCache[ selector + " " ]; + + if ( cached ) { + return parseOnly ? 0 : cached.slice( 0 ); + } + + soFar = selector; + groups = []; + preFilters = Expr.preFilter; + + while ( soFar ) { + + // Comma and first run + if ( !matched || ( match = rcomma.exec( soFar ) ) ) { + if ( match ) { + + // Don't consume trailing commas as valid + soFar = soFar.slice( match[ 0 ].length ) || soFar; + } + groups.push( ( tokens = [] ) ); + } + + matched = false; + + // Combinators + if ( ( match = rcombinators.exec( soFar ) ) ) { + matched = match.shift(); + tokens.push( { + value: matched, + + // Cast descendant combinators to space + type: match[ 0 ].replace( rtrim, " " ) + } ); + soFar = soFar.slice( matched.length ); + } + + // Filters + for ( type in Expr.filter ) { + if ( ( match = matchExpr[ type ].exec( soFar ) ) && ( !preFilters[ type ] || + ( match = preFilters[ type ]( match ) ) ) ) { + matched = match.shift(); + tokens.push( { + value: matched, + type: type, + matches: match + } ); + soFar = soFar.slice( matched.length ); + } + } + + if ( !matched ) { + break; + } + } + + // Return the length of the invalid excess + // if we're just parsing + // Otherwise, throw an error or return tokens + return parseOnly ? + soFar.length : + soFar ? + Sizzle.error( selector ) : + + // Cache the tokens + tokenCache( selector, groups ).slice( 0 ); +}; + +function toSelector( tokens ) { + var i = 0, + len = tokens.length, + selector = ""; + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + selector += tokens[ i ].value; + } + return selector; +} + +function addCombinator( matcher, combinator, base ) { + var dir = combinator.dir, + skip = combinator.next, + key = skip || dir, + checkNonElements = base && key === "parentNode", + doneName = done++; + + return combinator.first ? + + // Check against closest ancestor/preceding element + function( elem, context, xml ) { + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) { + return matcher( elem, context, xml ); + } + } + return false; + } : + + // Check against all ancestor/preceding elements + function( elem, context, xml ) { + var oldCache, uniqueCache, outerCache, + newCache = [ dirruns, doneName ]; + + // We can't set arbitrary data on XML nodes, so they don't benefit from combinator caching + if ( xml ) { + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) { + if ( matcher( elem, context, xml ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } + } else { + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) { + outerCache = elem[ expando ] || ( elem[ expando ] = {} ); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ elem.uniqueID ] || + ( outerCache[ elem.uniqueID ] = {} ); + + if ( skip && skip === elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() ) { + elem = elem[ dir ] || elem; + } else if ( ( oldCache = uniqueCache[ key ] ) && + oldCache[ 0 ] === dirruns && oldCache[ 1 ] === doneName ) { + + // Assign to newCache so results back-propagate to previous elements + return ( newCache[ 2 ] = oldCache[ 2 ] ); + } else { + + // Reuse newcache so results back-propagate to previous elements + uniqueCache[ key ] = newCache; + + // A match means we're done; a fail means we have to keep checking + if ( ( newCache[ 2 ] = matcher( elem, context, xml ) ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } + } + } + return false; + }; +} + +function elementMatcher( matchers ) { + return matchers.length > 1 ? + function( elem, context, xml ) { + var i = matchers.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( !matchers[ i ]( elem, context, xml ) ) { + return false; + } + } + return true; + } : + matchers[ 0 ]; +} + +function multipleContexts( selector, contexts, results ) { + var i = 0, + len = contexts.length; + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + Sizzle( selector, contexts[ i ], results ); + } + return results; +} + +function condense( unmatched, map, filter, context, xml ) { + var elem, + newUnmatched = [], + i = 0, + len = unmatched.length, + mapped = map != null; + + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( ( elem = unmatched[ i ] ) ) { + if ( !filter || filter( elem, context, xml ) ) { + newUnmatched.push( elem ); + if ( mapped ) { + map.push( i ); + } + } + } + } + + return newUnmatched; +} + +function setMatcher( preFilter, selector, matcher, postFilter, postFinder, postSelector ) { + if ( postFilter && !postFilter[ expando ] ) { + postFilter = setMatcher( postFilter ); + } + if ( postFinder && !postFinder[ expando ] ) { + postFinder = setMatcher( postFinder, postSelector ); + } + return markFunction( function( seed, results, context, xml ) { + var temp, i, elem, + preMap = [], + postMap = [], + preexisting = results.length, + + // Get initial elements from seed or context + elems = seed || multipleContexts( + selector || "*", + context.nodeType ? [ context ] : context, + [] + ), + + // Prefilter to get matcher input, preserving a map for seed-results synchronization + matcherIn = preFilter && ( seed || !selector ) ? + condense( elems, preMap, preFilter, context, xml ) : + elems, + + matcherOut = matcher ? + + // If we have a postFinder, or filtered seed, or non-seed postFilter or preexisting results, + postFinder || ( seed ? preFilter : preexisting || postFilter ) ? + + // ...intermediate processing is necessary + [] : + + // ...otherwise use results directly + results : + matcherIn; + + // Find primary matches + if ( matcher ) { + matcher( matcherIn, matcherOut, context, xml ); + } + + // Apply postFilter + if ( postFilter ) { + temp = condense( matcherOut, postMap ); + postFilter( temp, [], context, xml ); + + // Un-match failing elements by moving them back to matcherIn + i = temp.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( ( elem = temp[ i ] ) ) { + matcherOut[ postMap[ i ] ] = !( matcherIn[ postMap[ i ] ] = elem ); + } + } + } + + if ( seed ) { + if ( postFinder || preFilter ) { + if ( postFinder ) { + + // Get the final matcherOut by condensing this intermediate into postFinder contexts + temp = []; + i = matcherOut.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( ( elem = matcherOut[ i ] ) ) { + + // Restore matcherIn since elem is not yet a final match + temp.push( ( matcherIn[ i ] = elem ) ); + } + } + postFinder( null, ( matcherOut = [] ), temp, xml ); + } + + // Move matched elements from seed to results to keep them synchronized + i = matcherOut.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( ( elem = matcherOut[ i ] ) && + ( temp = postFinder ? indexOf( seed, elem ) : preMap[ i ] ) > -1 ) { + + seed[ temp ] = !( results[ temp ] = elem ); + } + } + } + + // Add elements to results, through postFinder if defined + } else { + matcherOut = condense( + matcherOut === results ? + matcherOut.splice( preexisting, matcherOut.length ) : + matcherOut + ); + if ( postFinder ) { + postFinder( null, results, matcherOut, xml ); + } else { + push.apply( results, matcherOut ); + } + } + } ); +} + +function matcherFromTokens( tokens ) { + var checkContext, matcher, j, + len = tokens.length, + leadingRelative = Expr.relative[ tokens[ 0 ].type ], + implicitRelative = leadingRelative || Expr.relative[ " " ], + i = leadingRelative ? 1 : 0, + + // The foundational matcher ensures that elements are reachable from top-level context(s) + matchContext = addCombinator( function( elem ) { + return elem === checkContext; + }, implicitRelative, true ), + matchAnyContext = addCombinator( function( elem ) { + return indexOf( checkContext, elem ) > -1; + }, implicitRelative, true ), + matchers = [ function( elem, context, xml ) { + var ret = ( !leadingRelative && ( xml || context !== outermostContext ) ) || ( + ( checkContext = context ).nodeType ? + matchContext( elem, context, xml ) : + matchAnyContext( elem, context, xml ) ); + + // Avoid hanging onto element (issue #299) + checkContext = null; + return ret; + } ]; + + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( ( matcher = Expr.relative[ tokens[ i ].type ] ) ) { + matchers = [ addCombinator( elementMatcher( matchers ), matcher ) ]; + } else { + matcher = Expr.filter[ tokens[ i ].type ].apply( null, tokens[ i ].matches ); + + // Return special upon seeing a positional matcher + if ( matcher[ expando ] ) { + + // Find the next relative operator (if any) for proper handling + j = ++i; + for ( ; j < len; j++ ) { + if ( Expr.relative[ tokens[ j ].type ] ) { + break; + } + } + return setMatcher( + i > 1 && elementMatcher( matchers ), + i > 1 && toSelector( + + // If the preceding token was a descendant combinator, insert an implicit any-element `*` + tokens + .slice( 0, i - 1 ) + .concat( { value: tokens[ i - 2 ].type === " " ? "*" : "" } ) + ).replace( rtrim, "$1" ), + matcher, + i < j && matcherFromTokens( tokens.slice( i, j ) ), + j < len && matcherFromTokens( ( tokens = tokens.slice( j ) ) ), + j < len && toSelector( tokens ) + ); + } + matchers.push( matcher ); + } + } + + return elementMatcher( matchers ); +} + +function matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers ) { + var bySet = setMatchers.length > 0, + byElement = elementMatchers.length > 0, + superMatcher = function( seed, context, xml, results, outermost ) { + var elem, j, matcher, + matchedCount = 0, + i = "0", + unmatched = seed && [], + setMatched = [], + contextBackup = outermostContext, + + // We must always have either seed elements or outermost context + elems = seed || byElement && Expr.find[ "TAG" ]( "*", outermost ), + + // Use integer dirruns iff this is the outermost matcher + dirrunsUnique = ( dirruns += contextBackup == null ? 1 : Math.random() || 0.1 ), + len = elems.length; + + if ( outermost ) { + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + outermostContext = context == document || context || outermost; + } + + // Add elements passing elementMatchers directly to results + // Support: IE<9, Safari + // Tolerate NodeList properties (IE: "length"; Safari: ) matching elements by id + for ( ; i !== len && ( elem = elems[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) { + if ( byElement && elem ) { + j = 0; + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( !context && elem.ownerDocument != document ) { + setDocument( elem ); + xml = !documentIsHTML; + } + while ( ( matcher = elementMatchers[ j++ ] ) ) { + if ( matcher( elem, context || document, xml ) ) { + results.push( elem ); + break; + } + } + if ( outermost ) { + dirruns = dirrunsUnique; + } + } + + // Track unmatched elements for set filters + if ( bySet ) { + + // They will have gone through all possible matchers + if ( ( elem = !matcher && elem ) ) { + matchedCount--; + } + + // Lengthen the array for every element, matched or not + if ( seed ) { + unmatched.push( elem ); + } + } + } + + // `i` is now the count of elements visited above, and adding it to `matchedCount` + // makes the latter nonnegative. + matchedCount += i; + + // Apply set filters to unmatched elements + // NOTE: This can be skipped if there are no unmatched elements (i.e., `matchedCount` + // equals `i`), unless we didn't visit _any_ elements in the above loop because we have + // no element matchers and no seed. + // Incrementing an initially-string "0" `i` allows `i` to remain a string only in that + // case, which will result in a "00" `matchedCount` that differs from `i` but is also + // numerically zero. + if ( bySet && i !== matchedCount ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( matcher = setMatchers[ j++ ] ) ) { + matcher( unmatched, setMatched, context, xml ); + } + + if ( seed ) { + + // Reintegrate element matches to eliminate the need for sorting + if ( matchedCount > 0 ) { + while ( i-- ) { + if ( !( unmatched[ i ] || setMatched[ i ] ) ) { + setMatched[ i ] = pop.call( results ); + } + } + } + + // Discard index placeholder values to get only actual matches + setMatched = condense( setMatched ); + } + + // Add matches to results + push.apply( results, setMatched ); + + // Seedless set matches succeeding multiple successful matchers stipulate sorting + if ( outermost && !seed && setMatched.length > 0 && + ( matchedCount + setMatchers.length ) > 1 ) { + + Sizzle.uniqueSort( results ); + } + } + + // Override manipulation of globals by nested matchers + if ( outermost ) { + dirruns = dirrunsUnique; + outermostContext = contextBackup; + } + + return unmatched; + }; + + return bySet ? + markFunction( superMatcher ) : + superMatcher; +} + +compile = Sizzle.compile = function( selector, match /* Internal Use Only */ ) { + var i, + setMatchers = [], + elementMatchers = [], + cached = compilerCache[ selector + " " ]; + + if ( !cached ) { + + // Generate a function of recursive functions that can be used to check each element + if ( !match ) { + match = tokenize( selector ); + } + i = match.length; + while ( i-- ) { + cached = matcherFromTokens( match[ i ] ); + if ( cached[ expando ] ) { + setMatchers.push( cached ); + } else { + elementMatchers.push( cached ); + } + } + + // Cache the compiled function + cached = compilerCache( + selector, + matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers ) + ); + + // Save selector and tokenization + cached.selector = selector; + } + return cached; +}; + +/** + * A low-level selection function that works with Sizzle's compiled + * selector functions + * @param {String|Function} selector A selector or a pre-compiled + * selector function built with Sizzle.compile + * @param {Element} context + * @param {Array} [results] + * @param {Array} [seed] A set of elements to match against + */ +select = Sizzle.select = function( selector, context, results, seed ) { + var i, tokens, token, type, find, + compiled = typeof selector === "function" && selector, + match = !seed && tokenize( ( selector = compiled.selector || selector ) ); + + results = results || []; + + // Try to minimize operations if there is only one selector in the list and no seed + // (the latter of which guarantees us context) + if ( match.length === 1 ) { + + // Reduce context if the leading compound selector is an ID + tokens = match[ 0 ] = match[ 0 ].slice( 0 ); + if ( tokens.length > 2 && ( token = tokens[ 0 ] ).type === "ID" && + context.nodeType === 9 && documentIsHTML && Expr.relative[ tokens[ 1 ].type ] ) { + + context = ( Expr.find[ "ID" ]( token.matches[ 0 ] + .replace( runescape, funescape ), context ) || [] )[ 0 ]; + if ( !context ) { + return results; + + // Precompiled matchers will still verify ancestry, so step up a level + } else if ( compiled ) { + context = context.parentNode; + } + + selector = selector.slice( tokens.shift().value.length ); + } + + // Fetch a seed set for right-to-left matching + i = matchExpr[ "needsContext" ].test( selector ) ? 0 : tokens.length; + while ( i-- ) { + token = tokens[ i ]; + + // Abort if we hit a combinator + if ( Expr.relative[ ( type = token.type ) ] ) { + break; + } + if ( ( find = Expr.find[ type ] ) ) { + + // Search, expanding context for leading sibling combinators + if ( ( seed = find( + token.matches[ 0 ].replace( runescape, funescape ), + rsibling.test( tokens[ 0 ].type ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || + context + ) ) ) { + + // If seed is empty or no tokens remain, we can return early + tokens.splice( i, 1 ); + selector = seed.length && toSelector( tokens ); + if ( !selector ) { + push.apply( results, seed ); + return results; + } + + break; + } + } + } + } + + // Compile and execute a filtering function if one is not provided + // Provide `match` to avoid retokenization if we modified the selector above + ( compiled || compile( selector, match ) )( + seed, + context, + !documentIsHTML, + results, + !context || rsibling.test( selector ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || context + ); + return results; +}; + +// One-time assignments + +// Sort stability +support.sortStable = expando.split( "" ).sort( sortOrder ).join( "" ) === expando; + +// Support: Chrome 14-35+ +// Always assume duplicates if they aren't passed to the comparison function +support.detectDuplicates = !!hasDuplicate; + +// Initialize against the default document +setDocument(); + +// Support: Webkit<537.32 - Safari 6.0.3/Chrome 25 (fixed in Chrome 27) +// Detached nodes confoundingly follow *each other* +support.sortDetached = assert( function( el ) { + + // Should return 1, but returns 4 (following) + return el.compareDocumentPosition( document.createElement( "fieldset" ) ) & 1; +} ); + +// Support: IE<8 +// Prevent attribute/property "interpolation" +// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536429%28VS.85%29.aspx +if ( !assert( function( el ) { + el.innerHTML = ""; + return el.firstChild.getAttribute( "href" ) === "#"; +} ) ) { + addHandle( "type|href|height|width", function( elem, name, isXML ) { + if ( !isXML ) { + return elem.getAttribute( name, name.toLowerCase() === "type" ? 1 : 2 ); + } + } ); +} + +// Support: IE<9 +// Use defaultValue in place of getAttribute("value") +if ( !support.attributes || !assert( function( el ) { + el.innerHTML = ""; + el.firstChild.setAttribute( "value", "" ); + return el.firstChild.getAttribute( "value" ) === ""; +} ) ) { + addHandle( "value", function( elem, _name, isXML ) { + if ( !isXML && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" ) { + return elem.defaultValue; + } + } ); +} + +// Support: IE<9 +// Use getAttributeNode to fetch booleans when getAttribute lies +if ( !assert( function( el ) { + return el.getAttribute( "disabled" ) == null; +} ) ) { + addHandle( booleans, function( elem, name, isXML ) { + var val; + if ( !isXML ) { + return elem[ name ] === true ? name.toLowerCase() : + ( val = elem.getAttributeNode( name ) ) && val.specified ? + val.value : + null; + } + } ); +} + +return Sizzle; + +} )( window ); + + + +jQuery.find = Sizzle; +jQuery.expr = Sizzle.selectors; + +// Deprecated +jQuery.expr[ ":" ] = jQuery.expr.pseudos; +jQuery.uniqueSort = jQuery.unique = Sizzle.uniqueSort; +jQuery.text = Sizzle.getText; +jQuery.isXMLDoc = Sizzle.isXML; +jQuery.contains = Sizzle.contains; +jQuery.escapeSelector = Sizzle.escape; + + + + +var dir = function( elem, dir, until ) { + var matched = [], + truncate = until !== undefined; + + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) && elem.nodeType !== 9 ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + if ( truncate && jQuery( elem ).is( until ) ) { + break; + } + matched.push( elem ); + } + } + return matched; +}; + + +var siblings = function( n, elem ) { + var matched = []; + + for ( ; n; n = n.nextSibling ) { + if ( n.nodeType === 1 && n !== elem ) { + matched.push( n ); + } + } + + return matched; +}; + + +var rneedsContext = jQuery.expr.match.needsContext; + + + +function nodeName( elem, name ) { + + return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name.toLowerCase(); + +} +var rsingleTag = ( /^<([a-z][^\/\0>:\x20\t\r\n\f]*)[\x20\t\r\n\f]*\/?>(?:<\/\1>|)$/i ); + + + +// Implement the identical functionality for filter and not +function winnow( elements, qualifier, not ) { + if ( isFunction( qualifier ) ) { + return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem, i ) { + return !!qualifier.call( elem, i, elem ) !== not; + } ); + } + + // Single element + if ( qualifier.nodeType ) { + return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem ) { + return ( elem === qualifier ) !== not; + } ); + } + + // Arraylike of elements (jQuery, arguments, Array) + if ( typeof qualifier !== "string" ) { + return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem ) { + return ( indexOf.call( qualifier, elem ) > -1 ) !== not; + } ); + } + + // Filtered directly for both simple and complex selectors + return jQuery.filter( qualifier, elements, not ); +} + +jQuery.filter = function( expr, elems, not ) { + var elem = elems[ 0 ]; + + if ( not ) { + expr = ":not(" + expr + ")"; + } + + if ( elems.length === 1 && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + return jQuery.find.matchesSelector( elem, expr ) ? [ elem ] : []; + } + + return jQuery.find.matches( expr, jQuery.grep( elems, function( elem ) { + return elem.nodeType === 1; + } ) ); +}; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + find: function( selector ) { + var i, ret, + len = this.length, + self = this; + + if ( typeof selector !== "string" ) { + return this.pushStack( jQuery( selector ).filter( function() { + for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( jQuery.contains( self[ i ], this ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } ) ); + } + + ret = this.pushStack( [] ); + + for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) { + jQuery.find( selector, self[ i ], ret ); + } + + return len > 1 ? jQuery.uniqueSort( ret ) : ret; + }, + filter: function( selector ) { + return this.pushStack( winnow( this, selector || [], false ) ); + }, + not: function( selector ) { + return this.pushStack( winnow( this, selector || [], true ) ); + }, + is: function( selector ) { + return !!winnow( + this, + + // If this is a positional/relative selector, check membership in the returned set + // so $("p:first").is("p:last") won't return true for a doc with two "p". + typeof selector === "string" && rneedsContext.test( selector ) ? + jQuery( selector ) : + selector || [], + false + ).length; + } +} ); + + +// Initialize a jQuery object + + +// A central reference to the root jQuery(document) +var rootjQuery, + + // A simple way to check for HTML strings + // Prioritize #id over to avoid XSS via location.hash (#9521) + // Strict HTML recognition (#11290: must start with <) + // Shortcut simple #id case for speed + rquickExpr = /^(?:\s*(<[\w\W]+>)[^>]*|#([\w-]+))$/, + + init = jQuery.fn.init = function( selector, context, root ) { + var match, elem; + + // HANDLE: $(""), $(null), $(undefined), $(false) + if ( !selector ) { + return this; + } + + // Method init() accepts an alternate rootjQuery + // so migrate can support jQuery.sub (gh-2101) + root = root || rootjQuery; + + // Handle HTML strings + if ( typeof selector === "string" ) { + if ( selector[ 0 ] === "<" && + selector[ selector.length - 1 ] === ">" && + selector.length >= 3 ) { + + // Assume that strings that start and end with <> are HTML and skip the regex check + match = [ null, selector, null ]; + + } else { + match = rquickExpr.exec( selector ); + } + + // Match html or make sure no context is specified for #id + if ( match && ( match[ 1 ] || !context ) ) { + + // HANDLE: $(html) -> $(array) + if ( match[ 1 ] ) { + context = context instanceof jQuery ? context[ 0 ] : context; + + // Option to run scripts is true for back-compat + // Intentionally let the error be thrown if parseHTML is not present + jQuery.merge( this, jQuery.parseHTML( + match[ 1 ], + context && context.nodeType ? context.ownerDocument || context : document, + true + ) ); + + // HANDLE: $(html, props) + if ( rsingleTag.test( match[ 1 ] ) && jQuery.isPlainObject( context ) ) { + for ( match in context ) { + + // Properties of context are called as methods if possible + if ( isFunction( this[ match ] ) ) { + this[ match ]( context[ match ] ); + + // ...and otherwise set as attributes + } else { + this.attr( match, context[ match ] ); + } + } + } + + return this; + + // HANDLE: $(#id) + } else { + elem = document.getElementById( match[ 2 ] ); + + if ( elem ) { + + // Inject the element directly into the jQuery object + this[ 0 ] = elem; + this.length = 1; + } + return this; + } + + // HANDLE: $(expr, $(...)) + } else if ( !context || context.jquery ) { + return ( context || root ).find( selector ); + + // HANDLE: $(expr, context) + // (which is just equivalent to: $(context).find(expr) + } else { + return this.constructor( context ).find( selector ); + } + + // HANDLE: $(DOMElement) + } else if ( selector.nodeType ) { + this[ 0 ] = selector; + this.length = 1; + return this; + + // HANDLE: $(function) + // Shortcut for document ready + } else if ( isFunction( selector ) ) { + return root.ready !== undefined ? + root.ready( selector ) : + + // Execute immediately if ready is not present + selector( jQuery ); + } + + return jQuery.makeArray( selector, this ); + }; + +// Give the init function the jQuery prototype for later instantiation +init.prototype = jQuery.fn; + +// Initialize central reference +rootjQuery = jQuery( document ); + + +var rparentsprev = /^(?:parents|prev(?:Until|All))/, + + // Methods guaranteed to produce a unique set when starting from a unique set + guaranteedUnique = { + children: true, + contents: true, + next: true, + prev: true + }; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + has: function( target ) { + var targets = jQuery( target, this ), + l = targets.length; + + return this.filter( function() { + var i = 0; + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + if ( jQuery.contains( this, targets[ i ] ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } ); + }, + + closest: function( selectors, context ) { + var cur, + i = 0, + l = this.length, + matched = [], + targets = typeof selectors !== "string" && jQuery( selectors ); + + // Positional selectors never match, since there's no _selection_ context + if ( !rneedsContext.test( selectors ) ) { + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + for ( cur = this[ i ]; cur && cur !== context; cur = cur.parentNode ) { + + // Always skip document fragments + if ( cur.nodeType < 11 && ( targets ? + targets.index( cur ) > -1 : + + // Don't pass non-elements to Sizzle + cur.nodeType === 1 && + jQuery.find.matchesSelector( cur, selectors ) ) ) { + + matched.push( cur ); + break; + } + } + } + } + + return this.pushStack( matched.length > 1 ? jQuery.uniqueSort( matched ) : matched ); + }, + + // Determine the position of an element within the set + index: function( elem ) { + + // No argument, return index in parent + if ( !elem ) { + return ( this[ 0 ] && this[ 0 ].parentNode ) ? this.first().prevAll().length : -1; + } + + // Index in selector + if ( typeof elem === "string" ) { + return indexOf.call( jQuery( elem ), this[ 0 ] ); + } + + // Locate the position of the desired element + return indexOf.call( this, + + // If it receives a jQuery object, the first element is used + elem.jquery ? elem[ 0 ] : elem + ); + }, + + add: function( selector, context ) { + return this.pushStack( + jQuery.uniqueSort( + jQuery.merge( this.get(), jQuery( selector, context ) ) + ) + ); + }, + + addBack: function( selector ) { + return this.add( selector == null ? + this.prevObject : this.prevObject.filter( selector ) + ); + } +} ); + +function sibling( cur, dir ) { + while ( ( cur = cur[ dir ] ) && cur.nodeType !== 1 ) {} + return cur; +} + +jQuery.each( { + parent: function( elem ) { + var parent = elem.parentNode; + return parent && parent.nodeType !== 11 ? parent : null; + }, + parents: function( elem ) { + return dir( elem, "parentNode" ); + }, + parentsUntil: function( elem, _i, until ) { + return dir( elem, "parentNode", until ); + }, + next: function( elem ) { + return sibling( elem, "nextSibling" ); + }, + prev: function( elem ) { + return sibling( elem, "previousSibling" ); + }, + nextAll: function( elem ) { + return dir( elem, "nextSibling" ); + }, + prevAll: function( elem ) { + return dir( elem, "previousSibling" ); + }, + nextUntil: function( elem, _i, until ) { + return dir( elem, "nextSibling", until ); + }, + prevUntil: function( elem, _i, until ) { + return dir( elem, "previousSibling", until ); + }, + siblings: function( elem ) { + return siblings( ( elem.parentNode || {} ).firstChild, elem ); + }, + children: function( elem ) { + return siblings( elem.firstChild ); + }, + contents: function( elem ) { + if ( elem.contentDocument != null && + + // Support: IE 11+ + // elements with no `data` attribute has an object + // `contentDocument` with a `null` prototype. + getProto( elem.contentDocument ) ) { + + return elem.contentDocument; + } + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only, iOS 7 only, Android Browser <=4.3 only + // Treat the template element as a regular one in browsers that + // don't support it. + if ( nodeName( elem, "template" ) ) { + elem = elem.content || elem; + } + + return jQuery.merge( [], elem.childNodes ); + } +}, function( name, fn ) { + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( until, selector ) { + var matched = jQuery.map( this, fn, until ); + + if ( name.slice( -5 ) !== "Until" ) { + selector = until; + } + + if ( selector && typeof selector === "string" ) { + matched = jQuery.filter( selector, matched ); + } + + if ( this.length > 1 ) { + + // Remove duplicates + if ( !guaranteedUnique[ name ] ) { + jQuery.uniqueSort( matched ); + } + + // Reverse order for parents* and prev-derivatives + if ( rparentsprev.test( name ) ) { + matched.reverse(); + } + } + + return this.pushStack( matched ); + }; +} ); +var rnothtmlwhite = ( /[^\x20\t\r\n\f]+/g ); + + + +// Convert String-formatted options into Object-formatted ones +function createOptions( options ) { + var object = {}; + jQuery.each( options.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [], function( _, flag ) { + object[ flag ] = true; + } ); + return object; +} + +/* + * Create a callback list using the following parameters: + * + * options: an optional list of space-separated options that will change how + * the callback list behaves or a more traditional option object + * + * By default a callback list will act like an event callback list and can be + * "fired" multiple times. + * + * Possible options: + * + * once: will ensure the callback list can only be fired once (like a Deferred) + * + * memory: will keep track of previous values and will call any callback added + * after the list has been fired right away with the latest "memorized" + * values (like a Deferred) + * + * unique: will ensure a callback can only be added once (no duplicate in the list) + * + * stopOnFalse: interrupt callings when a callback returns false + * + */ +jQuery.Callbacks = function( options ) { + + // Convert options from String-formatted to Object-formatted if needed + // (we check in cache first) + options = typeof options === "string" ? + createOptions( options ) : + jQuery.extend( {}, options ); + + var // Flag to know if list is currently firing + firing, + + // Last fire value for non-forgettable lists + memory, + + // Flag to know if list was already fired + fired, + + // Flag to prevent firing + locked, + + // Actual callback list + list = [], + + // Queue of execution data for repeatable lists + queue = [], + + // Index of currently firing callback (modified by add/remove as needed) + firingIndex = -1, + + // Fire callbacks + fire = function() { + + // Enforce single-firing + locked = locked || options.once; + + // Execute callbacks for all pending executions, + // respecting firingIndex overrides and runtime changes + fired = firing = true; + for ( ; queue.length; firingIndex = -1 ) { + memory = queue.shift(); + while ( ++firingIndex < list.length ) { + + // Run callback and check for early termination + if ( list[ firingIndex ].apply( memory[ 0 ], memory[ 1 ] ) === false && + options.stopOnFalse ) { + + // Jump to end and forget the data so .add doesn't re-fire + firingIndex = list.length; + memory = false; + } + } + } + + // Forget the data if we're done with it + if ( !options.memory ) { + memory = false; + } + + firing = false; + + // Clean up if we're done firing for good + if ( locked ) { + + // Keep an empty list if we have data for future add calls + if ( memory ) { + list = []; + + // Otherwise, this object is spent + } else { + list = ""; + } + } + }, + + // Actual Callbacks object + self = { + + // Add a callback or a collection of callbacks to the list + add: function() { + if ( list ) { + + // If we have memory from a past run, we should fire after adding + if ( memory && !firing ) { + firingIndex = list.length - 1; + queue.push( memory ); + } + + ( function add( args ) { + jQuery.each( args, function( _, arg ) { + if ( isFunction( arg ) ) { + if ( !options.unique || !self.has( arg ) ) { + list.push( arg ); + } + } else if ( arg && arg.length && toType( arg ) !== "string" ) { + + // Inspect recursively + add( arg ); + } + } ); + } )( arguments ); + + if ( memory && !firing ) { + fire(); + } + } + return this; + }, + + // Remove a callback from the list + remove: function() { + jQuery.each( arguments, function( _, arg ) { + var index; + while ( ( index = jQuery.inArray( arg, list, index ) ) > -1 ) { + list.splice( index, 1 ); + + // Handle firing indexes + if ( index <= firingIndex ) { + firingIndex--; + } + } + } ); + return this; + }, + + // Check if a given callback is in the list. + // If no argument is given, return whether or not list has callbacks attached. + has: function( fn ) { + return fn ? + jQuery.inArray( fn, list ) > -1 : + list.length > 0; + }, + + // Remove all callbacks from the list + empty: function() { + if ( list ) { + list = []; + } + return this; + }, + + // Disable .fire and .add + // Abort any current/pending executions + // Clear all callbacks and values + disable: function() { + locked = queue = []; + list = memory = ""; + return this; + }, + disabled: function() { + return !list; + }, + + // Disable .fire + // Also disable .add unless we have memory (since it would have no effect) + // Abort any pending executions + lock: function() { + locked = queue = []; + if ( !memory && !firing ) { + list = memory = ""; + } + return this; + }, + locked: function() { + return !!locked; + }, + + // Call all callbacks with the given context and arguments + fireWith: function( context, args ) { + if ( !locked ) { + args = args || []; + args = [ context, args.slice ? args.slice() : args ]; + queue.push( args ); + if ( !firing ) { + fire(); + } + } + return this; + }, + + // Call all the callbacks with the given arguments + fire: function() { + self.fireWith( this, arguments ); + return this; + }, + + // To know if the callbacks have already been called at least once + fired: function() { + return !!fired; + } + }; + + return self; +}; + + +function Identity( v ) { + return v; +} +function Thrower( ex ) { + throw ex; +} + +function adoptValue( value, resolve, reject, noValue ) { + var method; + + try { + + // Check for promise aspect first to privilege synchronous behavior + if ( value && isFunction( ( method = value.promise ) ) ) { + method.call( value ).done( resolve ).fail( reject ); + + // Other thenables + } else if ( value && isFunction( ( method = value.then ) ) ) { + method.call( value, resolve, reject ); + + // Other non-thenables + } else { + + // Control `resolve` arguments by letting Array#slice cast boolean `noValue` to integer: + // * false: [ value ].slice( 0 ) => resolve( value ) + // * true: [ value ].slice( 1 ) => resolve() + resolve.apply( undefined, [ value ].slice( noValue ) ); + } + + // For Promises/A+, convert exceptions into rejections + // Since jQuery.when doesn't unwrap thenables, we can skip the extra checks appearing in + // Deferred#then to conditionally suppress rejection. + } catch ( value ) { + + // Support: Android 4.0 only + // Strict mode functions invoked without .call/.apply get global-object context + reject.apply( undefined, [ value ] ); + } +} + +jQuery.extend( { + + Deferred: function( func ) { + var tuples = [ + + // action, add listener, callbacks, + // ... .then handlers, argument index, [final state] + [ "notify", "progress", jQuery.Callbacks( "memory" ), + jQuery.Callbacks( "memory" ), 2 ], + [ "resolve", "done", jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), + jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), 0, "resolved" ], + [ "reject", "fail", jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), + jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), 1, "rejected" ] + ], + state = "pending", + promise = { + state: function() { + return state; + }, + always: function() { + deferred.done( arguments ).fail( arguments ); + return this; + }, + "catch": function( fn ) { + return promise.then( null, fn ); + }, + + // Keep pipe for back-compat + pipe: function( /* fnDone, fnFail, fnProgress */ ) { + var fns = arguments; + + return jQuery.Deferred( function( newDefer ) { + jQuery.each( tuples, function( _i, tuple ) { + + // Map tuples (progress, done, fail) to arguments (done, fail, progress) + var fn = isFunction( fns[ tuple[ 4 ] ] ) && fns[ tuple[ 4 ] ]; + + // deferred.progress(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.notify }) + // deferred.done(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.resolve }) + // deferred.fail(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.reject }) + deferred[ tuple[ 1 ] ]( function() { + var returned = fn && fn.apply( this, arguments ); + if ( returned && isFunction( returned.promise ) ) { + returned.promise() + .progress( newDefer.notify ) + .done( newDefer.resolve ) + .fail( newDefer.reject ); + } else { + newDefer[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ]( + this, + fn ? [ returned ] : arguments + ); + } + } ); + } ); + fns = null; + } ).promise(); + }, + then: function( onFulfilled, onRejected, onProgress ) { + var maxDepth = 0; + function resolve( depth, deferred, handler, special ) { + return function() { + var that = this, + args = arguments, + mightThrow = function() { + var returned, then; + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.3 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-59 + // Ignore double-resolution attempts + if ( depth < maxDepth ) { + return; + } + + returned = handler.apply( that, args ); + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.1 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-48 + if ( returned === deferred.promise() ) { + throw new TypeError( "Thenable self-resolution" ); + } + + // Support: Promises/A+ sections 2.3.3.1, 3.5 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-54 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-75 + // Retrieve `then` only once + then = returned && + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.4 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-64 + // Only check objects and functions for thenability + ( typeof returned === "object" || + typeof returned === "function" ) && + returned.then; + + // Handle a returned thenable + if ( isFunction( then ) ) { + + // Special processors (notify) just wait for resolution + if ( special ) { + then.call( + returned, + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, special ), + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Thrower, special ) + ); + + // Normal processors (resolve) also hook into progress + } else { + + // ...and disregard older resolution values + maxDepth++; + + then.call( + returned, + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, special ), + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Thrower, special ), + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, + deferred.notifyWith ) + ); + } + + // Handle all other returned values + } else { + + // Only substitute handlers pass on context + // and multiple values (non-spec behavior) + if ( handler !== Identity ) { + that = undefined; + args = [ returned ]; + } + + // Process the value(s) + // Default process is resolve + ( special || deferred.resolveWith )( that, args ); + } + }, + + // Only normal processors (resolve) catch and reject exceptions + process = special ? + mightThrow : + function() { + try { + mightThrow(); + } catch ( e ) { + + if ( jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook ) { + jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook( e, + process.stackTrace ); + } + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.4.1 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-61 + // Ignore post-resolution exceptions + if ( depth + 1 >= maxDepth ) { + + // Only substitute handlers pass on context + // and multiple values (non-spec behavior) + if ( handler !== Thrower ) { + that = undefined; + args = [ e ]; + } + + deferred.rejectWith( that, args ); + } + } + }; + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.1 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-57 + // Re-resolve promises immediately to dodge false rejection from + // subsequent errors + if ( depth ) { + process(); + } else { + + // Call an optional hook to record the stack, in case of exception + // since it's otherwise lost when execution goes async + if ( jQuery.Deferred.getStackHook ) { + process.stackTrace = jQuery.Deferred.getStackHook(); + } + window.setTimeout( process ); + } + }; + } + + return jQuery.Deferred( function( newDefer ) { + + // progress_handlers.add( ... ) + tuples[ 0 ][ 3 ].add( + resolve( + 0, + newDefer, + isFunction( onProgress ) ? + onProgress : + Identity, + newDefer.notifyWith + ) + ); + + // fulfilled_handlers.add( ... ) + tuples[ 1 ][ 3 ].add( + resolve( + 0, + newDefer, + isFunction( onFulfilled ) ? + onFulfilled : + Identity + ) + ); + + // rejected_handlers.add( ... ) + tuples[ 2 ][ 3 ].add( + resolve( + 0, + newDefer, + isFunction( onRejected ) ? + onRejected : + Thrower + ) + ); + } ).promise(); + }, + + // Get a promise for this deferred + // If obj is provided, the promise aspect is added to the object + promise: function( obj ) { + return obj != null ? jQuery.extend( obj, promise ) : promise; + } + }, + deferred = {}; + + // Add list-specific methods + jQuery.each( tuples, function( i, tuple ) { + var list = tuple[ 2 ], + stateString = tuple[ 5 ]; + + // promise.progress = list.add + // promise.done = list.add + // promise.fail = list.add + promise[ tuple[ 1 ] ] = list.add; + + // Handle state + if ( stateString ) { + list.add( + function() { + + // state = "resolved" (i.e., fulfilled) + // state = "rejected" + state = stateString; + }, + + // rejected_callbacks.disable + // fulfilled_callbacks.disable + tuples[ 3 - i ][ 2 ].disable, + + // rejected_handlers.disable + // fulfilled_handlers.disable + tuples[ 3 - i ][ 3 ].disable, + + // progress_callbacks.lock + tuples[ 0 ][ 2 ].lock, + + // progress_handlers.lock + tuples[ 0 ][ 3 ].lock + ); + } + + // progress_handlers.fire + // fulfilled_handlers.fire + // rejected_handlers.fire + list.add( tuple[ 3 ].fire ); + + // deferred.notify = function() { deferred.notifyWith(...) } + // deferred.resolve = function() { deferred.resolveWith(...) } + // deferred.reject = function() { deferred.rejectWith(...) } + deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] ] = function() { + deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ]( this === deferred ? undefined : this, arguments ); + return this; + }; + + // deferred.notifyWith = list.fireWith + // deferred.resolveWith = list.fireWith + // deferred.rejectWith = list.fireWith + deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ] = list.fireWith; + } ); + + // Make the deferred a promise + promise.promise( deferred ); + + // Call given func if any + if ( func ) { + func.call( deferred, deferred ); + } + + // All done! + return deferred; + }, + + // Deferred helper + when: function( singleValue ) { + var + + // count of uncompleted subordinates + remaining = arguments.length, + + // count of unprocessed arguments + i = remaining, + + // subordinate fulfillment data + resolveContexts = Array( i ), + resolveValues = slice.call( arguments ), + + // the primary Deferred + primary = jQuery.Deferred(), + + // subordinate callback factory + updateFunc = function( i ) { + return function( value ) { + resolveContexts[ i ] = this; + resolveValues[ i ] = arguments.length > 1 ? slice.call( arguments ) : value; + if ( !( --remaining ) ) { + primary.resolveWith( resolveContexts, resolveValues ); + } + }; + }; + + // Single- and empty arguments are adopted like Promise.resolve + if ( remaining <= 1 ) { + adoptValue( singleValue, primary.done( updateFunc( i ) ).resolve, primary.reject, + !remaining ); + + // Use .then() to unwrap secondary thenables (cf. gh-3000) + if ( primary.state() === "pending" || + isFunction( resolveValues[ i ] && resolveValues[ i ].then ) ) { + + return primary.then(); + } + } + + // Multiple arguments are aggregated like Promise.all array elements + while ( i-- ) { + adoptValue( resolveValues[ i ], updateFunc( i ), primary.reject ); + } + + return primary.promise(); + } +} ); + + +// These usually indicate a programmer mistake during development, +// warn about them ASAP rather than swallowing them by default. +var rerrorNames = /^(Eval|Internal|Range|Reference|Syntax|Type|URI)Error$/; + +jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook = function( error, stack ) { + + // Support: IE 8 - 9 only + // Console exists when dev tools are open, which can happen at any time + if ( window.console && window.console.warn && error && rerrorNames.test( error.name ) ) { + window.console.warn( "jQuery.Deferred exception: " + error.message, error.stack, stack ); + } +}; + + + + +jQuery.readyException = function( error ) { + window.setTimeout( function() { + throw error; + } ); +}; + + + + +// The deferred used on DOM ready +var readyList = jQuery.Deferred(); + +jQuery.fn.ready = function( fn ) { + + readyList + .then( fn ) + + // Wrap jQuery.readyException in a function so that the lookup + // happens at the time of error handling instead of callback + // registration. + .catch( function( error ) { + jQuery.readyException( error ); + } ); + + return this; +}; + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Is the DOM ready to be used? Set to true once it occurs. + isReady: false, + + // A counter to track how many items to wait for before + // the ready event fires. See #6781 + readyWait: 1, + + // Handle when the DOM is ready + ready: function( wait ) { + + // Abort if there are pending holds or we're already ready + if ( wait === true ? --jQuery.readyWait : jQuery.isReady ) { + return; + } + + // Remember that the DOM is ready + jQuery.isReady = true; + + // If a normal DOM Ready event fired, decrement, and wait if need be + if ( wait !== true && --jQuery.readyWait > 0 ) { + return; + } + + // If there are functions bound, to execute + readyList.resolveWith( document, [ jQuery ] ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.ready.then = readyList.then; + +// The ready event handler and self cleanup method +function completed() { + document.removeEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", completed ); + window.removeEventListener( "load", completed ); + jQuery.ready(); +} + +// Catch cases where $(document).ready() is called +// after the browser event has already occurred. +// Support: IE <=9 - 10 only +// Older IE sometimes signals "interactive" too soon +if ( document.readyState === "complete" || + ( document.readyState !== "loading" && !document.documentElement.doScroll ) ) { + + // Handle it asynchronously to allow scripts the opportunity to delay ready + window.setTimeout( jQuery.ready ); + +} else { + + // Use the handy event callback + document.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", completed ); + + // A fallback to window.onload, that will always work + window.addEventListener( "load", completed ); +} + + + + +// Multifunctional method to get and set values of a collection +// The value/s can optionally be executed if it's a function +var access = function( elems, fn, key, value, chainable, emptyGet, raw ) { + var i = 0, + len = elems.length, + bulk = key == null; + + // Sets many values + if ( toType( key ) === "object" ) { + chainable = true; + for ( i in key ) { + access( elems, fn, i, key[ i ], true, emptyGet, raw ); + } + + // Sets one value + } else if ( value !== undefined ) { + chainable = true; + + if ( !isFunction( value ) ) { + raw = true; + } + + if ( bulk ) { + + // Bulk operations run against the entire set + if ( raw ) { + fn.call( elems, value ); + fn = null; + + // ...except when executing function values + } else { + bulk = fn; + fn = function( elem, _key, value ) { + return bulk.call( jQuery( elem ), value ); + }; + } + } + + if ( fn ) { + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + fn( + elems[ i ], key, raw ? + value : + value.call( elems[ i ], i, fn( elems[ i ], key ) ) + ); + } + } + } + + if ( chainable ) { + return elems; + } + + // Gets + if ( bulk ) { + return fn.call( elems ); + } + + return len ? fn( elems[ 0 ], key ) : emptyGet; +}; + + +// Matches dashed string for camelizing +var rmsPrefix = /^-ms-/, + rdashAlpha = /-([a-z])/g; + +// Used by camelCase as callback to replace() +function fcamelCase( _all, letter ) { + return letter.toUpperCase(); +} + +// Convert dashed to camelCase; used by the css and data modules +// Support: IE <=9 - 11, Edge 12 - 15 +// Microsoft forgot to hump their vendor prefix (#9572) +function camelCase( string ) { + return string.replace( rmsPrefix, "ms-" ).replace( rdashAlpha, fcamelCase ); +} +var acceptData = function( owner ) { + + // Accepts only: + // - Node + // - Node.ELEMENT_NODE + // - Node.DOCUMENT_NODE + // - Object + // - Any + return owner.nodeType === 1 || owner.nodeType === 9 || !( +owner.nodeType ); +}; + + + + +function Data() { + this.expando = jQuery.expando + Data.uid++; +} + +Data.uid = 1; + +Data.prototype = { + + cache: function( owner ) { + + // Check if the owner object already has a cache + var value = owner[ this.expando ]; + + // If not, create one + if ( !value ) { + value = {}; + + // We can accept data for non-element nodes in modern browsers, + // but we should not, see #8335. + // Always return an empty object. + if ( acceptData( owner ) ) { + + // If it is a node unlikely to be stringify-ed or looped over + // use plain assignment + if ( owner.nodeType ) { + owner[ this.expando ] = value; + + // Otherwise secure it in a non-enumerable property + // configurable must be true to allow the property to be + // deleted when data is removed + } else { + Object.defineProperty( owner, this.expando, { + value: value, + configurable: true + } ); + } + } + } + + return value; + }, + set: function( owner, data, value ) { + var prop, + cache = this.cache( owner ); + + // Handle: [ owner, key, value ] args + // Always use camelCase key (gh-2257) + if ( typeof data === "string" ) { + cache[ camelCase( data ) ] = value; + + // Handle: [ owner, { properties } ] args + } else { + + // Copy the properties one-by-one to the cache object + for ( prop in data ) { + cache[ camelCase( prop ) ] = data[ prop ]; + } + } + return cache; + }, + get: function( owner, key ) { + return key === undefined ? + this.cache( owner ) : + + // Always use camelCase key (gh-2257) + owner[ this.expando ] && owner[ this.expando ][ camelCase( key ) ]; + }, + access: function( owner, key, value ) { + + // In cases where either: + // + // 1. No key was specified + // 2. A string key was specified, but no value provided + // + // Take the "read" path and allow the get method to determine + // which value to return, respectively either: + // + // 1. The entire cache object + // 2. The data stored at the key + // + if ( key === undefined || + ( ( key && typeof key === "string" ) && value === undefined ) ) { + + return this.get( owner, key ); + } + + // When the key is not a string, or both a key and value + // are specified, set or extend (existing objects) with either: + // + // 1. An object of properties + // 2. A key and value + // + this.set( owner, key, value ); + + // Since the "set" path can have two possible entry points + // return the expected data based on which path was taken[*] + return value !== undefined ? value : key; + }, + remove: function( owner, key ) { + var i, + cache = owner[ this.expando ]; + + if ( cache === undefined ) { + return; + } + + if ( key !== undefined ) { + + // Support array or space separated string of keys + if ( Array.isArray( key ) ) { + + // If key is an array of keys... + // We always set camelCase keys, so remove that. + key = key.map( camelCase ); + } else { + key = camelCase( key ); + + // If a key with the spaces exists, use it. + // Otherwise, create an array by matching non-whitespace + key = key in cache ? + [ key ] : + ( key.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [] ); + } + + i = key.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + delete cache[ key[ i ] ]; + } + } + + // Remove the expando if there's no more data + if ( key === undefined || jQuery.isEmptyObject( cache ) ) { + + // Support: Chrome <=35 - 45 + // Webkit & Blink performance suffers when deleting properties + // from DOM nodes, so set to undefined instead + // https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=378607 (bug restricted) + if ( owner.nodeType ) { + owner[ this.expando ] = undefined; + } else { + delete owner[ this.expando ]; + } + } + }, + hasData: function( owner ) { + var cache = owner[ this.expando ]; + return cache !== undefined && !jQuery.isEmptyObject( cache ); + } +}; +var dataPriv = new Data(); + +var dataUser = new Data(); + + + +// Implementation Summary +// +// 1. Enforce API surface and semantic compatibility with 1.9.x branch +// 2. Improve the module's maintainability by reducing the storage +// paths to a single mechanism. +// 3. Use the same single mechanism to support "private" and "user" data. +// 4. _Never_ expose "private" data to user code (TODO: Drop _data, _removeData) +// 5. Avoid exposing implementation details on user objects (eg. expando properties) +// 6. Provide a clear path for implementation upgrade to WeakMap in 2014 + +var rbrace = /^(?:\{[\w\W]*\}|\[[\w\W]*\])$/, + rmultiDash = /[A-Z]/g; + +function getData( data ) { + if ( data === "true" ) { + return true; + } + + if ( data === "false" ) { + return false; + } + + if ( data === "null" ) { + return null; + } + + // Only convert to a number if it doesn't change the string + if ( data === +data + "" ) { + return +data; + } + + if ( rbrace.test( data ) ) { + return JSON.parse( data ); + } + + return data; +} + +function dataAttr( elem, key, data ) { + var name; + + // If nothing was found internally, try to fetch any + // data from the HTML5 data-* attribute + if ( data === undefined && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + name = "data-" + key.replace( rmultiDash, "-$&" ).toLowerCase(); + data = elem.getAttribute( name ); + + if ( typeof data === "string" ) { + try { + data = getData( data ); + } catch ( e ) {} + + // Make sure we set the data so it isn't changed later + dataUser.set( elem, key, data ); + } else { + data = undefined; + } + } + return data; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + hasData: function( elem ) { + return dataUser.hasData( elem ) || dataPriv.hasData( elem ); + }, + + data: function( elem, name, data ) { + return dataUser.access( elem, name, data ); + }, + + removeData: function( elem, name ) { + dataUser.remove( elem, name ); + }, + + // TODO: Now that all calls to _data and _removeData have been replaced + // with direct calls to dataPriv methods, these can be deprecated. + _data: function( elem, name, data ) { + return dataPriv.access( elem, name, data ); + }, + + _removeData: function( elem, name ) { + dataPriv.remove( elem, name ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + data: function( key, value ) { + var i, name, data, + elem = this[ 0 ], + attrs = elem && elem.attributes; + + // Gets all values + if ( key === undefined ) { + if ( this.length ) { + data = dataUser.get( elem ); + + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 && !dataPriv.get( elem, "hasDataAttrs" ) ) { + i = attrs.length; + while ( i-- ) { + + // Support: IE 11 only + // The attrs elements can be null (#14894) + if ( attrs[ i ] ) { + name = attrs[ i ].name; + if ( name.indexOf( "data-" ) === 0 ) { + name = camelCase( name.slice( 5 ) ); + dataAttr( elem, name, data[ name ] ); + } + } + } + dataPriv.set( elem, "hasDataAttrs", true ); + } + } + + return data; + } + + // Sets multiple values + if ( typeof key === "object" ) { + return this.each( function() { + dataUser.set( this, key ); + } ); + } + + return access( this, function( value ) { + var data; + + // The calling jQuery object (element matches) is not empty + // (and therefore has an element appears at this[ 0 ]) and the + // `value` parameter was not undefined. An empty jQuery object + // will result in `undefined` for elem = this[ 0 ] which will + // throw an exception if an attempt to read a data cache is made. + if ( elem && value === undefined ) { + + // Attempt to get data from the cache + // The key will always be camelCased in Data + data = dataUser.get( elem, key ); + if ( data !== undefined ) { + return data; + } + + // Attempt to "discover" the data in + // HTML5 custom data-* attrs + data = dataAttr( elem, key ); + if ( data !== undefined ) { + return data; + } + + // We tried really hard, but the data doesn't exist. + return; + } + + // Set the data... + this.each( function() { + + // We always store the camelCased key + dataUser.set( this, key, value ); + } ); + }, null, value, arguments.length > 1, null, true ); + }, + + removeData: function( key ) { + return this.each( function() { + dataUser.remove( this, key ); + } ); + } +} ); + + +jQuery.extend( { + queue: function( elem, type, data ) { + var queue; + + if ( elem ) { + type = ( type || "fx" ) + "queue"; + queue = dataPriv.get( elem, type ); + + // Speed up dequeue by getting out quickly if this is just a lookup + if ( data ) { + if ( !queue || Array.isArray( data ) ) { + queue = dataPriv.access( elem, type, jQuery.makeArray( data ) ); + } else { + queue.push( data ); + } + } + return queue || []; + } + }, + + dequeue: function( elem, type ) { + type = type || "fx"; + + var queue = jQuery.queue( elem, type ), + startLength = queue.length, + fn = queue.shift(), + hooks = jQuery._queueHooks( elem, type ), + next = function() { + jQuery.dequeue( elem, type ); + }; + + // If the fx queue is dequeued, always remove the progress sentinel + if ( fn === "inprogress" ) { + fn = queue.shift(); + startLength--; + } + + if ( fn ) { + + // Add a progress sentinel to prevent the fx queue from being + // automatically dequeued + if ( type === "fx" ) { + queue.unshift( "inprogress" ); + } + + // Clear up the last queue stop function + delete hooks.stop; + fn.call( elem, next, hooks ); + } + + if ( !startLength && hooks ) { + hooks.empty.fire(); + } + }, + + // Not public - generate a queueHooks object, or return the current one + _queueHooks: function( elem, type ) { + var key = type + "queueHooks"; + return dataPriv.get( elem, key ) || dataPriv.access( elem, key, { + empty: jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ).add( function() { + dataPriv.remove( elem, [ type + "queue", key ] ); + } ) + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + queue: function( type, data ) { + var setter = 2; + + if ( typeof type !== "string" ) { + data = type; + type = "fx"; + setter--; + } + + if ( arguments.length < setter ) { + return jQuery.queue( this[ 0 ], type ); + } + + return data === undefined ? + this : + this.each( function() { + var queue = jQuery.queue( this, type, data ); + + // Ensure a hooks for this queue + jQuery._queueHooks( this, type ); + + if ( type === "fx" && queue[ 0 ] !== "inprogress" ) { + jQuery.dequeue( this, type ); + } + } ); + }, + dequeue: function( type ) { + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.dequeue( this, type ); + } ); + }, + clearQueue: function( type ) { + return this.queue( type || "fx", [] ); + }, + + // Get a promise resolved when queues of a certain type + // are emptied (fx is the type by default) + promise: function( type, obj ) { + var tmp, + count = 1, + defer = jQuery.Deferred(), + elements = this, + i = this.length, + resolve = function() { + if ( !( --count ) ) { + defer.resolveWith( elements, [ elements ] ); + } + }; + + if ( typeof type !== "string" ) { + obj = type; + type = undefined; + } + type = type || "fx"; + + while ( i-- ) { + tmp = dataPriv.get( elements[ i ], type + "queueHooks" ); + if ( tmp && tmp.empty ) { + count++; + tmp.empty.add( resolve ); + } + } + resolve(); + return defer.promise( obj ); + } +} ); +var pnum = ( /[+-]?(?:\d*\.|)\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\d+|)/ ).source; + +var rcssNum = new RegExp( "^(?:([+-])=|)(" + pnum + ")([a-z%]*)$", "i" ); + + +var cssExpand = [ "Top", "Right", "Bottom", "Left" ]; + +var documentElement = document.documentElement; + + + + var isAttached = function( elem ) { + return jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ); + }, + composed = { composed: true }; + + // Support: IE 9 - 11+, Edge 12 - 18+, iOS 10.0 - 10.2 only + // Check attachment across shadow DOM boundaries when possible (gh-3504) + // Support: iOS 10.0-10.2 only + // Early iOS 10 versions support `attachShadow` but not `getRootNode`, + // leading to errors. We need to check for `getRootNode`. + if ( documentElement.getRootNode ) { + isAttached = function( elem ) { + return jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ) || + elem.getRootNode( composed ) === elem.ownerDocument; + }; + } +var isHiddenWithinTree = function( elem, el ) { + + // isHiddenWithinTree might be called from jQuery#filter function; + // in that case, element will be second argument + elem = el || elem; + + // Inline style trumps all + return elem.style.display === "none" || + elem.style.display === "" && + + // Otherwise, check computed style + // Support: Firefox <=43 - 45 + // Disconnected elements can have computed display: none, so first confirm that elem is + // in the document. + isAttached( elem ) && + + jQuery.css( elem, "display" ) === "none"; + }; + + + +function adjustCSS( elem, prop, valueParts, tween ) { + var adjusted, scale, + maxIterations = 20, + currentValue = tween ? + function() { + return tween.cur(); + } : + function() { + return jQuery.css( elem, prop, "" ); + }, + initial = currentValue(), + unit = valueParts && valueParts[ 3 ] || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] ? "" : "px" ), + + // Starting value computation is required for potential unit mismatches + initialInUnit = elem.nodeType && + ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] || unit !== "px" && +initial ) && + rcssNum.exec( jQuery.css( elem, prop ) ); + + if ( initialInUnit && initialInUnit[ 3 ] !== unit ) { + + // Support: Firefox <=54 + // Halve the iteration target value to prevent interference from CSS upper bounds (gh-2144) + initial = initial / 2; + + // Trust units reported by jQuery.css + unit = unit || initialInUnit[ 3 ]; + + // Iteratively approximate from a nonzero starting point + initialInUnit = +initial || 1; + + while ( maxIterations-- ) { + + // Evaluate and update our best guess (doubling guesses that zero out). + // Finish if the scale equals or crosses 1 (making the old*new product non-positive). + jQuery.style( elem, prop, initialInUnit + unit ); + if ( ( 1 - scale ) * ( 1 - ( scale = currentValue() / initial || 0.5 ) ) <= 0 ) { + maxIterations = 0; + } + initialInUnit = initialInUnit / scale; + + } + + initialInUnit = initialInUnit * 2; + jQuery.style( elem, prop, initialInUnit + unit ); + + // Make sure we update the tween properties later on + valueParts = valueParts || []; + } + + if ( valueParts ) { + initialInUnit = +initialInUnit || +initial || 0; + + // Apply relative offset (+=/-=) if specified + adjusted = valueParts[ 1 ] ? + initialInUnit + ( valueParts[ 1 ] + 1 ) * valueParts[ 2 ] : + +valueParts[ 2 ]; + if ( tween ) { + tween.unit = unit; + tween.start = initialInUnit; + tween.end = adjusted; + } + } + return adjusted; +} + + +var defaultDisplayMap = {}; + +function getDefaultDisplay( elem ) { + var temp, + doc = elem.ownerDocument, + nodeName = elem.nodeName, + display = defaultDisplayMap[ nodeName ]; + + if ( display ) { + return display; + } + + temp = doc.body.appendChild( doc.createElement( nodeName ) ); + display = jQuery.css( temp, "display" ); + + temp.parentNode.removeChild( temp ); + + if ( display === "none" ) { + display = "block"; + } + defaultDisplayMap[ nodeName ] = display; + + return display; +} + +function showHide( elements, show ) { + var display, elem, + values = [], + index = 0, + length = elements.length; + + // Determine new display value for elements that need to change + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + elem = elements[ index ]; + if ( !elem.style ) { + continue; + } + + display = elem.style.display; + if ( show ) { + + // Since we force visibility upon cascade-hidden elements, an immediate (and slow) + // check is required in this first loop unless we have a nonempty display value (either + // inline or about-to-be-restored) + if ( display === "none" ) { + values[ index ] = dataPriv.get( elem, "display" ) || null; + if ( !values[ index ] ) { + elem.style.display = ""; + } + } + if ( elem.style.display === "" && isHiddenWithinTree( elem ) ) { + values[ index ] = getDefaultDisplay( elem ); + } + } else { + if ( display !== "none" ) { + values[ index ] = "none"; + + // Remember what we're overwriting + dataPriv.set( elem, "display", display ); + } + } + } + + // Set the display of the elements in a second loop to avoid constant reflow + for ( index = 0; index < length; index++ ) { + if ( values[ index ] != null ) { + elements[ index ].style.display = values[ index ]; + } + } + + return elements; +} + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + show: function() { + return showHide( this, true ); + }, + hide: function() { + return showHide( this ); + }, + toggle: function( state ) { + if ( typeof state === "boolean" ) { + return state ? this.show() : this.hide(); + } + + return this.each( function() { + if ( isHiddenWithinTree( this ) ) { + jQuery( this ).show(); + } else { + jQuery( this ).hide(); + } + } ); + } +} ); +var rcheckableType = ( /^(?:checkbox|radio)$/i ); + +var rtagName = ( /<([a-z][^\/\0>\x20\t\r\n\f]*)/i ); + +var rscriptType = ( /^$|^module$|\/(?:java|ecma)script/i ); + + + +( function() { + var fragment = document.createDocumentFragment(), + div = fragment.appendChild( document.createElement( "div" ) ), + input = document.createElement( "input" ); + + // Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only + // Check state lost if the name is set (#11217) + // Support: Windows Web Apps (WWA) + // `name` and `type` must use .setAttribute for WWA (#14901) + input.setAttribute( "type", "radio" ); + input.setAttribute( "checked", "checked" ); + input.setAttribute( "name", "t" ); + + div.appendChild( input ); + + // Support: Android <=4.1 only + // Older WebKit doesn't clone checked state correctly in fragments + support.checkClone = div.cloneNode( true ).cloneNode( true ).lastChild.checked; + + // Support: IE <=11 only + // Make sure textarea (and checkbox) defaultValue is properly cloned + div.innerHTML = ""; + support.noCloneChecked = !!div.cloneNode( true ).lastChild.defaultValue; + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // IE <=9 replaces "; + support.option = !!div.lastChild; +} )(); + + +// We have to close these tags to support XHTML (#13200) +var wrapMap = { + + // XHTML parsers do not magically insert elements in the + // same way that tag soup parsers do. So we cannot shorten + // this by omitting or other required elements. + thead: [ 1, "", "
" ], + col: [ 2, "", "
" ], + tr: [ 2, "", "
" ], + td: [ 3, "", "
" ], + + _default: [ 0, "", "" ] +}; + +wrapMap.tbody = wrapMap.tfoot = wrapMap.colgroup = wrapMap.caption = wrapMap.thead; +wrapMap.th = wrapMap.td; + +// Support: IE <=9 only +if ( !support.option ) { + wrapMap.optgroup = wrapMap.option = [ 1, "" ]; +} + + +function getAll( context, tag ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // Use typeof to avoid zero-argument method invocation on host objects (#15151) + var ret; + + if ( typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" ) { + ret = context.getElementsByTagName( tag || "*" ); + + } else if ( typeof context.querySelectorAll !== "undefined" ) { + ret = context.querySelectorAll( tag || "*" ); + + } else { + ret = []; + } + + if ( tag === undefined || tag && nodeName( context, tag ) ) { + return jQuery.merge( [ context ], ret ); + } + + return ret; +} + + +// Mark scripts as having already been evaluated +function setGlobalEval( elems, refElements ) { + var i = 0, + l = elems.length; + + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + dataPriv.set( + elems[ i ], + "globalEval", + !refElements || dataPriv.get( refElements[ i ], "globalEval" ) + ); + } +} + + +var rhtml = /<|&#?\w+;/; + +function buildFragment( elems, context, scripts, selection, ignored ) { + var elem, tmp, tag, wrap, attached, j, + fragment = context.createDocumentFragment(), + nodes = [], + i = 0, + l = elems.length; + + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + elem = elems[ i ]; + + if ( elem || elem === 0 ) { + + // Add nodes directly + if ( toType( elem ) === "object" ) { + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + jQuery.merge( nodes, elem.nodeType ? [ elem ] : elem ); + + // Convert non-html into a text node + } else if ( !rhtml.test( elem ) ) { + nodes.push( context.createTextNode( elem ) ); + + // Convert html into DOM nodes + } else { + tmp = tmp || fragment.appendChild( context.createElement( "div" ) ); + + // Deserialize a standard representation + tag = ( rtagName.exec( elem ) || [ "", "" ] )[ 1 ].toLowerCase(); + wrap = wrapMap[ tag ] || wrapMap._default; + tmp.innerHTML = wrap[ 1 ] + jQuery.htmlPrefilter( elem ) + wrap[ 2 ]; + + // Descend through wrappers to the right content + j = wrap[ 0 ]; + while ( j-- ) { + tmp = tmp.lastChild; + } + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + jQuery.merge( nodes, tmp.childNodes ); + + // Remember the top-level container + tmp = fragment.firstChild; + + // Ensure the created nodes are orphaned (#12392) + tmp.textContent = ""; + } + } + } + + // Remove wrapper from fragment + fragment.textContent = ""; + + i = 0; + while ( ( elem = nodes[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Skip elements already in the context collection (trac-4087) + if ( selection && jQuery.inArray( elem, selection ) > -1 ) { + if ( ignored ) { + ignored.push( elem ); + } + continue; + } + + attached = isAttached( elem ); + + // Append to fragment + tmp = getAll( fragment.appendChild( elem ), "script" ); + + // Preserve script evaluation history + if ( attached ) { + setGlobalEval( tmp ); + } + + // Capture executables + if ( scripts ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( elem = tmp[ j++ ] ) ) { + if ( rscriptType.test( elem.type || "" ) ) { + scripts.push( elem ); + } + } + } + } + + return fragment; +} + + +var rtypenamespace = /^([^.]*)(?:\.(.+)|)/; + +function returnTrue() { + return true; +} + +function returnFalse() { + return false; +} + +// Support: IE <=9 - 11+ +// focus() and blur() are asynchronous, except when they are no-op. +// So expect focus to be synchronous when the element is already active, +// and blur to be synchronous when the element is not already active. +// (focus and blur are always synchronous in other supported browsers, +// this just defines when we can count on it). +function expectSync( elem, type ) { + return ( elem === safeActiveElement() ) === ( type === "focus" ); +} + +// Support: IE <=9 only +// Accessing document.activeElement can throw unexpectedly +// https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/13393 +function safeActiveElement() { + try { + return document.activeElement; + } catch ( err ) { } +} + +function on( elem, types, selector, data, fn, one ) { + var origFn, type; + + // Types can be a map of types/handlers + if ( typeof types === "object" ) { + + // ( types-Object, selector, data ) + if ( typeof selector !== "string" ) { + + // ( types-Object, data ) + data = data || selector; + selector = undefined; + } + for ( type in types ) { + on( elem, type, selector, data, types[ type ], one ); + } + return elem; + } + + if ( data == null && fn == null ) { + + // ( types, fn ) + fn = selector; + data = selector = undefined; + } else if ( fn == null ) { + if ( typeof selector === "string" ) { + + // ( types, selector, fn ) + fn = data; + data = undefined; + } else { + + // ( types, data, fn ) + fn = data; + data = selector; + selector = undefined; + } + } + if ( fn === false ) { + fn = returnFalse; + } else if ( !fn ) { + return elem; + } + + if ( one === 1 ) { + origFn = fn; + fn = function( event ) { + + // Can use an empty set, since event contains the info + jQuery().off( event ); + return origFn.apply( this, arguments ); + }; + + // Use same guid so caller can remove using origFn + fn.guid = origFn.guid || ( origFn.guid = jQuery.guid++ ); + } + return elem.each( function() { + jQuery.event.add( this, types, fn, data, selector ); + } ); +} + +/* + * Helper functions for managing events -- not part of the public interface. + * Props to Dean Edwards' addEvent library for many of the ideas. + */ +jQuery.event = { + + global: {}, + + add: function( elem, types, handler, data, selector ) { + + var handleObjIn, eventHandle, tmp, + events, t, handleObj, + special, handlers, type, namespaces, origType, + elemData = dataPriv.get( elem ); + + // Only attach events to objects that accept data + if ( !acceptData( elem ) ) { + return; + } + + // Caller can pass in an object of custom data in lieu of the handler + if ( handler.handler ) { + handleObjIn = handler; + handler = handleObjIn.handler; + selector = handleObjIn.selector; + } + + // Ensure that invalid selectors throw exceptions at attach time + // Evaluate against documentElement in case elem is a non-element node (e.g., document) + if ( selector ) { + jQuery.find.matchesSelector( documentElement, selector ); + } + + // Make sure that the handler has a unique ID, used to find/remove it later + if ( !handler.guid ) { + handler.guid = jQuery.guid++; + } + + // Init the element's event structure and main handler, if this is the first + if ( !( events = elemData.events ) ) { + events = elemData.events = Object.create( null ); + } + if ( !( eventHandle = elemData.handle ) ) { + eventHandle = elemData.handle = function( e ) { + + // Discard the second event of a jQuery.event.trigger() and + // when an event is called after a page has unloaded + return typeof jQuery !== "undefined" && jQuery.event.triggered !== e.type ? + jQuery.event.dispatch.apply( elem, arguments ) : undefined; + }; + } + + // Handle multiple events separated by a space + types = ( types || "" ).match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ]; + t = types.length; + while ( t-- ) { + tmp = rtypenamespace.exec( types[ t ] ) || []; + type = origType = tmp[ 1 ]; + namespaces = ( tmp[ 2 ] || "" ).split( "." ).sort(); + + // There *must* be a type, no attaching namespace-only handlers + if ( !type ) { + continue; + } + + // If event changes its type, use the special event handlers for the changed type + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + + // If selector defined, determine special event api type, otherwise given type + type = ( selector ? special.delegateType : special.bindType ) || type; + + // Update special based on newly reset type + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + + // handleObj is passed to all event handlers + handleObj = jQuery.extend( { + type: type, + origType: origType, + data: data, + handler: handler, + guid: handler.guid, + selector: selector, + needsContext: selector && jQuery.expr.match.needsContext.test( selector ), + namespace: namespaces.join( "." ) + }, handleObjIn ); + + // Init the event handler queue if we're the first + if ( !( handlers = events[ type ] ) ) { + handlers = events[ type ] = []; + handlers.delegateCount = 0; + + // Only use addEventListener if the special events handler returns false + if ( !special.setup || + special.setup.call( elem, data, namespaces, eventHandle ) === false ) { + + if ( elem.addEventListener ) { + elem.addEventListener( type, eventHandle ); + } + } + } + + if ( special.add ) { + special.add.call( elem, handleObj ); + + if ( !handleObj.handler.guid ) { + handleObj.handler.guid = handler.guid; + } + } + + // Add to the element's handler list, delegates in front + if ( selector ) { + handlers.splice( handlers.delegateCount++, 0, handleObj ); + } else { + handlers.push( handleObj ); + } + + // Keep track of which events have ever been used, for event optimization + jQuery.event.global[ type ] = true; + } + + }, + + // Detach an event or set of events from an element + remove: function( elem, types, handler, selector, mappedTypes ) { + + var j, origCount, tmp, + events, t, handleObj, + special, handlers, type, namespaces, origType, + elemData = dataPriv.hasData( elem ) && dataPriv.get( elem ); + + if ( !elemData || !( events = elemData.events ) ) { + return; + } + + // Once for each type.namespace in types; type may be omitted + types = ( types || "" ).match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ]; + t = types.length; + while ( t-- ) { + tmp = rtypenamespace.exec( types[ t ] ) || []; + type = origType = tmp[ 1 ]; + namespaces = ( tmp[ 2 ] || "" ).split( "." ).sort(); + + // Unbind all events (on this namespace, if provided) for the element + if ( !type ) { + for ( type in events ) { + jQuery.event.remove( elem, type + types[ t ], handler, selector, true ); + } + continue; + } + + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + type = ( selector ? special.delegateType : special.bindType ) || type; + handlers = events[ type ] || []; + tmp = tmp[ 2 ] && + new RegExp( "(^|\\.)" + namespaces.join( "\\.(?:.*\\.|)" ) + "(\\.|$)" ); + + // Remove matching events + origCount = j = handlers.length; + while ( j-- ) { + handleObj = handlers[ j ]; + + if ( ( mappedTypes || origType === handleObj.origType ) && + ( !handler || handler.guid === handleObj.guid ) && + ( !tmp || tmp.test( handleObj.namespace ) ) && + ( !selector || selector === handleObj.selector || + selector === "**" && handleObj.selector ) ) { + handlers.splice( j, 1 ); + + if ( handleObj.selector ) { + handlers.delegateCount--; + } + if ( special.remove ) { + special.remove.call( elem, handleObj ); + } + } + } + + // Remove generic event handler if we removed something and no more handlers exist + // (avoids potential for endless recursion during removal of special event handlers) + if ( origCount && !handlers.length ) { + if ( !special.teardown || + special.teardown.call( elem, namespaces, elemData.handle ) === false ) { + + jQuery.removeEvent( elem, type, elemData.handle ); + } + + delete events[ type ]; + } + } + + // Remove data and the expando if it's no longer used + if ( jQuery.isEmptyObject( events ) ) { + dataPriv.remove( elem, "handle events" ); + } + }, + + dispatch: function( nativeEvent ) { + + var i, j, ret, matched, handleObj, handlerQueue, + args = new Array( arguments.length ), + + // Make a writable jQuery.Event from the native event object + event = jQuery.event.fix( nativeEvent ), + + handlers = ( + dataPriv.get( this, "events" ) || Object.create( null ) + )[ event.type ] || [], + special = jQuery.event.special[ event.type ] || {}; + + // Use the fix-ed jQuery.Event rather than the (read-only) native event + args[ 0 ] = event; + + for ( i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++ ) { + args[ i ] = arguments[ i ]; + } + + event.delegateTarget = this; + + // Call the preDispatch hook for the mapped type, and let it bail if desired + if ( special.preDispatch && special.preDispatch.call( this, event ) === false ) { + return; + } + + // Determine handlers + handlerQueue = jQuery.event.handlers.call( this, event, handlers ); + + // Run delegates first; they may want to stop propagation beneath us + i = 0; + while ( ( matched = handlerQueue[ i++ ] ) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + event.currentTarget = matched.elem; + + j = 0; + while ( ( handleObj = matched.handlers[ j++ ] ) && + !event.isImmediatePropagationStopped() ) { + + // If the event is namespaced, then each handler is only invoked if it is + // specially universal or its namespaces are a superset of the event's. + if ( !event.rnamespace || handleObj.namespace === false || + event.rnamespace.test( handleObj.namespace ) ) { + + event.handleObj = handleObj; + event.data = handleObj.data; + + ret = ( ( jQuery.event.special[ handleObj.origType ] || {} ).handle || + handleObj.handler ).apply( matched.elem, args ); + + if ( ret !== undefined ) { + if ( ( event.result = ret ) === false ) { + event.preventDefault(); + event.stopPropagation(); + } + } + } + } + } + + // Call the postDispatch hook for the mapped type + if ( special.postDispatch ) { + special.postDispatch.call( this, event ); + } + + return event.result; + }, + + handlers: function( event, handlers ) { + var i, handleObj, sel, matchedHandlers, matchedSelectors, + handlerQueue = [], + delegateCount = handlers.delegateCount, + cur = event.target; + + // Find delegate handlers + if ( delegateCount && + + // Support: IE <=9 + // Black-hole SVG instance trees (trac-13180) + cur.nodeType && + + // Support: Firefox <=42 + // Suppress spec-violating clicks indicating a non-primary pointer button (trac-3861) + // https://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Events/#event-type-click + // Support: IE 11 only + // ...but not arrow key "clicks" of radio inputs, which can have `button` -1 (gh-2343) + !( event.type === "click" && event.button >= 1 ) ) { + + for ( ; cur !== this; cur = cur.parentNode || this ) { + + // Don't check non-elements (#13208) + // Don't process clicks on disabled elements (#6911, #8165, #11382, #11764) + if ( cur.nodeType === 1 && !( event.type === "click" && cur.disabled === true ) ) { + matchedHandlers = []; + matchedSelectors = {}; + for ( i = 0; i < delegateCount; i++ ) { + handleObj = handlers[ i ]; + + // Don't conflict with Object.prototype properties (#13203) + sel = handleObj.selector + " "; + + if ( matchedSelectors[ sel ] === undefined ) { + matchedSelectors[ sel ] = handleObj.needsContext ? + jQuery( sel, this ).index( cur ) > -1 : + jQuery.find( sel, this, null, [ cur ] ).length; + } + if ( matchedSelectors[ sel ] ) { + matchedHandlers.push( handleObj ); + } + } + if ( matchedHandlers.length ) { + handlerQueue.push( { elem: cur, handlers: matchedHandlers } ); + } + } + } + } + + // Add the remaining (directly-bound) handlers + cur = this; + if ( delegateCount < handlers.length ) { + handlerQueue.push( { elem: cur, handlers: handlers.slice( delegateCount ) } ); + } + + return handlerQueue; + }, + + addProp: function( name, hook ) { + Object.defineProperty( jQuery.Event.prototype, name, { + enumerable: true, + configurable: true, + + get: isFunction( hook ) ? + function() { + if ( this.originalEvent ) { + return hook( this.originalEvent ); + } + } : + function() { + if ( this.originalEvent ) { + return this.originalEvent[ name ]; + } + }, + + set: function( value ) { + Object.defineProperty( this, name, { + enumerable: true, + configurable: true, + writable: true, + value: value + } ); + } + } ); + }, + + fix: function( originalEvent ) { + return originalEvent[ jQuery.expando ] ? + originalEvent : + new jQuery.Event( originalEvent ); + }, + + special: { + load: { + + // Prevent triggered image.load events from bubbling to window.load + noBubble: true + }, + click: { + + // Utilize native event to ensure correct state for checkable inputs + setup: function( data ) { + + // For mutual compressibility with _default, replace `this` access with a local var. + // `|| data` is dead code meant only to preserve the variable through minification. + var el = this || data; + + // Claim the first handler + if ( rcheckableType.test( el.type ) && + el.click && nodeName( el, "input" ) ) { + + // dataPriv.set( el, "click", ... ) + leverageNative( el, "click", returnTrue ); + } + + // Return false to allow normal processing in the caller + return false; + }, + trigger: function( data ) { + + // For mutual compressibility with _default, replace `this` access with a local var. + // `|| data` is dead code meant only to preserve the variable through minification. + var el = this || data; + + // Force setup before triggering a click + if ( rcheckableType.test( el.type ) && + el.click && nodeName( el, "input" ) ) { + + leverageNative( el, "click" ); + } + + // Return non-false to allow normal event-path propagation + return true; + }, + + // For cross-browser consistency, suppress native .click() on links + // Also prevent it if we're currently inside a leveraged native-event stack + _default: function( event ) { + var target = event.target; + return rcheckableType.test( target.type ) && + target.click && nodeName( target, "input" ) && + dataPriv.get( target, "click" ) || + nodeName( target, "a" ); + } + }, + + beforeunload: { + postDispatch: function( event ) { + + // Support: Firefox 20+ + // Firefox doesn't alert if the returnValue field is not set. + if ( event.result !== undefined && event.originalEvent ) { + event.originalEvent.returnValue = event.result; + } + } + } + } +}; + +// Ensure the presence of an event listener that handles manually-triggered +// synthetic events by interrupting progress until reinvoked in response to +// *native* events that it fires directly, ensuring that state changes have +// already occurred before other listeners are invoked. +function leverageNative( el, type, expectSync ) { + + // Missing expectSync indicates a trigger call, which must force setup through jQuery.event.add + if ( !expectSync ) { + if ( dataPriv.get( el, type ) === undefined ) { + jQuery.event.add( el, type, returnTrue ); + } + return; + } + + // Register the controller as a special universal handler for all event namespaces + dataPriv.set( el, type, false ); + jQuery.event.add( el, type, { + namespace: false, + handler: function( event ) { + var notAsync, result, + saved = dataPriv.get( this, type ); + + if ( ( event.isTrigger & 1 ) && this[ type ] ) { + + // Interrupt processing of the outer synthetic .trigger()ed event + // Saved data should be false in such cases, but might be a leftover capture object + // from an async native handler (gh-4350) + if ( !saved.length ) { + + // Store arguments for use when handling the inner native event + // There will always be at least one argument (an event object), so this array + // will not be confused with a leftover capture object. + saved = slice.call( arguments ); + dataPriv.set( this, type, saved ); + + // Trigger the native event and capture its result + // Support: IE <=9 - 11+ + // focus() and blur() are asynchronous + notAsync = expectSync( this, type ); + this[ type ](); + result = dataPriv.get( this, type ); + if ( saved !== result || notAsync ) { + dataPriv.set( this, type, false ); + } else { + result = {}; + } + if ( saved !== result ) { + + // Cancel the outer synthetic event + event.stopImmediatePropagation(); + event.preventDefault(); + + // Support: Chrome 86+ + // In Chrome, if an element having a focusout handler is blurred by + // clicking outside of it, it invokes the handler synchronously. If + // that handler calls `.remove()` on the element, the data is cleared, + // leaving `result` undefined. We need to guard against this. + return result && result.value; + } + + // If this is an inner synthetic event for an event with a bubbling surrogate + // (focus or blur), assume that the surrogate already propagated from triggering the + // native event and prevent that from happening again here. + // This technically gets the ordering wrong w.r.t. to `.trigger()` (in which the + // bubbling surrogate propagates *after* the non-bubbling base), but that seems + // less bad than duplication. + } else if ( ( jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {} ).delegateType ) { + event.stopPropagation(); + } + + // If this is a native event triggered above, everything is now in order + // Fire an inner synthetic event with the original arguments + } else if ( saved.length ) { + + // ...and capture the result + dataPriv.set( this, type, { + value: jQuery.event.trigger( + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11+ + // Extend with the prototype to reset the above stopImmediatePropagation() + jQuery.extend( saved[ 0 ], jQuery.Event.prototype ), + saved.slice( 1 ), + this + ) + } ); + + // Abort handling of the native event + event.stopImmediatePropagation(); + } + } + } ); +} + +jQuery.removeEvent = function( elem, type, handle ) { + + // This "if" is needed for plain objects + if ( elem.removeEventListener ) { + elem.removeEventListener( type, handle ); + } +}; + +jQuery.Event = function( src, props ) { + + // Allow instantiation without the 'new' keyword + if ( !( this instanceof jQuery.Event ) ) { + return new jQuery.Event( src, props ); + } + + // Event object + if ( src && src.type ) { + this.originalEvent = src; + this.type = src.type; + + // Events bubbling up the document may have been marked as prevented + // by a handler lower down the tree; reflect the correct value. + this.isDefaultPrevented = src.defaultPrevented || + src.defaultPrevented === undefined && + + // Support: Android <=2.3 only + src.returnValue === false ? + returnTrue : + returnFalse; + + // Create target properties + // Support: Safari <=6 - 7 only + // Target should not be a text node (#504, #13143) + this.target = ( src.target && src.target.nodeType === 3 ) ? + src.target.parentNode : + src.target; + + this.currentTarget = src.currentTarget; + this.relatedTarget = src.relatedTarget; + + // Event type + } else { + this.type = src; + } + + // Put explicitly provided properties onto the event object + if ( props ) { + jQuery.extend( this, props ); + } + + // Create a timestamp if incoming event doesn't have one + this.timeStamp = src && src.timeStamp || Date.now(); + + // Mark it as fixed + this[ jQuery.expando ] = true; +}; + +// jQuery.Event is based on DOM3 Events as specified by the ECMAScript Language Binding +// https://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-DOM-Level-3-Events-20030331/ecma-script-binding.html +jQuery.Event.prototype = { + constructor: jQuery.Event, + isDefaultPrevented: returnFalse, + isPropagationStopped: returnFalse, + isImmediatePropagationStopped: returnFalse, + isSimulated: false, + + preventDefault: function() { + var e = this.originalEvent; + + this.isDefaultPrevented = returnTrue; + + if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) { + e.preventDefault(); + } + }, + stopPropagation: function() { + var e = this.originalEvent; + + this.isPropagationStopped = returnTrue; + + if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) { + e.stopPropagation(); + } + }, + stopImmediatePropagation: function() { + var e = this.originalEvent; + + this.isImmediatePropagationStopped = returnTrue; + + if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) { + e.stopImmediatePropagation(); + } + + this.stopPropagation(); + } +}; + +// Includes all common event props including KeyEvent and MouseEvent specific props +jQuery.each( { + altKey: true, + bubbles: true, + cancelable: true, + changedTouches: true, + ctrlKey: true, + detail: true, + eventPhase: true, + metaKey: true, + pageX: true, + pageY: true, + shiftKey: true, + view: true, + "char": true, + code: true, + charCode: true, + key: true, + keyCode: true, + button: true, + buttons: true, + clientX: true, + clientY: true, + offsetX: true, + offsetY: true, + pointerId: true, + pointerType: true, + screenX: true, + screenY: true, + targetTouches: true, + toElement: true, + touches: true, + which: true +}, jQuery.event.addProp ); + +jQuery.each( { focus: "focusin", blur: "focusout" }, function( type, delegateType ) { + jQuery.event.special[ type ] = { + + // Utilize native event if possible so blur/focus sequence is correct + setup: function() { + + // Claim the first handler + // dataPriv.set( this, "focus", ... ) + // dataPriv.set( this, "blur", ... ) + leverageNative( this, type, expectSync ); + + // Return false to allow normal processing in the caller + return false; + }, + trigger: function() { + + // Force setup before trigger + leverageNative( this, type ); + + // Return non-false to allow normal event-path propagation + return true; + }, + + // Suppress native focus or blur as it's already being fired + // in leverageNative. + _default: function() { + return true; + }, + + delegateType: delegateType + }; +} ); + +// Create mouseenter/leave events using mouseover/out and event-time checks +// so that event delegation works in jQuery. +// Do the same for pointerenter/pointerleave and pointerover/pointerout +// +// Support: Safari 7 only +// Safari sends mouseenter too often; see: +// https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=470258 +// for the description of the bug (it existed in older Chrome versions as well). +jQuery.each( { + mouseenter: "mouseover", + mouseleave: "mouseout", + pointerenter: "pointerover", + pointerleave: "pointerout" +}, function( orig, fix ) { + jQuery.event.special[ orig ] = { + delegateType: fix, + bindType: fix, + + handle: function( event ) { + var ret, + target = this, + related = event.relatedTarget, + handleObj = event.handleObj; + + // For mouseenter/leave call the handler if related is outside the target. + // NB: No relatedTarget if the mouse left/entered the browser window + if ( !related || ( related !== target && !jQuery.contains( target, related ) ) ) { + event.type = handleObj.origType; + ret = handleObj.handler.apply( this, arguments ); + event.type = fix; + } + return ret; + } + }; +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + + on: function( types, selector, data, fn ) { + return on( this, types, selector, data, fn ); + }, + one: function( types, selector, data, fn ) { + return on( this, types, selector, data, fn, 1 ); + }, + off: function( types, selector, fn ) { + var handleObj, type; + if ( types && types.preventDefault && types.handleObj ) { + + // ( event ) dispatched jQuery.Event + handleObj = types.handleObj; + jQuery( types.delegateTarget ).off( + handleObj.namespace ? + handleObj.origType + "." + handleObj.namespace : + handleObj.origType, + handleObj.selector, + handleObj.handler + ); + return this; + } + if ( typeof types === "object" ) { + + // ( types-object [, selector] ) + for ( type in types ) { + this.off( type, selector, types[ type ] ); + } + return this; + } + if ( selector === false || typeof selector === "function" ) { + + // ( types [, fn] ) + fn = selector; + selector = undefined; + } + if ( fn === false ) { + fn = returnFalse; + } + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.event.remove( this, types, fn, selector ); + } ); + } +} ); + + +var + + // Support: IE <=10 - 11, Edge 12 - 13 only + // In IE/Edge using regex groups here causes severe slowdowns. + // See https://connect.microsoft.com/IE/feedback/details/1736512/ + rnoInnerhtml = /\s*$/g; + +// Prefer a tbody over its parent table for containing new rows +function manipulationTarget( elem, content ) { + if ( nodeName( elem, "table" ) && + nodeName( content.nodeType !== 11 ? content : content.firstChild, "tr" ) ) { + + return jQuery( elem ).children( "tbody" )[ 0 ] || elem; + } + + return elem; +} + +// Replace/restore the type attribute of script elements for safe DOM manipulation +function disableScript( elem ) { + elem.type = ( elem.getAttribute( "type" ) !== null ) + "/" + elem.type; + return elem; +} +function restoreScript( elem ) { + if ( ( elem.type || "" ).slice( 0, 5 ) === "true/" ) { + elem.type = elem.type.slice( 5 ); + } else { + elem.removeAttribute( "type" ); + } + + return elem; +} + +function cloneCopyEvent( src, dest ) { + var i, l, type, pdataOld, udataOld, udataCur, events; + + if ( dest.nodeType !== 1 ) { + return; + } + + // 1. Copy private data: events, handlers, etc. + if ( dataPriv.hasData( src ) ) { + pdataOld = dataPriv.get( src ); + events = pdataOld.events; + + if ( events ) { + dataPriv.remove( dest, "handle events" ); + + for ( type in events ) { + for ( i = 0, l = events[ type ].length; i < l; i++ ) { + jQuery.event.add( dest, type, events[ type ][ i ] ); + } + } + } + } + + // 2. Copy user data + if ( dataUser.hasData( src ) ) { + udataOld = dataUser.access( src ); + udataCur = jQuery.extend( {}, udataOld ); + + dataUser.set( dest, udataCur ); + } +} + +// Fix IE bugs, see support tests +function fixInput( src, dest ) { + var nodeName = dest.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + + // Fails to persist the checked state of a cloned checkbox or radio button. + if ( nodeName === "input" && rcheckableType.test( src.type ) ) { + dest.checked = src.checked; + + // Fails to return the selected option to the default selected state when cloning options + } else if ( nodeName === "input" || nodeName === "textarea" ) { + dest.defaultValue = src.defaultValue; + } +} + +function domManip( collection, args, callback, ignored ) { + + // Flatten any nested arrays + args = flat( args ); + + var fragment, first, scripts, hasScripts, node, doc, + i = 0, + l = collection.length, + iNoClone = l - 1, + value = args[ 0 ], + valueIsFunction = isFunction( value ); + + // We can't cloneNode fragments that contain checked, in WebKit + if ( valueIsFunction || + ( l > 1 && typeof value === "string" && + !support.checkClone && rchecked.test( value ) ) ) { + return collection.each( function( index ) { + var self = collection.eq( index ); + if ( valueIsFunction ) { + args[ 0 ] = value.call( this, index, self.html() ); + } + domManip( self, args, callback, ignored ); + } ); + } + + if ( l ) { + fragment = buildFragment( args, collection[ 0 ].ownerDocument, false, collection, ignored ); + first = fragment.firstChild; + + if ( fragment.childNodes.length === 1 ) { + fragment = first; + } + + // Require either new content or an interest in ignored elements to invoke the callback + if ( first || ignored ) { + scripts = jQuery.map( getAll( fragment, "script" ), disableScript ); + hasScripts = scripts.length; + + // Use the original fragment for the last item + // instead of the first because it can end up + // being emptied incorrectly in certain situations (#8070). + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + node = fragment; + + if ( i !== iNoClone ) { + node = jQuery.clone( node, true, true ); + + // Keep references to cloned scripts for later restoration + if ( hasScripts ) { + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + jQuery.merge( scripts, getAll( node, "script" ) ); + } + } + + callback.call( collection[ i ], node, i ); + } + + if ( hasScripts ) { + doc = scripts[ scripts.length - 1 ].ownerDocument; + + // Reenable scripts + jQuery.map( scripts, restoreScript ); + + // Evaluate executable scripts on first document insertion + for ( i = 0; i < hasScripts; i++ ) { + node = scripts[ i ]; + if ( rscriptType.test( node.type || "" ) && + !dataPriv.access( node, "globalEval" ) && + jQuery.contains( doc, node ) ) { + + if ( node.src && ( node.type || "" ).toLowerCase() !== "module" ) { + + // Optional AJAX dependency, but won't run scripts if not present + if ( jQuery._evalUrl && !node.noModule ) { + jQuery._evalUrl( node.src, { + nonce: node.nonce || node.getAttribute( "nonce" ) + }, doc ); + } + } else { + DOMEval( node.textContent.replace( rcleanScript, "" ), node, doc ); + } + } + } + } + } + } + + return collection; +} + +function remove( elem, selector, keepData ) { + var node, + nodes = selector ? jQuery.filter( selector, elem ) : elem, + i = 0; + + for ( ; ( node = nodes[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) { + if ( !keepData && node.nodeType === 1 ) { + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( node ) ); + } + + if ( node.parentNode ) { + if ( keepData && isAttached( node ) ) { + setGlobalEval( getAll( node, "script" ) ); + } + node.parentNode.removeChild( node ); + } + } + + return elem; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + htmlPrefilter: function( html ) { + return html; + }, + + clone: function( elem, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) { + var i, l, srcElements, destElements, + clone = elem.cloneNode( true ), + inPage = isAttached( elem ); + + // Fix IE cloning issues + if ( !support.noCloneChecked && ( elem.nodeType === 1 || elem.nodeType === 11 ) && + !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) { + + // We eschew Sizzle here for performance reasons: https://jsperf.com/getall-vs-sizzle/2 + destElements = getAll( clone ); + srcElements = getAll( elem ); + + for ( i = 0, l = srcElements.length; i < l; i++ ) { + fixInput( srcElements[ i ], destElements[ i ] ); + } + } + + // Copy the events from the original to the clone + if ( dataAndEvents ) { + if ( deepDataAndEvents ) { + srcElements = srcElements || getAll( elem ); + destElements = destElements || getAll( clone ); + + for ( i = 0, l = srcElements.length; i < l; i++ ) { + cloneCopyEvent( srcElements[ i ], destElements[ i ] ); + } + } else { + cloneCopyEvent( elem, clone ); + } + } + + // Preserve script evaluation history + destElements = getAll( clone, "script" ); + if ( destElements.length > 0 ) { + setGlobalEval( destElements, !inPage && getAll( elem, "script" ) ); + } + + // Return the cloned set + return clone; + }, + + cleanData: function( elems ) { + var data, elem, type, + special = jQuery.event.special, + i = 0; + + for ( ; ( elem = elems[ i ] ) !== undefined; i++ ) { + if ( acceptData( elem ) ) { + if ( ( data = elem[ dataPriv.expando ] ) ) { + if ( data.events ) { + for ( type in data.events ) { + if ( special[ type ] ) { + jQuery.event.remove( elem, type ); + + // This is a shortcut to avoid jQuery.event.remove's overhead + } else { + jQuery.removeEvent( elem, type, data.handle ); + } + } + } + + // Support: Chrome <=35 - 45+ + // Assign undefined instead of using delete, see Data#remove + elem[ dataPriv.expando ] = undefined; + } + if ( elem[ dataUser.expando ] ) { + + // Support: Chrome <=35 - 45+ + // Assign undefined instead of using delete, see Data#remove + elem[ dataUser.expando ] = undefined; + } + } + } + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + detach: function( selector ) { + return remove( this, selector, true ); + }, + + remove: function( selector ) { + return remove( this, selector ); + }, + + text: function( value ) { + return access( this, function( value ) { + return value === undefined ? + jQuery.text( this ) : + this.empty().each( function() { + if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) { + this.textContent = value; + } + } ); + }, null, value, arguments.length ); + }, + + append: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) { + var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem ); + target.appendChild( elem ); + } + } ); + }, + + prepend: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) { + var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem ); + target.insertBefore( elem, target.firstChild ); + } + } ); + }, + + before: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.parentNode ) { + this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this ); + } + } ); + }, + + after: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.parentNode ) { + this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this.nextSibling ); + } + } ); + }, + + empty: function() { + var elem, + i = 0; + + for ( ; ( elem = this[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + + // Prevent memory leaks + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( elem, false ) ); + + // Remove any remaining nodes + elem.textContent = ""; + } + } + + return this; + }, + + clone: function( dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) { + dataAndEvents = dataAndEvents == null ? false : dataAndEvents; + deepDataAndEvents = deepDataAndEvents == null ? dataAndEvents : deepDataAndEvents; + + return this.map( function() { + return jQuery.clone( this, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ); + } ); + }, + + html: function( value ) { + return access( this, function( value ) { + var elem = this[ 0 ] || {}, + i = 0, + l = this.length; + + if ( value === undefined && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + return elem.innerHTML; + } + + // See if we can take a shortcut and just use innerHTML + if ( typeof value === "string" && !rnoInnerhtml.test( value ) && + !wrapMap[ ( rtagName.exec( value ) || [ "", "" ] )[ 1 ].toLowerCase() ] ) { + + value = jQuery.htmlPrefilter( value ); + + try { + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + elem = this[ i ] || {}; + + // Remove element nodes and prevent memory leaks + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( elem, false ) ); + elem.innerHTML = value; + } + } + + elem = 0; + + // If using innerHTML throws an exception, use the fallback method + } catch ( e ) {} + } + + if ( elem ) { + this.empty().append( value ); + } + }, null, value, arguments.length ); + }, + + replaceWith: function() { + var ignored = []; + + // Make the changes, replacing each non-ignored context element with the new content + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + var parent = this.parentNode; + + if ( jQuery.inArray( this, ignored ) < 0 ) { + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( this ) ); + if ( parent ) { + parent.replaceChild( elem, this ); + } + } + + // Force callback invocation + }, ignored ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( { + appendTo: "append", + prependTo: "prepend", + insertBefore: "before", + insertAfter: "after", + replaceAll: "replaceWith" +}, function( name, original ) { + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( selector ) { + var elems, + ret = [], + insert = jQuery( selector ), + last = insert.length - 1, + i = 0; + + for ( ; i <= last; i++ ) { + elems = i === last ? this : this.clone( true ); + jQuery( insert[ i ] )[ original ]( elems ); + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // .get() because push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + push.apply( ret, elems.get() ); + } + + return this.pushStack( ret ); + }; +} ); +var rnumnonpx = new RegExp( "^(" + pnum + ")(?!px)[a-z%]+$", "i" ); + +var getStyles = function( elem ) { + + // Support: IE <=11 only, Firefox <=30 (#15098, #14150) + // IE throws on elements created in popups + // FF meanwhile throws on frame elements through "defaultView.getComputedStyle" + var view = elem.ownerDocument.defaultView; + + if ( !view || !view.opener ) { + view = window; + } + + return view.getComputedStyle( elem ); + }; + +var swap = function( elem, options, callback ) { + var ret, name, + old = {}; + + // Remember the old values, and insert the new ones + for ( name in options ) { + old[ name ] = elem.style[ name ]; + elem.style[ name ] = options[ name ]; + } + + ret = callback.call( elem ); + + // Revert the old values + for ( name in options ) { + elem.style[ name ] = old[ name ]; + } + + return ret; +}; + + +var rboxStyle = new RegExp( cssExpand.join( "|" ), "i" ); + + + +( function() { + + // Executing both pixelPosition & boxSizingReliable tests require only one layout + // so they're executed at the same time to save the second computation. + function computeStyleTests() { + + // This is a singleton, we need to execute it only once + if ( !div ) { + return; + } + + container.style.cssText = "position:absolute;left:-11111px;width:60px;" + + "margin-top:1px;padding:0;border:0"; + div.style.cssText = + "position:relative;display:block;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:scroll;" + + "margin:auto;border:1px;padding:1px;" + + "width:60%;top:1%"; + documentElement.appendChild( container ).appendChild( div ); + + var divStyle = window.getComputedStyle( div ); + pixelPositionVal = divStyle.top !== "1%"; + + // Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only, Firefox <=3 - 44 + reliableMarginLeftVal = roundPixelMeasures( divStyle.marginLeft ) === 12; + + // Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only, Safari <=9.1 - 10.1, iOS <=7.0 - 9.3 + // Some styles come back with percentage values, even though they shouldn't + div.style.right = "60%"; + pixelBoxStylesVal = roundPixelMeasures( divStyle.right ) === 36; + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only + // Detect misreporting of content dimensions for box-sizing:border-box elements + boxSizingReliableVal = roundPixelMeasures( divStyle.width ) === 36; + + // Support: IE 9 only + // Detect overflow:scroll screwiness (gh-3699) + // Support: Chrome <=64 + // Don't get tricked when zoom affects offsetWidth (gh-4029) + div.style.position = "absolute"; + scrollboxSizeVal = roundPixelMeasures( div.offsetWidth / 3 ) === 12; + + documentElement.removeChild( container ); + + // Nullify the div so it wouldn't be stored in the memory and + // it will also be a sign that checks already performed + div = null; + } + + function roundPixelMeasures( measure ) { + return Math.round( parseFloat( measure ) ); + } + + var pixelPositionVal, boxSizingReliableVal, scrollboxSizeVal, pixelBoxStylesVal, + reliableTrDimensionsVal, reliableMarginLeftVal, + container = document.createElement( "div" ), + div = document.createElement( "div" ); + + // Finish early in limited (non-browser) environments + if ( !div.style ) { + return; + } + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // Style of cloned element affects source element cloned (#8908) + div.style.backgroundClip = "content-box"; + div.cloneNode( true ).style.backgroundClip = ""; + support.clearCloneStyle = div.style.backgroundClip === "content-box"; + + jQuery.extend( support, { + boxSizingReliable: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return boxSizingReliableVal; + }, + pixelBoxStyles: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return pixelBoxStylesVal; + }, + pixelPosition: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return pixelPositionVal; + }, + reliableMarginLeft: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return reliableMarginLeftVal; + }, + scrollboxSize: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return scrollboxSizeVal; + }, + + // Support: IE 9 - 11+, Edge 15 - 18+ + // IE/Edge misreport `getComputedStyle` of table rows with width/height + // set in CSS while `offset*` properties report correct values. + // Behavior in IE 9 is more subtle than in newer versions & it passes + // some versions of this test; make sure not to make it pass there! + // + // Support: Firefox 70+ + // Only Firefox includes border widths + // in computed dimensions. (gh-4529) + reliableTrDimensions: function() { + var table, tr, trChild, trStyle; + if ( reliableTrDimensionsVal == null ) { + table = document.createElement( "table" ); + tr = document.createElement( "tr" ); + trChild = document.createElement( "div" ); + + table.style.cssText = "position:absolute;left:-11111px;border-collapse:separate"; + tr.style.cssText = "border:1px solid"; + + // Support: Chrome 86+ + // Height set through cssText does not get applied. + // Computed height then comes back as 0. + tr.style.height = "1px"; + trChild.style.height = "9px"; + + // Support: Android 8 Chrome 86+ + // In our bodyBackground.html iframe, + // display for all div elements is set to "inline", + // which causes a problem only in Android 8 Chrome 86. + // Ensuring the div is display: block + // gets around this issue. + trChild.style.display = "block"; + + documentElement + .appendChild( table ) + .appendChild( tr ) + .appendChild( trChild ); + + trStyle = window.getComputedStyle( tr ); + reliableTrDimensionsVal = ( parseInt( trStyle.height, 10 ) + + parseInt( trStyle.borderTopWidth, 10 ) + + parseInt( trStyle.borderBottomWidth, 10 ) ) === tr.offsetHeight; + + documentElement.removeChild( table ); + } + return reliableTrDimensionsVal; + } + } ); +} )(); + + +function curCSS( elem, name, computed ) { + var width, minWidth, maxWidth, ret, + + // Support: Firefox 51+ + // Retrieving style before computed somehow + // fixes an issue with getting wrong values + // on detached elements + style = elem.style; + + computed = computed || getStyles( elem ); + + // getPropertyValue is needed for: + // .css('filter') (IE 9 only, #12537) + // .css('--customProperty) (#3144) + if ( computed ) { + ret = computed.getPropertyValue( name ) || computed[ name ]; + + if ( ret === "" && !isAttached( elem ) ) { + ret = jQuery.style( elem, name ); + } + + // A tribute to the "awesome hack by Dean Edwards" + // Android Browser returns percentage for some values, + // but width seems to be reliably pixels. + // This is against the CSSOM draft spec: + // https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#resolved-values + if ( !support.pixelBoxStyles() && rnumnonpx.test( ret ) && rboxStyle.test( name ) ) { + + // Remember the original values + width = style.width; + minWidth = style.minWidth; + maxWidth = style.maxWidth; + + // Put in the new values to get a computed value out + style.minWidth = style.maxWidth = style.width = ret; + ret = computed.width; + + // Revert the changed values + style.width = width; + style.minWidth = minWidth; + style.maxWidth = maxWidth; + } + } + + return ret !== undefined ? + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // IE returns zIndex value as an integer. + ret + "" : + ret; +} + + +function addGetHookIf( conditionFn, hookFn ) { + + // Define the hook, we'll check on the first run if it's really needed. + return { + get: function() { + if ( conditionFn() ) { + + // Hook not needed (or it's not possible to use it due + // to missing dependency), remove it. + delete this.get; + return; + } + + // Hook needed; redefine it so that the support test is not executed again. + return ( this.get = hookFn ).apply( this, arguments ); + } + }; +} + + +var cssPrefixes = [ "Webkit", "Moz", "ms" ], + emptyStyle = document.createElement( "div" ).style, + vendorProps = {}; + +// Return a vendor-prefixed property or undefined +function vendorPropName( name ) { + + // Check for vendor prefixed names + var capName = name[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + name.slice( 1 ), + i = cssPrefixes.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + name = cssPrefixes[ i ] + capName; + if ( name in emptyStyle ) { + return name; + } + } +} + +// Return a potentially-mapped jQuery.cssProps or vendor prefixed property +function finalPropName( name ) { + var final = jQuery.cssProps[ name ] || vendorProps[ name ]; + + if ( final ) { + return final; + } + if ( name in emptyStyle ) { + return name; + } + return vendorProps[ name ] = vendorPropName( name ) || name; +} + + +var + + // Swappable if display is none or starts with table + // except "table", "table-cell", or "table-caption" + // See here for display values: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/CSS/display + rdisplayswap = /^(none|table(?!-c[ea]).+)/, + rcustomProp = /^--/, + cssShow = { position: "absolute", visibility: "hidden", display: "block" }, + cssNormalTransform = { + letterSpacing: "0", + fontWeight: "400" + }; + +function setPositiveNumber( _elem, value, subtract ) { + + // Any relative (+/-) values have already been + // normalized at this point + var matches = rcssNum.exec( value ); + return matches ? + + // Guard against undefined "subtract", e.g., when used as in cssHooks + Math.max( 0, matches[ 2 ] - ( subtract || 0 ) ) + ( matches[ 3 ] || "px" ) : + value; +} + +function boxModelAdjustment( elem, dimension, box, isBorderBox, styles, computedVal ) { + var i = dimension === "width" ? 1 : 0, + extra = 0, + delta = 0; + + // Adjustment may not be necessary + if ( box === ( isBorderBox ? "border" : "content" ) ) { + return 0; + } + + for ( ; i < 4; i += 2 ) { + + // Both box models exclude margin + if ( box === "margin" ) { + delta += jQuery.css( elem, box + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles ); + } + + // If we get here with a content-box, we're seeking "padding" or "border" or "margin" + if ( !isBorderBox ) { + + // Add padding + delta += jQuery.css( elem, "padding" + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles ); + + // For "border" or "margin", add border + if ( box !== "padding" ) { + delta += jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles ); + + // But still keep track of it otherwise + } else { + extra += jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles ); + } + + // If we get here with a border-box (content + padding + border), we're seeking "content" or + // "padding" or "margin" + } else { + + // For "content", subtract padding + if ( box === "content" ) { + delta -= jQuery.css( elem, "padding" + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles ); + } + + // For "content" or "padding", subtract border + if ( box !== "margin" ) { + delta -= jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles ); + } + } + } + + // Account for positive content-box scroll gutter when requested by providing computedVal + if ( !isBorderBox && computedVal >= 0 ) { + + // offsetWidth/offsetHeight is a rounded sum of content, padding, scroll gutter, and border + // Assuming integer scroll gutter, subtract the rest and round down + delta += Math.max( 0, Math.ceil( + elem[ "offset" + dimension[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice( 1 ) ] - + computedVal - + delta - + extra - + 0.5 + + // If offsetWidth/offsetHeight is unknown, then we can't determine content-box scroll gutter + // Use an explicit zero to avoid NaN (gh-3964) + ) ) || 0; + } + + return delta; +} + +function getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra ) { + + // Start with computed style + var styles = getStyles( elem ), + + // To avoid forcing a reflow, only fetch boxSizing if we need it (gh-4322). + // Fake content-box until we know it's needed to know the true value. + boxSizingNeeded = !support.boxSizingReliable() || extra, + isBorderBox = boxSizingNeeded && + jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box", + valueIsBorderBox = isBorderBox, + + val = curCSS( elem, dimension, styles ), + offsetProp = "offset" + dimension[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice( 1 ); + + // Support: Firefox <=54 + // Return a confounding non-pixel value or feign ignorance, as appropriate. + if ( rnumnonpx.test( val ) ) { + if ( !extra ) { + return val; + } + val = "auto"; + } + + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only + // Use offsetWidth/offsetHeight for when box sizing is unreliable. + // In those cases, the computed value can be trusted to be border-box. + if ( ( !support.boxSizingReliable() && isBorderBox || + + // Support: IE 10 - 11+, Edge 15 - 18+ + // IE/Edge misreport `getComputedStyle` of table rows with width/height + // set in CSS while `offset*` properties report correct values. + // Interestingly, in some cases IE 9 doesn't suffer from this issue. + !support.reliableTrDimensions() && nodeName( elem, "tr" ) || + + // Fall back to offsetWidth/offsetHeight when value is "auto" + // This happens for inline elements with no explicit setting (gh-3571) + val === "auto" || + + // Support: Android <=4.1 - 4.3 only + // Also use offsetWidth/offsetHeight for misreported inline dimensions (gh-3602) + !parseFloat( val ) && jQuery.css( elem, "display", false, styles ) === "inline" ) && + + // Make sure the element is visible & connected + elem.getClientRects().length ) { + + isBorderBox = jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box"; + + // Where available, offsetWidth/offsetHeight approximate border box dimensions. + // Where not available (e.g., SVG), assume unreliable box-sizing and interpret the + // retrieved value as a content box dimension. + valueIsBorderBox = offsetProp in elem; + if ( valueIsBorderBox ) { + val = elem[ offsetProp ]; + } + } + + // Normalize "" and auto + val = parseFloat( val ) || 0; + + // Adjust for the element's box model + return ( val + + boxModelAdjustment( + elem, + dimension, + extra || ( isBorderBox ? "border" : "content" ), + valueIsBorderBox, + styles, + + // Provide the current computed size to request scroll gutter calculation (gh-3589) + val + ) + ) + "px"; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Add in style property hooks for overriding the default + // behavior of getting and setting a style property + cssHooks: { + opacity: { + get: function( elem, computed ) { + if ( computed ) { + + // We should always get a number back from opacity + var ret = curCSS( elem, "opacity" ); + return ret === "" ? "1" : ret; + } + } + } + }, + + // Don't automatically add "px" to these possibly-unitless properties + cssNumber: { + "animationIterationCount": true, + "columnCount": true, + "fillOpacity": true, + "flexGrow": true, + "flexShrink": true, + "fontWeight": true, + "gridArea": true, + "gridColumn": true, + "gridColumnEnd": true, + "gridColumnStart": true, + "gridRow": true, + "gridRowEnd": true, + "gridRowStart": true, + "lineHeight": true, + "opacity": true, + "order": true, + "orphans": true, + "widows": true, + "zIndex": true, + "zoom": true + }, + + // Add in properties whose names you wish to fix before + // setting or getting the value + cssProps: {}, + + // Get and set the style property on a DOM Node + style: function( elem, name, value, extra ) { + + // Don't set styles on text and comment nodes + if ( !elem || elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 8 || !elem.style ) { + return; + } + + // Make sure that we're working with the right name + var ret, type, hooks, + origName = camelCase( name ), + isCustomProp = rcustomProp.test( name ), + style = elem.style; + + // Make sure that we're working with the right name. We don't + // want to query the value if it is a CSS custom property + // since they are user-defined. + if ( !isCustomProp ) { + name = finalPropName( origName ); + } + + // Gets hook for the prefixed version, then unprefixed version + hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] || jQuery.cssHooks[ origName ]; + + // Check if we're setting a value + if ( value !== undefined ) { + type = typeof value; + + // Convert "+=" or "-=" to relative numbers (#7345) + if ( type === "string" && ( ret = rcssNum.exec( value ) ) && ret[ 1 ] ) { + value = adjustCSS( elem, name, ret ); + + // Fixes bug #9237 + type = "number"; + } + + // Make sure that null and NaN values aren't set (#7116) + if ( value == null || value !== value ) { + return; + } + + // If a number was passed in, add the unit (except for certain CSS properties) + // The isCustomProp check can be removed in jQuery 4.0 when we only auto-append + // "px" to a few hardcoded values. + if ( type === "number" && !isCustomProp ) { + value += ret && ret[ 3 ] || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ origName ] ? "" : "px" ); + } + + // background-* props affect original clone's values + if ( !support.clearCloneStyle && value === "" && name.indexOf( "background" ) === 0 ) { + style[ name ] = "inherit"; + } + + // If a hook was provided, use that value, otherwise just set the specified value + if ( !hooks || !( "set" in hooks ) || + ( value = hooks.set( elem, value, extra ) ) !== undefined ) { + + if ( isCustomProp ) { + style.setProperty( name, value ); + } else { + style[ name ] = value; + } + } + + } else { + + // If a hook was provided get the non-computed value from there + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.get( elem, false, extra ) ) !== undefined ) { + + return ret; + } + + // Otherwise just get the value from the style object + return style[ name ]; + } + }, + + css: function( elem, name, extra, styles ) { + var val, num, hooks, + origName = camelCase( name ), + isCustomProp = rcustomProp.test( name ); + + // Make sure that we're working with the right name. We don't + // want to modify the value if it is a CSS custom property + // since they are user-defined. + if ( !isCustomProp ) { + name = finalPropName( origName ); + } + + // Try prefixed name followed by the unprefixed name + hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] || jQuery.cssHooks[ origName ]; + + // If a hook was provided get the computed value from there + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks ) { + val = hooks.get( elem, true, extra ); + } + + // Otherwise, if a way to get the computed value exists, use that + if ( val === undefined ) { + val = curCSS( elem, name, styles ); + } + + // Convert "normal" to computed value + if ( val === "normal" && name in cssNormalTransform ) { + val = cssNormalTransform[ name ]; + } + + // Make numeric if forced or a qualifier was provided and val looks numeric + if ( extra === "" || extra ) { + num = parseFloat( val ); + return extra === true || isFinite( num ) ? num || 0 : val; + } + + return val; + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( [ "height", "width" ], function( _i, dimension ) { + jQuery.cssHooks[ dimension ] = { + get: function( elem, computed, extra ) { + if ( computed ) { + + // Certain elements can have dimension info if we invisibly show them + // but it must have a current display style that would benefit + return rdisplayswap.test( jQuery.css( elem, "display" ) ) && + + // Support: Safari 8+ + // Table columns in Safari have non-zero offsetWidth & zero + // getBoundingClientRect().width unless display is changed. + // Support: IE <=11 only + // Running getBoundingClientRect on a disconnected node + // in IE throws an error. + ( !elem.getClientRects().length || !elem.getBoundingClientRect().width ) ? + swap( elem, cssShow, function() { + return getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra ); + } ) : + getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra ); + } + }, + + set: function( elem, value, extra ) { + var matches, + styles = getStyles( elem ), + + // Only read styles.position if the test has a chance to fail + // to avoid forcing a reflow. + scrollboxSizeBuggy = !support.scrollboxSize() && + styles.position === "absolute", + + // To avoid forcing a reflow, only fetch boxSizing if we need it (gh-3991) + boxSizingNeeded = scrollboxSizeBuggy || extra, + isBorderBox = boxSizingNeeded && + jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box", + subtract = extra ? + boxModelAdjustment( + elem, + dimension, + extra, + isBorderBox, + styles + ) : + 0; + + // Account for unreliable border-box dimensions by comparing offset* to computed and + // faking a content-box to get border and padding (gh-3699) + if ( isBorderBox && scrollboxSizeBuggy ) { + subtract -= Math.ceil( + elem[ "offset" + dimension[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice( 1 ) ] - + parseFloat( styles[ dimension ] ) - + boxModelAdjustment( elem, dimension, "border", false, styles ) - + 0.5 + ); + } + + // Convert to pixels if value adjustment is needed + if ( subtract && ( matches = rcssNum.exec( value ) ) && + ( matches[ 3 ] || "px" ) !== "px" ) { + + elem.style[ dimension ] = value; + value = jQuery.css( elem, dimension ); + } + + return setPositiveNumber( elem, value, subtract ); + } + }; +} ); + +jQuery.cssHooks.marginLeft = addGetHookIf( support.reliableMarginLeft, + function( elem, computed ) { + if ( computed ) { + return ( parseFloat( curCSS( elem, "marginLeft" ) ) || + elem.getBoundingClientRect().left - + swap( elem, { marginLeft: 0 }, function() { + return elem.getBoundingClientRect().left; + } ) + ) + "px"; + } + } +); + +// These hooks are used by animate to expand properties +jQuery.each( { + margin: "", + padding: "", + border: "Width" +}, function( prefix, suffix ) { + jQuery.cssHooks[ prefix + suffix ] = { + expand: function( value ) { + var i = 0, + expanded = {}, + + // Assumes a single number if not a string + parts = typeof value === "string" ? value.split( " " ) : [ value ]; + + for ( ; i < 4; i++ ) { + expanded[ prefix + cssExpand[ i ] + suffix ] = + parts[ i ] || parts[ i - 2 ] || parts[ 0 ]; + } + + return expanded; + } + }; + + if ( prefix !== "margin" ) { + jQuery.cssHooks[ prefix + suffix ].set = setPositiveNumber; + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + css: function( name, value ) { + return access( this, function( elem, name, value ) { + var styles, len, + map = {}, + i = 0; + + if ( Array.isArray( name ) ) { + styles = getStyles( elem ); + len = name.length; + + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + map[ name[ i ] ] = jQuery.css( elem, name[ i ], false, styles ); + } + + return map; + } + + return value !== undefined ? + jQuery.style( elem, name, value ) : + jQuery.css( elem, name ); + }, name, value, arguments.length > 1 ); + } +} ); + + +function Tween( elem, options, prop, end, easing ) { + return new Tween.prototype.init( elem, options, prop, end, easing ); +} +jQuery.Tween = Tween; + +Tween.prototype = { + constructor: Tween, + init: function( elem, options, prop, end, easing, unit ) { + this.elem = elem; + this.prop = prop; + this.easing = easing || jQuery.easing._default; + this.options = options; + this.start = this.now = this.cur(); + this.end = end; + this.unit = unit || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] ? "" : "px" ); + }, + cur: function() { + var hooks = Tween.propHooks[ this.prop ]; + + return hooks && hooks.get ? + hooks.get( this ) : + Tween.propHooks._default.get( this ); + }, + run: function( percent ) { + var eased, + hooks = Tween.propHooks[ this.prop ]; + + if ( this.options.duration ) { + this.pos = eased = jQuery.easing[ this.easing ]( + percent, this.options.duration * percent, 0, 1, this.options.duration + ); + } else { + this.pos = eased = percent; + } + this.now = ( this.end - this.start ) * eased + this.start; + + if ( this.options.step ) { + this.options.step.call( this.elem, this.now, this ); + } + + if ( hooks && hooks.set ) { + hooks.set( this ); + } else { + Tween.propHooks._default.set( this ); + } + return this; + } +}; + +Tween.prototype.init.prototype = Tween.prototype; + +Tween.propHooks = { + _default: { + get: function( tween ) { + var result; + + // Use a property on the element directly when it is not a DOM element, + // or when there is no matching style property that exists. + if ( tween.elem.nodeType !== 1 || + tween.elem[ tween.prop ] != null && tween.elem.style[ tween.prop ] == null ) { + return tween.elem[ tween.prop ]; + } + + // Passing an empty string as a 3rd parameter to .css will automatically + // attempt a parseFloat and fallback to a string if the parse fails. + // Simple values such as "10px" are parsed to Float; + // complex values such as "rotate(1rad)" are returned as-is. + result = jQuery.css( tween.elem, tween.prop, "" ); + + // Empty strings, null, undefined and "auto" are converted to 0. + return !result || result === "auto" ? 0 : result; + }, + set: function( tween ) { + + // Use step hook for back compat. + // Use cssHook if its there. + // Use .style if available and use plain properties where available. + if ( jQuery.fx.step[ tween.prop ] ) { + jQuery.fx.step[ tween.prop ]( tween ); + } else if ( tween.elem.nodeType === 1 && ( + jQuery.cssHooks[ tween.prop ] || + tween.elem.style[ finalPropName( tween.prop ) ] != null ) ) { + jQuery.style( tween.elem, tween.prop, tween.now + tween.unit ); + } else { + tween.elem[ tween.prop ] = tween.now; + } + } + } +}; + +// Support: IE <=9 only +// Panic based approach to setting things on disconnected nodes +Tween.propHooks.scrollTop = Tween.propHooks.scrollLeft = { + set: function( tween ) { + if ( tween.elem.nodeType && tween.elem.parentNode ) { + tween.elem[ tween.prop ] = tween.now; + } + } +}; + +jQuery.easing = { + linear: function( p ) { + return p; + }, + swing: function( p ) { + return 0.5 - Math.cos( p * Math.PI ) / 2; + }, + _default: "swing" +}; + +jQuery.fx = Tween.prototype.init; + +// Back compat <1.8 extension point +jQuery.fx.step = {}; + + + + +var + fxNow, inProgress, + rfxtypes = /^(?:toggle|show|hide)$/, + rrun = /queueHooks$/; + +function schedule() { + if ( inProgress ) { + if ( document.hidden === false && window.requestAnimationFrame ) { + window.requestAnimationFrame( schedule ); + } else { + window.setTimeout( schedule, jQuery.fx.interval ); + } + + jQuery.fx.tick(); + } +} + +// Animations created synchronously will run synchronously +function createFxNow() { + window.setTimeout( function() { + fxNow = undefined; + } ); + return ( fxNow = Date.now() ); +} + +// Generate parameters to create a standard animation +function genFx( type, includeWidth ) { + var which, + i = 0, + attrs = { height: type }; + + // If we include width, step value is 1 to do all cssExpand values, + // otherwise step value is 2 to skip over Left and Right + includeWidth = includeWidth ? 1 : 0; + for ( ; i < 4; i += 2 - includeWidth ) { + which = cssExpand[ i ]; + attrs[ "margin" + which ] = attrs[ "padding" + which ] = type; + } + + if ( includeWidth ) { + attrs.opacity = attrs.width = type; + } + + return attrs; +} + +function createTween( value, prop, animation ) { + var tween, + collection = ( Animation.tweeners[ prop ] || [] ).concat( Animation.tweeners[ "*" ] ), + index = 0, + length = collection.length; + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + if ( ( tween = collection[ index ].call( animation, prop, value ) ) ) { + + // We're done with this property + return tween; + } + } +} + +function defaultPrefilter( elem, props, opts ) { + var prop, value, toggle, hooks, oldfire, propTween, restoreDisplay, display, + isBox = "width" in props || "height" in props, + anim = this, + orig = {}, + style = elem.style, + hidden = elem.nodeType && isHiddenWithinTree( elem ), + dataShow = dataPriv.get( elem, "fxshow" ); + + // Queue-skipping animations hijack the fx hooks + if ( !opts.queue ) { + hooks = jQuery._queueHooks( elem, "fx" ); + if ( hooks.unqueued == null ) { + hooks.unqueued = 0; + oldfire = hooks.empty.fire; + hooks.empty.fire = function() { + if ( !hooks.unqueued ) { + oldfire(); + } + }; + } + hooks.unqueued++; + + anim.always( function() { + + // Ensure the complete handler is called before this completes + anim.always( function() { + hooks.unqueued--; + if ( !jQuery.queue( elem, "fx" ).length ) { + hooks.empty.fire(); + } + } ); + } ); + } + + // Detect show/hide animations + for ( prop in props ) { + value = props[ prop ]; + if ( rfxtypes.test( value ) ) { + delete props[ prop ]; + toggle = toggle || value === "toggle"; + if ( value === ( hidden ? "hide" : "show" ) ) { + + // Pretend to be hidden if this is a "show" and + // there is still data from a stopped show/hide + if ( value === "show" && dataShow && dataShow[ prop ] !== undefined ) { + hidden = true; + + // Ignore all other no-op show/hide data + } else { + continue; + } + } + orig[ prop ] = dataShow && dataShow[ prop ] || jQuery.style( elem, prop ); + } + } + + // Bail out if this is a no-op like .hide().hide() + propTween = !jQuery.isEmptyObject( props ); + if ( !propTween && jQuery.isEmptyObject( orig ) ) { + return; + } + + // Restrict "overflow" and "display" styles during box animations + if ( isBox && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11, Edge 12 - 15 + // Record all 3 overflow attributes because IE does not infer the shorthand + // from identically-valued overflowX and overflowY and Edge just mirrors + // the overflowX value there. + opts.overflow = [ style.overflow, style.overflowX, style.overflowY ]; + + // Identify a display type, preferring old show/hide data over the CSS cascade + restoreDisplay = dataShow && dataShow.display; + if ( restoreDisplay == null ) { + restoreDisplay = dataPriv.get( elem, "display" ); + } + display = jQuery.css( elem, "display" ); + if ( display === "none" ) { + if ( restoreDisplay ) { + display = restoreDisplay; + } else { + + // Get nonempty value(s) by temporarily forcing visibility + showHide( [ elem ], true ); + restoreDisplay = elem.style.display || restoreDisplay; + display = jQuery.css( elem, "display" ); + showHide( [ elem ] ); + } + } + + // Animate inline elements as inline-block + if ( display === "inline" || display === "inline-block" && restoreDisplay != null ) { + if ( jQuery.css( elem, "float" ) === "none" ) { + + // Restore the original display value at the end of pure show/hide animations + if ( !propTween ) { + anim.done( function() { + style.display = restoreDisplay; + } ); + if ( restoreDisplay == null ) { + display = style.display; + restoreDisplay = display === "none" ? "" : display; + } + } + style.display = "inline-block"; + } + } + } + + if ( opts.overflow ) { + style.overflow = "hidden"; + anim.always( function() { + style.overflow = opts.overflow[ 0 ]; + style.overflowX = opts.overflow[ 1 ]; + style.overflowY = opts.overflow[ 2 ]; + } ); + } + + // Implement show/hide animations + propTween = false; + for ( prop in orig ) { + + // General show/hide setup for this element animation + if ( !propTween ) { + if ( dataShow ) { + if ( "hidden" in dataShow ) { + hidden = dataShow.hidden; + } + } else { + dataShow = dataPriv.access( elem, "fxshow", { display: restoreDisplay } ); + } + + // Store hidden/visible for toggle so `.stop().toggle()` "reverses" + if ( toggle ) { + dataShow.hidden = !hidden; + } + + // Show elements before animating them + if ( hidden ) { + showHide( [ elem ], true ); + } + + /* eslint-disable no-loop-func */ + + anim.done( function() { + + /* eslint-enable no-loop-func */ + + // The final step of a "hide" animation is actually hiding the element + if ( !hidden ) { + showHide( [ elem ] ); + } + dataPriv.remove( elem, "fxshow" ); + for ( prop in orig ) { + jQuery.style( elem, prop, orig[ prop ] ); + } + } ); + } + + // Per-property setup + propTween = createTween( hidden ? dataShow[ prop ] : 0, prop, anim ); + if ( !( prop in dataShow ) ) { + dataShow[ prop ] = propTween.start; + if ( hidden ) { + propTween.end = propTween.start; + propTween.start = 0; + } + } + } +} + +function propFilter( props, specialEasing ) { + var index, name, easing, value, hooks; + + // camelCase, specialEasing and expand cssHook pass + for ( index in props ) { + name = camelCase( index ); + easing = specialEasing[ name ]; + value = props[ index ]; + if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) { + easing = value[ 1 ]; + value = props[ index ] = value[ 0 ]; + } + + if ( index !== name ) { + props[ name ] = value; + delete props[ index ]; + } + + hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ]; + if ( hooks && "expand" in hooks ) { + value = hooks.expand( value ); + delete props[ name ]; + + // Not quite $.extend, this won't overwrite existing keys. + // Reusing 'index' because we have the correct "name" + for ( index in value ) { + if ( !( index in props ) ) { + props[ index ] = value[ index ]; + specialEasing[ index ] = easing; + } + } + } else { + specialEasing[ name ] = easing; + } + } +} + +function Animation( elem, properties, options ) { + var result, + stopped, + index = 0, + length = Animation.prefilters.length, + deferred = jQuery.Deferred().always( function() { + + // Don't match elem in the :animated selector + delete tick.elem; + } ), + tick = function() { + if ( stopped ) { + return false; + } + var currentTime = fxNow || createFxNow(), + remaining = Math.max( 0, animation.startTime + animation.duration - currentTime ), + + // Support: Android 2.3 only + // Archaic crash bug won't allow us to use `1 - ( 0.5 || 0 )` (#12497) + temp = remaining / animation.duration || 0, + percent = 1 - temp, + index = 0, + length = animation.tweens.length; + + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + animation.tweens[ index ].run( percent ); + } + + deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, percent, remaining ] ); + + // If there's more to do, yield + if ( percent < 1 && length ) { + return remaining; + } + + // If this was an empty animation, synthesize a final progress notification + if ( !length ) { + deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, 1, 0 ] ); + } + + // Resolve the animation and report its conclusion + deferred.resolveWith( elem, [ animation ] ); + return false; + }, + animation = deferred.promise( { + elem: elem, + props: jQuery.extend( {}, properties ), + opts: jQuery.extend( true, { + specialEasing: {}, + easing: jQuery.easing._default + }, options ), + originalProperties: properties, + originalOptions: options, + startTime: fxNow || createFxNow(), + duration: options.duration, + tweens: [], + createTween: function( prop, end ) { + var tween = jQuery.Tween( elem, animation.opts, prop, end, + animation.opts.specialEasing[ prop ] || animation.opts.easing ); + animation.tweens.push( tween ); + return tween; + }, + stop: function( gotoEnd ) { + var index = 0, + + // If we are going to the end, we want to run all the tweens + // otherwise we skip this part + length = gotoEnd ? animation.tweens.length : 0; + if ( stopped ) { + return this; + } + stopped = true; + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + animation.tweens[ index ].run( 1 ); + } + + // Resolve when we played the last frame; otherwise, reject + if ( gotoEnd ) { + deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, 1, 0 ] ); + deferred.resolveWith( elem, [ animation, gotoEnd ] ); + } else { + deferred.rejectWith( elem, [ animation, gotoEnd ] ); + } + return this; + } + } ), + props = animation.props; + + propFilter( props, animation.opts.specialEasing ); + + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + result = Animation.prefilters[ index ].call( animation, elem, props, animation.opts ); + if ( result ) { + if ( isFunction( result.stop ) ) { + jQuery._queueHooks( animation.elem, animation.opts.queue ).stop = + result.stop.bind( result ); + } + return result; + } + } + + jQuery.map( props, createTween, animation ); + + if ( isFunction( animation.opts.start ) ) { + animation.opts.start.call( elem, animation ); + } + + // Attach callbacks from options + animation + .progress( animation.opts.progress ) + .done( animation.opts.done, animation.opts.complete ) + .fail( animation.opts.fail ) + .always( animation.opts.always ); + + jQuery.fx.timer( + jQuery.extend( tick, { + elem: elem, + anim: animation, + queue: animation.opts.queue + } ) + ); + + return animation; +} + +jQuery.Animation = jQuery.extend( Animation, { + + tweeners: { + "*": [ function( prop, value ) { + var tween = this.createTween( prop, value ); + adjustCSS( tween.elem, prop, rcssNum.exec( value ), tween ); + return tween; + } ] + }, + + tweener: function( props, callback ) { + if ( isFunction( props ) ) { + callback = props; + props = [ "*" ]; + } else { + props = props.match( rnothtmlwhite ); + } + + var prop, + index = 0, + length = props.length; + + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + prop = props[ index ]; + Animation.tweeners[ prop ] = Animation.tweeners[ prop ] || []; + Animation.tweeners[ prop ].unshift( callback ); + } + }, + + prefilters: [ defaultPrefilter ], + + prefilter: function( callback, prepend ) { + if ( prepend ) { + Animation.prefilters.unshift( callback ); + } else { + Animation.prefilters.push( callback ); + } + } +} ); + +jQuery.speed = function( speed, easing, fn ) { + var opt = speed && typeof speed === "object" ? jQuery.extend( {}, speed ) : { + complete: fn || !fn && easing || + isFunction( speed ) && speed, + duration: speed, + easing: fn && easing || easing && !isFunction( easing ) && easing + }; + + // Go to the end state if fx are off + if ( jQuery.fx.off ) { + opt.duration = 0; + + } else { + if ( typeof opt.duration !== "number" ) { + if ( opt.duration in jQuery.fx.speeds ) { + opt.duration = jQuery.fx.speeds[ opt.duration ]; + + } else { + opt.duration = jQuery.fx.speeds._default; + } + } + } + + // Normalize opt.queue - true/undefined/null -> "fx" + if ( opt.queue == null || opt.queue === true ) { + opt.queue = "fx"; + } + + // Queueing + opt.old = opt.complete; + + opt.complete = function() { + if ( isFunction( opt.old ) ) { + opt.old.call( this ); + } + + if ( opt.queue ) { + jQuery.dequeue( this, opt.queue ); + } + }; + + return opt; +}; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + fadeTo: function( speed, to, easing, callback ) { + + // Show any hidden elements after setting opacity to 0 + return this.filter( isHiddenWithinTree ).css( "opacity", 0 ).show() + + // Animate to the value specified + .end().animate( { opacity: to }, speed, easing, callback ); + }, + animate: function( prop, speed, easing, callback ) { + var empty = jQuery.isEmptyObject( prop ), + optall = jQuery.speed( speed, easing, callback ), + doAnimation = function() { + + // Operate on a copy of prop so per-property easing won't be lost + var anim = Animation( this, jQuery.extend( {}, prop ), optall ); + + // Empty animations, or finishing resolves immediately + if ( empty || dataPriv.get( this, "finish" ) ) { + anim.stop( true ); + } + }; + + doAnimation.finish = doAnimation; + + return empty || optall.queue === false ? + this.each( doAnimation ) : + this.queue( optall.queue, doAnimation ); + }, + stop: function( type, clearQueue, gotoEnd ) { + var stopQueue = function( hooks ) { + var stop = hooks.stop; + delete hooks.stop; + stop( gotoEnd ); + }; + + if ( typeof type !== "string" ) { + gotoEnd = clearQueue; + clearQueue = type; + type = undefined; + } + if ( clearQueue ) { + this.queue( type || "fx", [] ); + } + + return this.each( function() { + var dequeue = true, + index = type != null && type + "queueHooks", + timers = jQuery.timers, + data = dataPriv.get( this ); + + if ( index ) { + if ( data[ index ] && data[ index ].stop ) { + stopQueue( data[ index ] ); + } + } else { + for ( index in data ) { + if ( data[ index ] && data[ index ].stop && rrun.test( index ) ) { + stopQueue( data[ index ] ); + } + } + } + + for ( index = timers.length; index--; ) { + if ( timers[ index ].elem === this && + ( type == null || timers[ index ].queue === type ) ) { + + timers[ index ].anim.stop( gotoEnd ); + dequeue = false; + timers.splice( index, 1 ); + } + } + + // Start the next in the queue if the last step wasn't forced. + // Timers currently will call their complete callbacks, which + // will dequeue but only if they were gotoEnd. + if ( dequeue || !gotoEnd ) { + jQuery.dequeue( this, type ); + } + } ); + }, + finish: function( type ) { + if ( type !== false ) { + type = type || "fx"; + } + return this.each( function() { + var index, + data = dataPriv.get( this ), + queue = data[ type + "queue" ], + hooks = data[ type + "queueHooks" ], + timers = jQuery.timers, + length = queue ? queue.length : 0; + + // Enable finishing flag on private data + data.finish = true; + + // Empty the queue first + jQuery.queue( this, type, [] ); + + if ( hooks && hooks.stop ) { + hooks.stop.call( this, true ); + } + + // Look for any active animations, and finish them + for ( index = timers.length; index--; ) { + if ( timers[ index ].elem === this && timers[ index ].queue === type ) { + timers[ index ].anim.stop( true ); + timers.splice( index, 1 ); + } + } + + // Look for any animations in the old queue and finish them + for ( index = 0; index < length; index++ ) { + if ( queue[ index ] && queue[ index ].finish ) { + queue[ index ].finish.call( this ); + } + } + + // Turn off finishing flag + delete data.finish; + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( [ "toggle", "show", "hide" ], function( _i, name ) { + var cssFn = jQuery.fn[ name ]; + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( speed, easing, callback ) { + return speed == null || typeof speed === "boolean" ? + cssFn.apply( this, arguments ) : + this.animate( genFx( name, true ), speed, easing, callback ); + }; +} ); + +// Generate shortcuts for custom animations +jQuery.each( { + slideDown: genFx( "show" ), + slideUp: genFx( "hide" ), + slideToggle: genFx( "toggle" ), + fadeIn: { opacity: "show" }, + fadeOut: { opacity: "hide" }, + fadeToggle: { opacity: "toggle" } +}, function( name, props ) { + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( speed, easing, callback ) { + return this.animate( props, speed, easing, callback ); + }; +} ); + +jQuery.timers = []; +jQuery.fx.tick = function() { + var timer, + i = 0, + timers = jQuery.timers; + + fxNow = Date.now(); + + for ( ; i < timers.length; i++ ) { + timer = timers[ i ]; + + // Run the timer and safely remove it when done (allowing for external removal) + if ( !timer() && timers[ i ] === timer ) { + timers.splice( i--, 1 ); + } + } + + if ( !timers.length ) { + jQuery.fx.stop(); + } + fxNow = undefined; +}; + +jQuery.fx.timer = function( timer ) { + jQuery.timers.push( timer ); + jQuery.fx.start(); +}; + +jQuery.fx.interval = 13; +jQuery.fx.start = function() { + if ( inProgress ) { + return; + } + + inProgress = true; + schedule(); +}; + +jQuery.fx.stop = function() { + inProgress = null; +}; + +jQuery.fx.speeds = { + slow: 600, + fast: 200, + + // Default speed + _default: 400 +}; + + +// Based off of the plugin by Clint Helfers, with permission. +// https://web.archive.org/web/20100324014747/http://blindsignals.com/index.php/2009/07/jquery-delay/ +jQuery.fn.delay = function( time, type ) { + time = jQuery.fx ? jQuery.fx.speeds[ time ] || time : time; + type = type || "fx"; + + return this.queue( type, function( next, hooks ) { + var timeout = window.setTimeout( next, time ); + hooks.stop = function() { + window.clearTimeout( timeout ); + }; + } ); +}; + + +( function() { + var input = document.createElement( "input" ), + select = document.createElement( "select" ), + opt = select.appendChild( document.createElement( "option" ) ); + + input.type = "checkbox"; + + // Support: Android <=4.3 only + // Default value for a checkbox should be "on" + support.checkOn = input.value !== ""; + + // Support: IE <=11 only + // Must access selectedIndex to make default options select + support.optSelected = opt.selected; + + // Support: IE <=11 only + // An input loses its value after becoming a radio + input = document.createElement( "input" ); + input.value = "t"; + input.type = "radio"; + support.radioValue = input.value === "t"; +} )(); + + +var boolHook, + attrHandle = jQuery.expr.attrHandle; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + attr: function( name, value ) { + return access( this, jQuery.attr, name, value, arguments.length > 1 ); + }, + + removeAttr: function( name ) { + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.removeAttr( this, name ); + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.extend( { + attr: function( elem, name, value ) { + var ret, hooks, + nType = elem.nodeType; + + // Don't get/set attributes on text, comment and attribute nodes + if ( nType === 3 || nType === 8 || nType === 2 ) { + return; + } + + // Fallback to prop when attributes are not supported + if ( typeof elem.getAttribute === "undefined" ) { + return jQuery.prop( elem, name, value ); + } + + // Attribute hooks are determined by the lowercase version + // Grab necessary hook if one is defined + if ( nType !== 1 || !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) { + hooks = jQuery.attrHooks[ name.toLowerCase() ] || + ( jQuery.expr.match.bool.test( name ) ? boolHook : undefined ); + } + + if ( value !== undefined ) { + if ( value === null ) { + jQuery.removeAttr( elem, name ); + return; + } + + if ( hooks && "set" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.set( elem, value, name ) ) !== undefined ) { + return ret; + } + + elem.setAttribute( name, value + "" ); + return value; + } + + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && ( ret = hooks.get( elem, name ) ) !== null ) { + return ret; + } + + ret = jQuery.find.attr( elem, name ); + + // Non-existent attributes return null, we normalize to undefined + return ret == null ? undefined : ret; + }, + + attrHooks: { + type: { + set: function( elem, value ) { + if ( !support.radioValue && value === "radio" && + nodeName( elem, "input" ) ) { + var val = elem.value; + elem.setAttribute( "type", value ); + if ( val ) { + elem.value = val; + } + return value; + } + } + } + }, + + removeAttr: function( elem, value ) { + var name, + i = 0, + + // Attribute names can contain non-HTML whitespace characters + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#attributes-2 + attrNames = value && value.match( rnothtmlwhite ); + + if ( attrNames && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + while ( ( name = attrNames[ i++ ] ) ) { + elem.removeAttribute( name ); + } + } + } +} ); + +// Hooks for boolean attributes +boolHook = { + set: function( elem, value, name ) { + if ( value === false ) { + + // Remove boolean attributes when set to false + jQuery.removeAttr( elem, name ); + } else { + elem.setAttribute( name, name ); + } + return name; + } +}; + +jQuery.each( jQuery.expr.match.bool.source.match( /\w+/g ), function( _i, name ) { + var getter = attrHandle[ name ] || jQuery.find.attr; + + attrHandle[ name ] = function( elem, name, isXML ) { + var ret, handle, + lowercaseName = name.toLowerCase(); + + if ( !isXML ) { + + // Avoid an infinite loop by temporarily removing this function from the getter + handle = attrHandle[ lowercaseName ]; + attrHandle[ lowercaseName ] = ret; + ret = getter( elem, name, isXML ) != null ? + lowercaseName : + null; + attrHandle[ lowercaseName ] = handle; + } + return ret; + }; +} ); + + + + +var rfocusable = /^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i, + rclickable = /^(?:a|area)$/i; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + prop: function( name, value ) { + return access( this, jQuery.prop, name, value, arguments.length > 1 ); + }, + + removeProp: function( name ) { + return this.each( function() { + delete this[ jQuery.propFix[ name ] || name ]; + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.extend( { + prop: function( elem, name, value ) { + var ret, hooks, + nType = elem.nodeType; + + // Don't get/set properties on text, comment and attribute nodes + if ( nType === 3 || nType === 8 || nType === 2 ) { + return; + } + + if ( nType !== 1 || !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) { + + // Fix name and attach hooks + name = jQuery.propFix[ name ] || name; + hooks = jQuery.propHooks[ name ]; + } + + if ( value !== undefined ) { + if ( hooks && "set" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.set( elem, value, name ) ) !== undefined ) { + return ret; + } + + return ( elem[ name ] = value ); + } + + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && ( ret = hooks.get( elem, name ) ) !== null ) { + return ret; + } + + return elem[ name ]; + }, + + propHooks: { + tabIndex: { + get: function( elem ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // elem.tabIndex doesn't always return the + // correct value when it hasn't been explicitly set + // https://web.archive.org/web/20141116233347/http://fluidproject.org/blog/2008/01/09/getting-setting-and-removing-tabindex-values-with-javascript/ + // Use proper attribute retrieval(#12072) + var tabindex = jQuery.find.attr( elem, "tabindex" ); + + if ( tabindex ) { + return parseInt( tabindex, 10 ); + } + + if ( + rfocusable.test( elem.nodeName ) || + rclickable.test( elem.nodeName ) && + elem.href + ) { + return 0; + } + + return -1; + } + } + }, + + propFix: { + "for": "htmlFor", + "class": "className" + } +} ); + +// Support: IE <=11 only +// Accessing the selectedIndex property +// forces the browser to respect setting selected +// on the option +// The getter ensures a default option is selected +// when in an optgroup +// eslint rule "no-unused-expressions" is disabled for this code +// since it considers such accessions noop +if ( !support.optSelected ) { + jQuery.propHooks.selected = { + get: function( elem ) { + + /* eslint no-unused-expressions: "off" */ + + var parent = elem.parentNode; + if ( parent && parent.parentNode ) { + parent.parentNode.selectedIndex; + } + return null; + }, + set: function( elem ) { + + /* eslint no-unused-expressions: "off" */ + + var parent = elem.parentNode; + if ( parent ) { + parent.selectedIndex; + + if ( parent.parentNode ) { + parent.parentNode.selectedIndex; + } + } + } + }; +} + +jQuery.each( [ + "tabIndex", + "readOnly", + "maxLength", + "cellSpacing", + "cellPadding", + "rowSpan", + "colSpan", + "useMap", + "frameBorder", + "contentEditable" +], function() { + jQuery.propFix[ this.toLowerCase() ] = this; +} ); + + + + + // Strip and collapse whitespace according to HTML spec + // https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-and-collapse-ascii-whitespace + function stripAndCollapse( value ) { + var tokens = value.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + return tokens.join( " " ); + } + + +function getClass( elem ) { + return elem.getAttribute && elem.getAttribute( "class" ) || ""; +} + +function classesToArray( value ) { + if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) { + return value; + } + if ( typeof value === "string" ) { + return value.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + } + return []; +} + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + addClass: function( value ) { + var classes, elem, cur, curValue, clazz, j, finalValue, + i = 0; + + if ( isFunction( value ) ) { + return this.each( function( j ) { + jQuery( this ).addClass( value.call( this, j, getClass( this ) ) ); + } ); + } + + classes = classesToArray( value ); + + if ( classes.length ) { + while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) { + curValue = getClass( elem ); + cur = elem.nodeType === 1 && ( " " + stripAndCollapse( curValue ) + " " ); + + if ( cur ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( clazz = classes[ j++ ] ) ) { + if ( cur.indexOf( " " + clazz + " " ) < 0 ) { + cur += clazz + " "; + } + } + + // Only assign if different to avoid unneeded rendering. + finalValue = stripAndCollapse( cur ); + if ( curValue !== finalValue ) { + elem.setAttribute( "class", finalValue ); + } + } + } + } + + return this; + }, + + removeClass: function( value ) { + var classes, elem, cur, curValue, clazz, j, finalValue, + i = 0; + + if ( isFunction( value ) ) { + return this.each( function( j ) { + jQuery( this ).removeClass( value.call( this, j, getClass( this ) ) ); + } ); + } + + if ( !arguments.length ) { + return this.attr( "class", "" ); + } + + classes = classesToArray( value ); + + if ( classes.length ) { + while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) { + curValue = getClass( elem ); + + // This expression is here for better compressibility (see addClass) + cur = elem.nodeType === 1 && ( " " + stripAndCollapse( curValue ) + " " ); + + if ( cur ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( clazz = classes[ j++ ] ) ) { + + // Remove *all* instances + while ( cur.indexOf( " " + clazz + " " ) > -1 ) { + cur = cur.replace( " " + clazz + " ", " " ); + } + } + + // Only assign if different to avoid unneeded rendering. + finalValue = stripAndCollapse( cur ); + if ( curValue !== finalValue ) { + elem.setAttribute( "class", finalValue ); + } + } + } + } + + return this; + }, + + toggleClass: function( value, stateVal ) { + var type = typeof value, + isValidValue = type === "string" || Array.isArray( value ); + + if ( typeof stateVal === "boolean" && isValidValue ) { + return stateVal ? this.addClass( value ) : this.removeClass( value ); + } + + if ( isFunction( value ) ) { + return this.each( function( i ) { + jQuery( this ).toggleClass( + value.call( this, i, getClass( this ), stateVal ), + stateVal + ); + } ); + } + + return this.each( function() { + var className, i, self, classNames; + + if ( isValidValue ) { + + // Toggle individual class names + i = 0; + self = jQuery( this ); + classNames = classesToArray( value ); + + while ( ( className = classNames[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Check each className given, space separated list + if ( self.hasClass( className ) ) { + self.removeClass( className ); + } else { + self.addClass( className ); + } + } + + // Toggle whole class name + } else if ( value === undefined || type === "boolean" ) { + className = getClass( this ); + if ( className ) { + + // Store className if set + dataPriv.set( this, "__className__", className ); + } + + // If the element has a class name or if we're passed `false`, + // then remove the whole classname (if there was one, the above saved it). + // Otherwise bring back whatever was previously saved (if anything), + // falling back to the empty string if nothing was stored. + if ( this.setAttribute ) { + this.setAttribute( "class", + className || value === false ? + "" : + dataPriv.get( this, "__className__" ) || "" + ); + } + } + } ); + }, + + hasClass: function( selector ) { + var className, elem, + i = 0; + + className = " " + selector + " "; + while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 && + ( " " + stripAndCollapse( getClass( elem ) ) + " " ).indexOf( className ) > -1 ) { + return true; + } + } + + return false; + } +} ); + + + + +var rreturn = /\r/g; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + val: function( value ) { + var hooks, ret, valueIsFunction, + elem = this[ 0 ]; + + if ( !arguments.length ) { + if ( elem ) { + hooks = jQuery.valHooks[ elem.type ] || + jQuery.valHooks[ elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() ]; + + if ( hooks && + "get" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.get( elem, "value" ) ) !== undefined + ) { + return ret; + } + + ret = elem.value; + + // Handle most common string cases + if ( typeof ret === "string" ) { + return ret.replace( rreturn, "" ); + } + + // Handle cases where value is null/undef or number + return ret == null ? "" : ret; + } + + return; + } + + valueIsFunction = isFunction( value ); + + return this.each( function( i ) { + var val; + + if ( this.nodeType !== 1 ) { + return; + } + + if ( valueIsFunction ) { + val = value.call( this, i, jQuery( this ).val() ); + } else { + val = value; + } + + // Treat null/undefined as ""; convert numbers to string + if ( val == null ) { + val = ""; + + } else if ( typeof val === "number" ) { + val += ""; + + } else if ( Array.isArray( val ) ) { + val = jQuery.map( val, function( value ) { + return value == null ? "" : value + ""; + } ); + } + + hooks = jQuery.valHooks[ this.type ] || jQuery.valHooks[ this.nodeName.toLowerCase() ]; + + // If set returns undefined, fall back to normal setting + if ( !hooks || !( "set" in hooks ) || hooks.set( this, val, "value" ) === undefined ) { + this.value = val; + } + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.extend( { + valHooks: { + option: { + get: function( elem ) { + + var val = jQuery.find.attr( elem, "value" ); + return val != null ? + val : + + // Support: IE <=10 - 11 only + // option.text throws exceptions (#14686, #14858) + // Strip and collapse whitespace + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-and-collapse-whitespace + stripAndCollapse( jQuery.text( elem ) ); + } + }, + select: { + get: function( elem ) { + var value, option, i, + options = elem.options, + index = elem.selectedIndex, + one = elem.type === "select-one", + values = one ? null : [], + max = one ? index + 1 : options.length; + + if ( index < 0 ) { + i = max; + + } else { + i = one ? index : 0; + } + + // Loop through all the selected options + for ( ; i < max; i++ ) { + option = options[ i ]; + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // IE8-9 doesn't update selected after form reset (#2551) + if ( ( option.selected || i === index ) && + + // Don't return options that are disabled or in a disabled optgroup + !option.disabled && + ( !option.parentNode.disabled || + !nodeName( option.parentNode, "optgroup" ) ) ) { + + // Get the specific value for the option + value = jQuery( option ).val(); + + // We don't need an array for one selects + if ( one ) { + return value; + } + + // Multi-Selects return an array + values.push( value ); + } + } + + return values; + }, + + set: function( elem, value ) { + var optionSet, option, + options = elem.options, + values = jQuery.makeArray( value ), + i = options.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + option = options[ i ]; + + /* eslint-disable no-cond-assign */ + + if ( option.selected = + jQuery.inArray( jQuery.valHooks.option.get( option ), values ) > -1 + ) { + optionSet = true; + } + + /* eslint-enable no-cond-assign */ + } + + // Force browsers to behave consistently when non-matching value is set + if ( !optionSet ) { + elem.selectedIndex = -1; + } + return values; + } + } + } +} ); + +// Radios and checkboxes getter/setter +jQuery.each( [ "radio", "checkbox" ], function() { + jQuery.valHooks[ this ] = { + set: function( elem, value ) { + if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) { + return ( elem.checked = jQuery.inArray( jQuery( elem ).val(), value ) > -1 ); + } + } + }; + if ( !support.checkOn ) { + jQuery.valHooks[ this ].get = function( elem ) { + return elem.getAttribute( "value" ) === null ? "on" : elem.value; + }; + } +} ); + + + + +// Return jQuery for attributes-only inclusion + + +support.focusin = "onfocusin" in window; + + +var rfocusMorph = /^(?:focusinfocus|focusoutblur)$/, + stopPropagationCallback = function( e ) { + e.stopPropagation(); + }; + +jQuery.extend( jQuery.event, { + + trigger: function( event, data, elem, onlyHandlers ) { + + var i, cur, tmp, bubbleType, ontype, handle, special, lastElement, + eventPath = [ elem || document ], + type = hasOwn.call( event, "type" ) ? event.type : event, + namespaces = hasOwn.call( event, "namespace" ) ? event.namespace.split( "." ) : []; + + cur = lastElement = tmp = elem = elem || document; + + // Don't do events on text and comment nodes + if ( elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 8 ) { + return; + } + + // focus/blur morphs to focusin/out; ensure we're not firing them right now + if ( rfocusMorph.test( type + jQuery.event.triggered ) ) { + return; + } + + if ( type.indexOf( "." ) > -1 ) { + + // Namespaced trigger; create a regexp to match event type in handle() + namespaces = type.split( "." ); + type = namespaces.shift(); + namespaces.sort(); + } + ontype = type.indexOf( ":" ) < 0 && "on" + type; + + // Caller can pass in a jQuery.Event object, Object, or just an event type string + event = event[ jQuery.expando ] ? + event : + new jQuery.Event( type, typeof event === "object" && event ); + + // Trigger bitmask: & 1 for native handlers; & 2 for jQuery (always true) + event.isTrigger = onlyHandlers ? 2 : 3; + event.namespace = namespaces.join( "." ); + event.rnamespace = event.namespace ? + new RegExp( "(^|\\.)" + namespaces.join( "\\.(?:.*\\.|)" ) + "(\\.|$)" ) : + null; + + // Clean up the event in case it is being reused + event.result = undefined; + if ( !event.target ) { + event.target = elem; + } + + // Clone any incoming data and prepend the event, creating the handler arg list + data = data == null ? + [ event ] : + jQuery.makeArray( data, [ event ] ); + + // Allow special events to draw outside the lines + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + if ( !onlyHandlers && special.trigger && special.trigger.apply( elem, data ) === false ) { + return; + } + + // Determine event propagation path in advance, per W3C events spec (#9951) + // Bubble up to document, then to window; watch for a global ownerDocument var (#9724) + if ( !onlyHandlers && !special.noBubble && !isWindow( elem ) ) { + + bubbleType = special.delegateType || type; + if ( !rfocusMorph.test( bubbleType + type ) ) { + cur = cur.parentNode; + } + for ( ; cur; cur = cur.parentNode ) { + eventPath.push( cur ); + tmp = cur; + } + + // Only add window if we got to document (e.g., not plain obj or detached DOM) + if ( tmp === ( elem.ownerDocument || document ) ) { + eventPath.push( tmp.defaultView || tmp.parentWindow || window ); + } + } + + // Fire handlers on the event path + i = 0; + while ( ( cur = eventPath[ i++ ] ) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + lastElement = cur; + event.type = i > 1 ? + bubbleType : + special.bindType || type; + + // jQuery handler + handle = ( dataPriv.get( cur, "events" ) || Object.create( null ) )[ event.type ] && + dataPriv.get( cur, "handle" ); + if ( handle ) { + handle.apply( cur, data ); + } + + // Native handler + handle = ontype && cur[ ontype ]; + if ( handle && handle.apply && acceptData( cur ) ) { + event.result = handle.apply( cur, data ); + if ( event.result === false ) { + event.preventDefault(); + } + } + } + event.type = type; + + // If nobody prevented the default action, do it now + if ( !onlyHandlers && !event.isDefaultPrevented() ) { + + if ( ( !special._default || + special._default.apply( eventPath.pop(), data ) === false ) && + acceptData( elem ) ) { + + // Call a native DOM method on the target with the same name as the event. + // Don't do default actions on window, that's where global variables be (#6170) + if ( ontype && isFunction( elem[ type ] ) && !isWindow( elem ) ) { + + // Don't re-trigger an onFOO event when we call its FOO() method + tmp = elem[ ontype ]; + + if ( tmp ) { + elem[ ontype ] = null; + } + + // Prevent re-triggering of the same event, since we already bubbled it above + jQuery.event.triggered = type; + + if ( event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + lastElement.addEventListener( type, stopPropagationCallback ); + } + + elem[ type ](); + + if ( event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + lastElement.removeEventListener( type, stopPropagationCallback ); + } + + jQuery.event.triggered = undefined; + + if ( tmp ) { + elem[ ontype ] = tmp; + } + } + } + } + + return event.result; + }, + + // Piggyback on a donor event to simulate a different one + // Used only for `focus(in | out)` events + simulate: function( type, elem, event ) { + var e = jQuery.extend( + new jQuery.Event(), + event, + { + type: type, + isSimulated: true + } + ); + + jQuery.event.trigger( e, null, elem ); + } + +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + + trigger: function( type, data ) { + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.event.trigger( type, data, this ); + } ); + }, + triggerHandler: function( type, data ) { + var elem = this[ 0 ]; + if ( elem ) { + return jQuery.event.trigger( type, data, elem, true ); + } + } +} ); + + +// Support: Firefox <=44 +// Firefox doesn't have focus(in | out) events +// Related ticket - https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=687787 +// +// Support: Chrome <=48 - 49, Safari <=9.0 - 9.1 +// focus(in | out) events fire after focus & blur events, +// which is spec violation - http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Events/#events-focusevent-event-order +// Related ticket - https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=449857 +if ( !support.focusin ) { + jQuery.each( { focus: "focusin", blur: "focusout" }, function( orig, fix ) { + + // Attach a single capturing handler on the document while someone wants focusin/focusout + var handler = function( event ) { + jQuery.event.simulate( fix, event.target, jQuery.event.fix( event ) ); + }; + + jQuery.event.special[ fix ] = { + setup: function() { + + // Handle: regular nodes (via `this.ownerDocument`), window + // (via `this.document`) & document (via `this`). + var doc = this.ownerDocument || this.document || this, + attaches = dataPriv.access( doc, fix ); + + if ( !attaches ) { + doc.addEventListener( orig, handler, true ); + } + dataPriv.access( doc, fix, ( attaches || 0 ) + 1 ); + }, + teardown: function() { + var doc = this.ownerDocument || this.document || this, + attaches = dataPriv.access( doc, fix ) - 1; + + if ( !attaches ) { + doc.removeEventListener( orig, handler, true ); + dataPriv.remove( doc, fix ); + + } else { + dataPriv.access( doc, fix, attaches ); + } + } + }; + } ); +} +var location = window.location; + +var nonce = { guid: Date.now() }; + +var rquery = ( /\?/ ); + + + +// Cross-browser xml parsing +jQuery.parseXML = function( data ) { + var xml, parserErrorElem; + if ( !data || typeof data !== "string" ) { + return null; + } + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only + // IE throws on parseFromString with invalid input. + try { + xml = ( new window.DOMParser() ).parseFromString( data, "text/xml" ); + } catch ( e ) {} + + parserErrorElem = xml && xml.getElementsByTagName( "parsererror" )[ 0 ]; + if ( !xml || parserErrorElem ) { + jQuery.error( "Invalid XML: " + ( + parserErrorElem ? + jQuery.map( parserErrorElem.childNodes, function( el ) { + return el.textContent; + } ).join( "\n" ) : + data + ) ); + } + return xml; +}; + + +var + rbracket = /\[\]$/, + rCRLF = /\r?\n/g, + rsubmitterTypes = /^(?:submit|button|image|reset|file)$/i, + rsubmittable = /^(?:input|select|textarea|keygen)/i; + +function buildParams( prefix, obj, traditional, add ) { + var name; + + if ( Array.isArray( obj ) ) { + + // Serialize array item. + jQuery.each( obj, function( i, v ) { + if ( traditional || rbracket.test( prefix ) ) { + + // Treat each array item as a scalar. + add( prefix, v ); + + } else { + + // Item is non-scalar (array or object), encode its numeric index. + buildParams( + prefix + "[" + ( typeof v === "object" && v != null ? i : "" ) + "]", + v, + traditional, + add + ); + } + } ); + + } else if ( !traditional && toType( obj ) === "object" ) { + + // Serialize object item. + for ( name in obj ) { + buildParams( prefix + "[" + name + "]", obj[ name ], traditional, add ); + } + + } else { + + // Serialize scalar item. + add( prefix, obj ); + } +} + +// Serialize an array of form elements or a set of +// key/values into a query string +jQuery.param = function( a, traditional ) { + var prefix, + s = [], + add = function( key, valueOrFunction ) { + + // If value is a function, invoke it and use its return value + var value = isFunction( valueOrFunction ) ? + valueOrFunction() : + valueOrFunction; + + s[ s.length ] = encodeURIComponent( key ) + "=" + + encodeURIComponent( value == null ? "" : value ); + }; + + if ( a == null ) { + return ""; + } + + // If an array was passed in, assume that it is an array of form elements. + if ( Array.isArray( a ) || ( a.jquery && !jQuery.isPlainObject( a ) ) ) { + + // Serialize the form elements + jQuery.each( a, function() { + add( this.name, this.value ); + } ); + + } else { + + // If traditional, encode the "old" way (the way 1.3.2 or older + // did it), otherwise encode params recursively. + for ( prefix in a ) { + buildParams( prefix, a[ prefix ], traditional, add ); + } + } + + // Return the resulting serialization + return s.join( "&" ); +}; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + serialize: function() { + return jQuery.param( this.serializeArray() ); + }, + serializeArray: function() { + return this.map( function() { + + // Can add propHook for "elements" to filter or add form elements + var elements = jQuery.prop( this, "elements" ); + return elements ? jQuery.makeArray( elements ) : this; + } ).filter( function() { + var type = this.type; + + // Use .is( ":disabled" ) so that fieldset[disabled] works + return this.name && !jQuery( this ).is( ":disabled" ) && + rsubmittable.test( this.nodeName ) && !rsubmitterTypes.test( type ) && + ( this.checked || !rcheckableType.test( type ) ); + } ).map( function( _i, elem ) { + var val = jQuery( this ).val(); + + if ( val == null ) { + return null; + } + + if ( Array.isArray( val ) ) { + return jQuery.map( val, function( val ) { + return { name: elem.name, value: val.replace( rCRLF, "\r\n" ) }; + } ); + } + + return { name: elem.name, value: val.replace( rCRLF, "\r\n" ) }; + } ).get(); + } +} ); + + +var + r20 = /%20/g, + rhash = /#.*$/, + rantiCache = /([?&])_=[^&]*/, + rheaders = /^(.*?):[ \t]*([^\r\n]*)$/mg, + + // #7653, #8125, #8152: local protocol detection + rlocalProtocol = /^(?:about|app|app-storage|.+-extension|file|res|widget):$/, + rnoContent = /^(?:GET|HEAD)$/, + rprotocol = /^\/\//, + + /* Prefilters + * 1) They are useful to introduce custom dataTypes (see ajax/jsonp.js for an example) + * 2) These are called: + * - BEFORE asking for a transport + * - AFTER param serialization (s.data is a string if s.processData is true) + * 3) key is the dataType + * 4) the catchall symbol "*" can be used + * 5) execution will start with transport dataType and THEN continue down to "*" if needed + */ + prefilters = {}, + + /* Transports bindings + * 1) key is the dataType + * 2) the catchall symbol "*" can be used + * 3) selection will start with transport dataType and THEN go to "*" if needed + */ + transports = {}, + + // Avoid comment-prolog char sequence (#10098); must appease lint and evade compression + allTypes = "*/".concat( "*" ), + + // Anchor tag for parsing the document origin + originAnchor = document.createElement( "a" ); + +originAnchor.href = location.href; + +// Base "constructor" for jQuery.ajaxPrefilter and jQuery.ajaxTransport +function addToPrefiltersOrTransports( structure ) { + + // dataTypeExpression is optional and defaults to "*" + return function( dataTypeExpression, func ) { + + if ( typeof dataTypeExpression !== "string" ) { + func = dataTypeExpression; + dataTypeExpression = "*"; + } + + var dataType, + i = 0, + dataTypes = dataTypeExpression.toLowerCase().match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + + if ( isFunction( func ) ) { + + // For each dataType in the dataTypeExpression + while ( ( dataType = dataTypes[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Prepend if requested + if ( dataType[ 0 ] === "+" ) { + dataType = dataType.slice( 1 ) || "*"; + ( structure[ dataType ] = structure[ dataType ] || [] ).unshift( func ); + + // Otherwise append + } else { + ( structure[ dataType ] = structure[ dataType ] || [] ).push( func ); + } + } + } + }; +} + +// Base inspection function for prefilters and transports +function inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( structure, options, originalOptions, jqXHR ) { + + var inspected = {}, + seekingTransport = ( structure === transports ); + + function inspect( dataType ) { + var selected; + inspected[ dataType ] = true; + jQuery.each( structure[ dataType ] || [], function( _, prefilterOrFactory ) { + var dataTypeOrTransport = prefilterOrFactory( options, originalOptions, jqXHR ); + if ( typeof dataTypeOrTransport === "string" && + !seekingTransport && !inspected[ dataTypeOrTransport ] ) { + + options.dataTypes.unshift( dataTypeOrTransport ); + inspect( dataTypeOrTransport ); + return false; + } else if ( seekingTransport ) { + return !( selected = dataTypeOrTransport ); + } + } ); + return selected; + } + + return inspect( options.dataTypes[ 0 ] ) || !inspected[ "*" ] && inspect( "*" ); +} + +// A special extend for ajax options +// that takes "flat" options (not to be deep extended) +// Fixes #9887 +function ajaxExtend( target, src ) { + var key, deep, + flatOptions = jQuery.ajaxSettings.flatOptions || {}; + + for ( key in src ) { + if ( src[ key ] !== undefined ) { + ( flatOptions[ key ] ? target : ( deep || ( deep = {} ) ) )[ key ] = src[ key ]; + } + } + if ( deep ) { + jQuery.extend( true, target, deep ); + } + + return target; +} + +/* Handles responses to an ajax request: + * - finds the right dataType (mediates between content-type and expected dataType) + * - returns the corresponding response + */ +function ajaxHandleResponses( s, jqXHR, responses ) { + + var ct, type, finalDataType, firstDataType, + contents = s.contents, + dataTypes = s.dataTypes; + + // Remove auto dataType and get content-type in the process + while ( dataTypes[ 0 ] === "*" ) { + dataTypes.shift(); + if ( ct === undefined ) { + ct = s.mimeType || jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "Content-Type" ); + } + } + + // Check if we're dealing with a known content-type + if ( ct ) { + for ( type in contents ) { + if ( contents[ type ] && contents[ type ].test( ct ) ) { + dataTypes.unshift( type ); + break; + } + } + } + + // Check to see if we have a response for the expected dataType + if ( dataTypes[ 0 ] in responses ) { + finalDataType = dataTypes[ 0 ]; + } else { + + // Try convertible dataTypes + for ( type in responses ) { + if ( !dataTypes[ 0 ] || s.converters[ type + " " + dataTypes[ 0 ] ] ) { + finalDataType = type; + break; + } + if ( !firstDataType ) { + firstDataType = type; + } + } + + // Or just use first one + finalDataType = finalDataType || firstDataType; + } + + // If we found a dataType + // We add the dataType to the list if needed + // and return the corresponding response + if ( finalDataType ) { + if ( finalDataType !== dataTypes[ 0 ] ) { + dataTypes.unshift( finalDataType ); + } + return responses[ finalDataType ]; + } +} + +/* Chain conversions given the request and the original response + * Also sets the responseXXX fields on the jqXHR instance + */ +function ajaxConvert( s, response, jqXHR, isSuccess ) { + var conv2, current, conv, tmp, prev, + converters = {}, + + // Work with a copy of dataTypes in case we need to modify it for conversion + dataTypes = s.dataTypes.slice(); + + // Create converters map with lowercased keys + if ( dataTypes[ 1 ] ) { + for ( conv in s.converters ) { + converters[ conv.toLowerCase() ] = s.converters[ conv ]; + } + } + + current = dataTypes.shift(); + + // Convert to each sequential dataType + while ( current ) { + + if ( s.responseFields[ current ] ) { + jqXHR[ s.responseFields[ current ] ] = response; + } + + // Apply the dataFilter if provided + if ( !prev && isSuccess && s.dataFilter ) { + response = s.dataFilter( response, s.dataType ); + } + + prev = current; + current = dataTypes.shift(); + + if ( current ) { + + // There's only work to do if current dataType is non-auto + if ( current === "*" ) { + + current = prev; + + // Convert response if prev dataType is non-auto and differs from current + } else if ( prev !== "*" && prev !== current ) { + + // Seek a direct converter + conv = converters[ prev + " " + current ] || converters[ "* " + current ]; + + // If none found, seek a pair + if ( !conv ) { + for ( conv2 in converters ) { + + // If conv2 outputs current + tmp = conv2.split( " " ); + if ( tmp[ 1 ] === current ) { + + // If prev can be converted to accepted input + conv = converters[ prev + " " + tmp[ 0 ] ] || + converters[ "* " + tmp[ 0 ] ]; + if ( conv ) { + + // Condense equivalence converters + if ( conv === true ) { + conv = converters[ conv2 ]; + + // Otherwise, insert the intermediate dataType + } else if ( converters[ conv2 ] !== true ) { + current = tmp[ 0 ]; + dataTypes.unshift( tmp[ 1 ] ); + } + break; + } + } + } + } + + // Apply converter (if not an equivalence) + if ( conv !== true ) { + + // Unless errors are allowed to bubble, catch and return them + if ( conv && s.throws ) { + response = conv( response ); + } else { + try { + response = conv( response ); + } catch ( e ) { + return { + state: "parsererror", + error: conv ? e : "No conversion from " + prev + " to " + current + }; + } + } + } + } + } + } + + return { state: "success", data: response }; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Counter for holding the number of active queries + active: 0, + + // Last-Modified header cache for next request + lastModified: {}, + etag: {}, + + ajaxSettings: { + url: location.href, + type: "GET", + isLocal: rlocalProtocol.test( location.protocol ), + global: true, + processData: true, + async: true, + contentType: "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8", + + /* + timeout: 0, + data: null, + dataType: null, + username: null, + password: null, + cache: null, + throws: false, + traditional: false, + headers: {}, + */ + + accepts: { + "*": allTypes, + text: "text/plain", + html: "text/html", + xml: "application/xml, text/xml", + json: "application/json, text/javascript" + }, + + contents: { + xml: /\bxml\b/, + html: /\bhtml/, + json: /\bjson\b/ + }, + + responseFields: { + xml: "responseXML", + text: "responseText", + json: "responseJSON" + }, + + // Data converters + // Keys separate source (or catchall "*") and destination types with a single space + converters: { + + // Convert anything to text + "* text": String, + + // Text to html (true = no transformation) + "text html": true, + + // Evaluate text as a json expression + "text json": JSON.parse, + + // Parse text as xml + "text xml": jQuery.parseXML + }, + + // For options that shouldn't be deep extended: + // you can add your own custom options here if + // and when you create one that shouldn't be + // deep extended (see ajaxExtend) + flatOptions: { + url: true, + context: true + } + }, + + // Creates a full fledged settings object into target + // with both ajaxSettings and settings fields. + // If target is omitted, writes into ajaxSettings. + ajaxSetup: function( target, settings ) { + return settings ? + + // Building a settings object + ajaxExtend( ajaxExtend( target, jQuery.ajaxSettings ), settings ) : + + // Extending ajaxSettings + ajaxExtend( jQuery.ajaxSettings, target ); + }, + + ajaxPrefilter: addToPrefiltersOrTransports( prefilters ), + ajaxTransport: addToPrefiltersOrTransports( transports ), + + // Main method + ajax: function( url, options ) { + + // If url is an object, simulate pre-1.5 signature + if ( typeof url === "object" ) { + options = url; + url = undefined; + } + + // Force options to be an object + options = options || {}; + + var transport, + + // URL without anti-cache param + cacheURL, + + // Response headers + responseHeadersString, + responseHeaders, + + // timeout handle + timeoutTimer, + + // Url cleanup var + urlAnchor, + + // Request state (becomes false upon send and true upon completion) + completed, + + // To know if global events are to be dispatched + fireGlobals, + + // Loop variable + i, + + // uncached part of the url + uncached, + + // Create the final options object + s = jQuery.ajaxSetup( {}, options ), + + // Callbacks context + callbackContext = s.context || s, + + // Context for global events is callbackContext if it is a DOM node or jQuery collection + globalEventContext = s.context && + ( callbackContext.nodeType || callbackContext.jquery ) ? + jQuery( callbackContext ) : + jQuery.event, + + // Deferreds + deferred = jQuery.Deferred(), + completeDeferred = jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), + + // Status-dependent callbacks + statusCode = s.statusCode || {}, + + // Headers (they are sent all at once) + requestHeaders = {}, + requestHeadersNames = {}, + + // Default abort message + strAbort = "canceled", + + // Fake xhr + jqXHR = { + readyState: 0, + + // Builds headers hashtable if needed + getResponseHeader: function( key ) { + var match; + if ( completed ) { + if ( !responseHeaders ) { + responseHeaders = {}; + while ( ( match = rheaders.exec( responseHeadersString ) ) ) { + responseHeaders[ match[ 1 ].toLowerCase() + " " ] = + ( responseHeaders[ match[ 1 ].toLowerCase() + " " ] || [] ) + .concat( match[ 2 ] ); + } + } + match = responseHeaders[ key.toLowerCase() + " " ]; + } + return match == null ? null : match.join( ", " ); + }, + + // Raw string + getAllResponseHeaders: function() { + return completed ? responseHeadersString : null; + }, + + // Caches the header + setRequestHeader: function( name, value ) { + if ( completed == null ) { + name = requestHeadersNames[ name.toLowerCase() ] = + requestHeadersNames[ name.toLowerCase() ] || name; + requestHeaders[ name ] = value; + } + return this; + }, + + // Overrides response content-type header + overrideMimeType: function( type ) { + if ( completed == null ) { + s.mimeType = type; + } + return this; + }, + + // Status-dependent callbacks + statusCode: function( map ) { + var code; + if ( map ) { + if ( completed ) { + + // Execute the appropriate callbacks + jqXHR.always( map[ jqXHR.status ] ); + } else { + + // Lazy-add the new callbacks in a way that preserves old ones + for ( code in map ) { + statusCode[ code ] = [ statusCode[ code ], map[ code ] ]; + } + } + } + return this; + }, + + // Cancel the request + abort: function( statusText ) { + var finalText = statusText || strAbort; + if ( transport ) { + transport.abort( finalText ); + } + done( 0, finalText ); + return this; + } + }; + + // Attach deferreds + deferred.promise( jqXHR ); + + // Add protocol if not provided (prefilters might expect it) + // Handle falsy url in the settings object (#10093: consistency with old signature) + // We also use the url parameter if available + s.url = ( ( url || s.url || location.href ) + "" ) + .replace( rprotocol, location.protocol + "//" ); + + // Alias method option to type as per ticket #12004 + s.type = options.method || options.type || s.method || s.type; + + // Extract dataTypes list + s.dataTypes = ( s.dataType || "*" ).toLowerCase().match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ]; + + // A cross-domain request is in order when the origin doesn't match the current origin. + if ( s.crossDomain == null ) { + urlAnchor = document.createElement( "a" ); + + // Support: IE <=8 - 11, Edge 12 - 15 + // IE throws exception on accessing the href property if url is malformed, + // e.g. http://example.com:80x/ + try { + urlAnchor.href = s.url; + + // Support: IE <=8 - 11 only + // Anchor's host property isn't correctly set when s.url is relative + urlAnchor.href = urlAnchor.href; + s.crossDomain = originAnchor.protocol + "//" + originAnchor.host !== + urlAnchor.protocol + "//" + urlAnchor.host; + } catch ( e ) { + + // If there is an error parsing the URL, assume it is crossDomain, + // it can be rejected by the transport if it is invalid + s.crossDomain = true; + } + } + + // Convert data if not already a string + if ( s.data && s.processData && typeof s.data !== "string" ) { + s.data = jQuery.param( s.data, s.traditional ); + } + + // Apply prefilters + inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( prefilters, s, options, jqXHR ); + + // If request was aborted inside a prefilter, stop there + if ( completed ) { + return jqXHR; + } + + // We can fire global events as of now if asked to + // Don't fire events if jQuery.event is undefined in an AMD-usage scenario (#15118) + fireGlobals = jQuery.event && s.global; + + // Watch for a new set of requests + if ( fireGlobals && jQuery.active++ === 0 ) { + jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxStart" ); + } + + // Uppercase the type + s.type = s.type.toUpperCase(); + + // Determine if request has content + s.hasContent = !rnoContent.test( s.type ); + + // Save the URL in case we're toying with the If-Modified-Since + // and/or If-None-Match header later on + // Remove hash to simplify url manipulation + cacheURL = s.url.replace( rhash, "" ); + + // More options handling for requests with no content + if ( !s.hasContent ) { + + // Remember the hash so we can put it back + uncached = s.url.slice( cacheURL.length ); + + // If data is available and should be processed, append data to url + if ( s.data && ( s.processData || typeof s.data === "string" ) ) { + cacheURL += ( rquery.test( cacheURL ) ? "&" : "?" ) + s.data; + + // #9682: remove data so that it's not used in an eventual retry + delete s.data; + } + + // Add or update anti-cache param if needed + if ( s.cache === false ) { + cacheURL = cacheURL.replace( rantiCache, "$1" ); + uncached = ( rquery.test( cacheURL ) ? "&" : "?" ) + "_=" + ( nonce.guid++ ) + + uncached; + } + + // Put hash and anti-cache on the URL that will be requested (gh-1732) + s.url = cacheURL + uncached; + + // Change '%20' to '+' if this is encoded form body content (gh-2658) + } else if ( s.data && s.processData && + ( s.contentType || "" ).indexOf( "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" ) === 0 ) { + s.data = s.data.replace( r20, "+" ); + } + + // Set the If-Modified-Since and/or If-None-Match header, if in ifModified mode. + if ( s.ifModified ) { + if ( jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "If-Modified-Since", jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] ); + } + if ( jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "If-None-Match", jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] ); + } + } + + // Set the correct header, if data is being sent + if ( s.data && s.hasContent && s.contentType !== false || options.contentType ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "Content-Type", s.contentType ); + } + + // Set the Accepts header for the server, depending on the dataType + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( + "Accept", + s.dataTypes[ 0 ] && s.accepts[ s.dataTypes[ 0 ] ] ? + s.accepts[ s.dataTypes[ 0 ] ] + + ( s.dataTypes[ 0 ] !== "*" ? ", " + allTypes + "; q=0.01" : "" ) : + s.accepts[ "*" ] + ); + + // Check for headers option + for ( i in s.headers ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( i, s.headers[ i ] ); + } + + // Allow custom headers/mimetypes and early abort + if ( s.beforeSend && + ( s.beforeSend.call( callbackContext, jqXHR, s ) === false || completed ) ) { + + // Abort if not done already and return + return jqXHR.abort(); + } + + // Aborting is no longer a cancellation + strAbort = "abort"; + + // Install callbacks on deferreds + completeDeferred.add( s.complete ); + jqXHR.done( s.success ); + jqXHR.fail( s.error ); + + // Get transport + transport = inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( transports, s, options, jqXHR ); + + // If no transport, we auto-abort + if ( !transport ) { + done( -1, "No Transport" ); + } else { + jqXHR.readyState = 1; + + // Send global event + if ( fireGlobals ) { + globalEventContext.trigger( "ajaxSend", [ jqXHR, s ] ); + } + + // If request was aborted inside ajaxSend, stop there + if ( completed ) { + return jqXHR; + } + + // Timeout + if ( s.async && s.timeout > 0 ) { + timeoutTimer = window.setTimeout( function() { + jqXHR.abort( "timeout" ); + }, s.timeout ); + } + + try { + completed = false; + transport.send( requestHeaders, done ); + } catch ( e ) { + + // Rethrow post-completion exceptions + if ( completed ) { + throw e; + } + + // Propagate others as results + done( -1, e ); + } + } + + // Callback for when everything is done + function done( status, nativeStatusText, responses, headers ) { + var isSuccess, success, error, response, modified, + statusText = nativeStatusText; + + // Ignore repeat invocations + if ( completed ) { + return; + } + + completed = true; + + // Clear timeout if it exists + if ( timeoutTimer ) { + window.clearTimeout( timeoutTimer ); + } + + // Dereference transport for early garbage collection + // (no matter how long the jqXHR object will be used) + transport = undefined; + + // Cache response headers + responseHeadersString = headers || ""; + + // Set readyState + jqXHR.readyState = status > 0 ? 4 : 0; + + // Determine if successful + isSuccess = status >= 200 && status < 300 || status === 304; + + // Get response data + if ( responses ) { + response = ajaxHandleResponses( s, jqXHR, responses ); + } + + // Use a noop converter for missing script but not if jsonp + if ( !isSuccess && + jQuery.inArray( "script", s.dataTypes ) > -1 && + jQuery.inArray( "json", s.dataTypes ) < 0 ) { + s.converters[ "text script" ] = function() {}; + } + + // Convert no matter what (that way responseXXX fields are always set) + response = ajaxConvert( s, response, jqXHR, isSuccess ); + + // If successful, handle type chaining + if ( isSuccess ) { + + // Set the If-Modified-Since and/or If-None-Match header, if in ifModified mode. + if ( s.ifModified ) { + modified = jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "Last-Modified" ); + if ( modified ) { + jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] = modified; + } + modified = jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "etag" ); + if ( modified ) { + jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] = modified; + } + } + + // if no content + if ( status === 204 || s.type === "HEAD" ) { + statusText = "nocontent"; + + // if not modified + } else if ( status === 304 ) { + statusText = "notmodified"; + + // If we have data, let's convert it + } else { + statusText = response.state; + success = response.data; + error = response.error; + isSuccess = !error; + } + } else { + + // Extract error from statusText and normalize for non-aborts + error = statusText; + if ( status || !statusText ) { + statusText = "error"; + if ( status < 0 ) { + status = 0; + } + } + } + + // Set data for the fake xhr object + jqXHR.status = status; + jqXHR.statusText = ( nativeStatusText || statusText ) + ""; + + // Success/Error + if ( isSuccess ) { + deferred.resolveWith( callbackContext, [ success, statusText, jqXHR ] ); + } else { + deferred.rejectWith( callbackContext, [ jqXHR, statusText, error ] ); + } + + // Status-dependent callbacks + jqXHR.statusCode( statusCode ); + statusCode = undefined; + + if ( fireGlobals ) { + globalEventContext.trigger( isSuccess ? "ajaxSuccess" : "ajaxError", + [ jqXHR, s, isSuccess ? success : error ] ); + } + + // Complete + completeDeferred.fireWith( callbackContext, [ jqXHR, statusText ] ); + + if ( fireGlobals ) { + globalEventContext.trigger( "ajaxComplete", [ jqXHR, s ] ); + + // Handle the global AJAX counter + if ( !( --jQuery.active ) ) { + jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxStop" ); + } + } + } + + return jqXHR; + }, + + getJSON: function( url, data, callback ) { + return jQuery.get( url, data, callback, "json" ); + }, + + getScript: function( url, callback ) { + return jQuery.get( url, undefined, callback, "script" ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( [ "get", "post" ], function( _i, method ) { + jQuery[ method ] = function( url, data, callback, type ) { + + // Shift arguments if data argument was omitted + if ( isFunction( data ) ) { + type = type || callback; + callback = data; + data = undefined; + } + + // The url can be an options object (which then must have .url) + return jQuery.ajax( jQuery.extend( { + url: url, + type: method, + dataType: type, + data: data, + success: callback + }, jQuery.isPlainObject( url ) && url ) ); + }; +} ); + +jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( function( s ) { + var i; + for ( i in s.headers ) { + if ( i.toLowerCase() === "content-type" ) { + s.contentType = s.headers[ i ] || ""; + } + } +} ); + + +jQuery._evalUrl = function( url, options, doc ) { + return jQuery.ajax( { + url: url, + + // Make this explicit, since user can override this through ajaxSetup (#11264) + type: "GET", + dataType: "script", + cache: true, + async: false, + global: false, + + // Only evaluate the response if it is successful (gh-4126) + // dataFilter is not invoked for failure responses, so using it instead + // of the default converter is kludgy but it works. + converters: { + "text script": function() {} + }, + dataFilter: function( response ) { + jQuery.globalEval( response, options, doc ); + } + } ); +}; + + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + wrapAll: function( html ) { + var wrap; + + if ( this[ 0 ] ) { + if ( isFunction( html ) ) { + html = html.call( this[ 0 ] ); + } + + // The elements to wrap the target around + wrap = jQuery( html, this[ 0 ].ownerDocument ).eq( 0 ).clone( true ); + + if ( this[ 0 ].parentNode ) { + wrap.insertBefore( this[ 0 ] ); + } + + wrap.map( function() { + var elem = this; + + while ( elem.firstElementChild ) { + elem = elem.firstElementChild; + } + + return elem; + } ).append( this ); + } + + return this; + }, + + wrapInner: function( html ) { + if ( isFunction( html ) ) { + return this.each( function( i ) { + jQuery( this ).wrapInner( html.call( this, i ) ); + } ); + } + + return this.each( function() { + var self = jQuery( this ), + contents = self.contents(); + + if ( contents.length ) { + contents.wrapAll( html ); + + } else { + self.append( html ); + } + } ); + }, + + wrap: function( html ) { + var htmlIsFunction = isFunction( html ); + + return this.each( function( i ) { + jQuery( this ).wrapAll( htmlIsFunction ? html.call( this, i ) : html ); + } ); + }, + + unwrap: function( selector ) { + this.parent( selector ).not( "body" ).each( function() { + jQuery( this ).replaceWith( this.childNodes ); + } ); + return this; + } +} ); + + +jQuery.expr.pseudos.hidden = function( elem ) { + return !jQuery.expr.pseudos.visible( elem ); +}; +jQuery.expr.pseudos.visible = function( elem ) { + return !!( elem.offsetWidth || elem.offsetHeight || elem.getClientRects().length ); +}; + + + + +jQuery.ajaxSettings.xhr = function() { + try { + return new window.XMLHttpRequest(); + } catch ( e ) {} +}; + +var xhrSuccessStatus = { + + // File protocol always yields status code 0, assume 200 + 0: 200, + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // #1450: sometimes IE returns 1223 when it should be 204 + 1223: 204 + }, + xhrSupported = jQuery.ajaxSettings.xhr(); + +support.cors = !!xhrSupported && ( "withCredentials" in xhrSupported ); +support.ajax = xhrSupported = !!xhrSupported; + +jQuery.ajaxTransport( function( options ) { + var callback, errorCallback; + + // Cross domain only allowed if supported through XMLHttpRequest + if ( support.cors || xhrSupported && !options.crossDomain ) { + return { + send: function( headers, complete ) { + var i, + xhr = options.xhr(); + + xhr.open( + options.type, + options.url, + options.async, + options.username, + options.password + ); + + // Apply custom fields if provided + if ( options.xhrFields ) { + for ( i in options.xhrFields ) { + xhr[ i ] = options.xhrFields[ i ]; + } + } + + // Override mime type if needed + if ( options.mimeType && xhr.overrideMimeType ) { + xhr.overrideMimeType( options.mimeType ); + } + + // X-Requested-With header + // For cross-domain requests, seeing as conditions for a preflight are + // akin to a jigsaw puzzle, we simply never set it to be sure. + // (it can always be set on a per-request basis or even using ajaxSetup) + // For same-domain requests, won't change header if already provided. + if ( !options.crossDomain && !headers[ "X-Requested-With" ] ) { + headers[ "X-Requested-With" ] = "XMLHttpRequest"; + } + + // Set headers + for ( i in headers ) { + xhr.setRequestHeader( i, headers[ i ] ); + } + + // Callback + callback = function( type ) { + return function() { + if ( callback ) { + callback = errorCallback = xhr.onload = + xhr.onerror = xhr.onabort = xhr.ontimeout = + xhr.onreadystatechange = null; + + if ( type === "abort" ) { + xhr.abort(); + } else if ( type === "error" ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // On a manual native abort, IE9 throws + // errors on any property access that is not readyState + if ( typeof xhr.status !== "number" ) { + complete( 0, "error" ); + } else { + complete( + + // File: protocol always yields status 0; see #8605, #14207 + xhr.status, + xhr.statusText + ); + } + } else { + complete( + xhrSuccessStatus[ xhr.status ] || xhr.status, + xhr.statusText, + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // IE9 has no XHR2 but throws on binary (trac-11426) + // For XHR2 non-text, let the caller handle it (gh-2498) + ( xhr.responseType || "text" ) !== "text" || + typeof xhr.responseText !== "string" ? + { binary: xhr.response } : + { text: xhr.responseText }, + xhr.getAllResponseHeaders() + ); + } + } + }; + }; + + // Listen to events + xhr.onload = callback(); + errorCallback = xhr.onerror = xhr.ontimeout = callback( "error" ); + + // Support: IE 9 only + // Use onreadystatechange to replace onabort + // to handle uncaught aborts + if ( xhr.onabort !== undefined ) { + xhr.onabort = errorCallback; + } else { + xhr.onreadystatechange = function() { + + // Check readyState before timeout as it changes + if ( xhr.readyState === 4 ) { + + // Allow onerror to be called first, + // but that will not handle a native abort + // Also, save errorCallback to a variable + // as xhr.onerror cannot be accessed + window.setTimeout( function() { + if ( callback ) { + errorCallback(); + } + } ); + } + }; + } + + // Create the abort callback + callback = callback( "abort" ); + + try { + + // Do send the request (this may raise an exception) + xhr.send( options.hasContent && options.data || null ); + } catch ( e ) { + + // #14683: Only rethrow if this hasn't been notified as an error yet + if ( callback ) { + throw e; + } + } + }, + + abort: function() { + if ( callback ) { + callback(); + } + } + }; + } +} ); + + + + +// Prevent auto-execution of scripts when no explicit dataType was provided (See gh-2432) +jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( function( s ) { + if ( s.crossDomain ) { + s.contents.script = false; + } +} ); + +// Install script dataType +jQuery.ajaxSetup( { + accepts: { + script: "text/javascript, application/javascript, " + + "application/ecmascript, application/x-ecmascript" + }, + contents: { + script: /\b(?:java|ecma)script\b/ + }, + converters: { + "text script": function( text ) { + jQuery.globalEval( text ); + return text; + } + } +} ); + +// Handle cache's special case and crossDomain +jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( "script", function( s ) { + if ( s.cache === undefined ) { + s.cache = false; + } + if ( s.crossDomain ) { + s.type = "GET"; + } +} ); + +// Bind script tag hack transport +jQuery.ajaxTransport( "script", function( s ) { + + // This transport only deals with cross domain or forced-by-attrs requests + if ( s.crossDomain || s.scriptAttrs ) { + var script, callback; + return { + send: function( _, complete ) { + script = jQuery( " +
+ + +
+
+
+ +
+
+

+ + Docs Italia + + beta + + +

+

Documenti pubblici, digitali.

+
+
+
+
+ + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione + +
+
+ +
+ + Progetto: + + Progetto demo + +
+ + +
+ + Amministrazione: + + Organizzazione demo + +
+ +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+ + +
+
+ + + + Informazioni + + +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
    + +
+
+
+
+ + + +
+ + + Sorgente + +
+
+
+ +
+ + + Azioni + +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ +
+ + + + + +
+

3. Come contribuire

+

La sezione descrive il processo di contribuzione a cui i +soggetti individuati in Attori possono +prendere parte.

+
+

Indice dei contenuti

+ +
+
+ + + + + +
+ +
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git "a/docs/come-contribuire/attivit\303\240-propedeutiche-alla-contribuzione-al-catalogo.html" "b/docs/come-contribuire/attivit\303\240-propedeutiche-alla-contribuzione-al-catalogo.html" new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b5f5157 --- /dev/null +++ "b/docs/come-contribuire/attivit\303\240-propedeutiche-alla-contribuzione-al-catalogo.html" @@ -0,0 +1,1326 @@ + + + + + + + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione | 3.1. Attività propedeutiche alla contribuzione al Catalogo + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+
+
+ +
+
+

+ + Docs Italia + + beta + + +

+

Documenti pubblici, digitali.

+
+
+
+
+ + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione + +
+
+ +
+ + Progetto: + + Progetto demo + +
+ + +
+ + Amministrazione: + + Organizzazione demo + +
+ +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+ + +
+
+ + + + Informazioni + + +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
    + +
+
+
+
+ + + +
+ + + Sorgente + +
+
+
+ +
+ + + Azioni + +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/come-contribuire/contribuzione-continua-al-catalogo.html b/docs/come-contribuire/contribuzione-continua-al-catalogo.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eea31ea --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/come-contribuire/contribuzione-continua-al-catalogo.html @@ -0,0 +1,1175 @@ + + + + + + + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione | 3.3. Contribuzione continua al Catalogo + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+
+
+ +
+
+

+ + Docs Italia + + beta + + +

+

Documenti pubblici, digitali.

+
+
+
+
+ + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione + +
+
+ +
+ + Progetto: + + Progetto demo + +
+ + +
+ + Amministrazione: + + Organizzazione demo + +
+ +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+ + +
+
+ + + + Informazioni + + +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
    + +
+
+
+
+ + + +
+ + + Sorgente + +
+
+
+ +
+ + + Azioni + +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/come-contribuire/richiesta-formale-di-contribuzione.html b/docs/come-contribuire/richiesta-formale-di-contribuzione.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..39c82b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/come-contribuire/richiesta-formale-di-contribuzione.html @@ -0,0 +1,1168 @@ + + + + + + + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione | 3.2. Richiesta formale di contribuzione + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+
+
+ +
+
+

+ + Docs Italia + + beta + + +

+

Documenti pubblici, digitali.

+
+
+
+
+ + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione + +
+
+ +
+ + Progetto: + + Progetto demo + +
+ + +
+ + Amministrazione: + + Organizzazione demo + +
+ +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+ + +
+
+ + + + Informazioni + + +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
    + +
+
+
+
+ + + +
+ + + Sorgente + +
+
+
+ +
+ + + Azioni + +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ +
+ + + + + +
+

3.2. Richiesta formale di contribuzione

+

Una volta individuata la modalità di contribuzione più opportuna, e +portate a termine le relative attività descritte nelle precedenti +sezioni, contatta gli Amministratori del Catalogo per richiedere +formalmente di contribuire utilizzando la mail +servicedesk-schema@istat.it. Una volta avvenuto il contatto, verrà +organizzato un kick-off tra Amministratori e Contributore. È in corso di +implementazione, da parte degli Amministratori del Catalogo, una Pagina +Contatti che integrerà appositi wizard per fornire una procedura guidata +ed automatizzata di iscrizione ai Contributori.

+
+ + + + + +
+ +
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/come-utilizzare-le-risorse.html b/docs/come-utilizzare-le-risorse.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..287403b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/come-utilizzare-le-risorse.html @@ -0,0 +1,1197 @@ + + + + + + + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione | 4. Come utilizzare le risorse + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+
+
+ +
+
+

+ + Docs Italia + + beta + + +

+

Documenti pubblici, digitali.

+
+
+
+
+ + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione + +
+
+ +
+ + Progetto: + + Progetto demo + +
+ + +
+ + Amministrazione: + + Organizzazione demo + +
+ +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+ + +
+
+ + + + Informazioni + + +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
    + +
+
+
+
+ + + +
+ + + Sorgente + +
+
+
+ +
+ + + Azioni + +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ +
+ + + + + +
+

4. Come utilizzare le risorse

+

Schema.gov.it è il portale del Catalogo che abilita i Contributori, +oltreché qualsiasi cittadino, a ricercare, consultare e riusare gli +asset semantici (ontologie, schemi dati e vocabolari controllati).

+

In particolare, il portale del Catalogo offre funzionalità di ricerca e +strumenti integrati di visualizzazione e fruizione delle risorse allo +scopo di semplificare le attività di riuso delle stesse, ad es. +l’integrazione dei contenuti semantici all’interno degli e-service.

+

Il portale del Catalogo è pubblico, ovvero consultabile da chiunque, con +scopi anche diversi tra i vari fruitori. Di seguito alcuni esempi di +utente tipo del Catalogo:

+
    +

  • sviluppatore di e-service: può beneficiare del Catalogo +riutilizzando i concetti semantici al fine di sviluppare e-service che +siano interoperabili non solo sintatticamente, ma anche semanticamente;

    • +

  • ricercatore: può beneficiare del Catalogo riutilizzando ontologie, +vocabolari e schemi per i propri scopi di ricerca, riducendo i tempi di +realizzazione di eventuali sperimentazioni;

    • +

  • contributore del Catalogo: il beneficio è quello di poter +individuare eventuali ontologie, vocabolari o schemi strettamente +correlati, se non sovrapposti, ai contenuti semantici da pubblicare. In +questo modo, piuttosto che creare ex-novo risorse semantiche ridondanti +tra loro, è possibile estendere quelle esistenti, riducendo anche il +carico di lavoro annesso.

    • +
+

Le successive sotto-sezioni hanno lo scopo di descrivere le funzionalità di +ricerca e fruizione dei contenuti esposte dal portale del Catalogo.

+
+

Indice dei contenuti

+ +
+
+ + + + + +
+ +
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/come-utilizzare-le-risorse/ricerca-di-risorse-semantiche.html b/docs/come-utilizzare-le-risorse/ricerca-di-risorse-semantiche.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a1acc7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/come-utilizzare-le-risorse/ricerca-di-risorse-semantiche.html @@ -0,0 +1,1212 @@ + + + + + + + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione | 4.1. Ricerca di risorse semantiche + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+
+
+ +
+
+

+ + Docs Italia + + beta + + +

+

Documenti pubblici, digitali.

+
+
+
+
+ + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione + +
+
+ +
+ + Progetto: + + Progetto demo + +
+ + +
+ + Amministrazione: + + Organizzazione demo + +
+ +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+ + +
+
+ + + + Informazioni + + +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
    + +
+
+
+
+ + + +
+ + + Sorgente + +
+
+
+ +
+ + + Azioni + +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ +
+ + + + + +
+

4.1. Ricerca di risorse semantiche

+

La ricerca degli asset semantici può essere effettuata direttamente +sull’homepage del Catalogo utilizzando l’apposito textbox, oppure +selezionando sulle diverse categorie o tipologie degli asset semantici, +come illustrato nella figura sottostante.

+
+Homepage di schema.gov.it – Ricerca asset semantici +
+

Fig. 4.1 Homepage di schema.gov.it – Ricerca asset semantici

+
+
+

La ricerca tramite textbox permette agli utenti del Catalogo una rapida +individuazione delle risorse desiderate, fornendo in input le parole +chiave di interesse; in particolare, la textbox è supportata da +appositi indici che abilitano la ricerca testuale per titolo, keyword, +termini contenuti nella descrizione, titolare e concetti principali +della risorsa.

+
+Homepage di schema.gov.it – Ricerca asset semantici (Esplora il catalogo) +
+

Fig. 4.2 Homepage di schema.gov.it – Ricerca asset semantici (Esplora il catalogo)

+
+
+

In aggiunta alla precedente modalità di ricerca, è possibile cliccare su +“Esplora il catalogo” e di conseguenza accedere ad una pagina di +ricerca avanzata che ne estende le funzionalità di filtraggio delle +risorse.

+
+Catalogo – Ricerca asset semantici a partire da 'Esplora il catalogo' +
+

Fig. 4.3 Catalogo – Ricerca asset semantici a partire da “Esplora il catalogo”

+
+
+

In particolare, è possibile filtrare le risorse per:

+
    +

  • parole chiave: la funzionalità di ricerca è analoga a quella +descritta per la homepage, ma in questo caso può essere coadiuvata dalle +successive.

    • +

  • tipologia: tutte (opzione di default), ontologia, vocabolario +controllato, schema.

    • +

  • categoria: ad esempio Energia, Ambiente, Trasporti.

    • +

  • titolare: ad esempio INPS, ISPRA, AIA.

    • +
+

L’utente può configurare uno, più o tutti i filtri per poi cliccare il +tasto “OK” e ottenere i risultati della propria ricerca.

+

Inoltre, l’utente può rimuovere filtri applicati nella ricerca +precedente servendosi delle filter chip mostrate appena sotto gli +elementi di configurazione della ricerca, e/o aggiungere nuovi valori ai +filtri, per poi cliccare “OK” e ottenere i nuovi risultati di ricerca.

+

Per ciascun risultato di ricerca, l’utente visualizza le anteprime delle +risorse individuate (nessuna se il filtraggio è troppo restrittivo); per +ciascuna di esse, è possibile cliccare il titolo e accedere alla +relativa scheda di dettaglio. Ulteriori dettagli sulle schede dettaglio +degli asset semantici sono forniti nelle sotto-sezioni seguenti.

+
+ + + + + +
+ +
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/come-utilizzare-le-risorse/scheda-della-risorsa-semantica.html b/docs/come-utilizzare-le-risorse/scheda-della-risorsa-semantica.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..019bf49 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/come-utilizzare-le-risorse/scheda-della-risorsa-semantica.html @@ -0,0 +1,1264 @@ + + + + + + + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione | 4.2. Scheda della risorsa semantica + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+
+
+ +
+
+

+ + Docs Italia + + beta + + +

+

Documenti pubblici, digitali.

+
+
+
+
+ + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione + +
+
+ +
+ + Progetto: + + Progetto demo + +
+ + +
+ + Amministrazione: + + Organizzazione demo + +
+ +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+ + +
+
+ + + + Informazioni + + +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
    + +
+
+
+
+ + + +
+ + + Sorgente + +
+
+
+ +
+ + + Azioni + +
+
+
+
+
+
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+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ +
+ + + + + +
+

4.2. Scheda della risorsa semantica

+
+

4.2.1. Ontologia

+

La scheda di dettaglio di un’ontologia fornisce informazioni quali il +titolo, la descrizione, e mostra due tasti che permettono di accedere +alle due funzionalità “SPARQL” e “Vai al sorgente”.

+
+Esempio schermata della scheda di un'ontologia +
+

Fig. 4.4 Esempio schermata della scheda di un’ontologia

+
+
+

In particolare:

+
    +

  • Il tasto “SPARQL” permette di accedere all’endpoint SPAQL ed +effettuare interrogazioni sull’ontologia, interagendo col Graph Store +del Catalogo.

    • +
+
+Interfaccia per l'esecuzione di interrogazioni mediante SPARQL Query Editor +
+

Fig. 4.5 Interfaccia per l’esecuzione di interrogazioni mediante SPARQL Query Editor

+
+
+
    +

  • Il tasto “Vai al sorgente” permette di accedere al repository +sorgente della risorsa semantica, dove eventualmente l’utente può +aprire nuove issue.

    • +
+

Nella scheda della risorsa è presente anche una tabella che contiene i +dettagli dell’ontologia. Tra i vari elementi cliccabili in tabella vi è +il campo “URI”, che permette di accedere al visualizzatore lode - un +visualizzatore HTML di ontologie espresse in RDFS e OWL - dove l’utente +ha la possibilità di esaminare varie caratteristiche dell’ontologia, tra +cui le classi, le proprietà, nonché informazioni di carattere generale +quali la versione corrente, gli autori e altre modalità di +visualizzazione.

+
+Esempio visualizzatore lode di un’ontologia +
+

Fig. 4.6 Esempio visualizzatore lode di un’ontologia

+
+
+
+
+

4.2.2. Vocabolario controllato

+

La scheda di dettaglio dei vocabolari controllati contiene pressoché gli +stessi elementi descritti per le ontologie.

+
+Esempio schermata della scheda di un vocabolario controllato +
+

Fig. 4.7 Esempio schermata della scheda di un vocabolario controllato

+
+
+

Per i vocabolari controllati è presente un tasto aggiuntivo, “API”, che +permette di accedere alla Swagger UI e quindi fruire del vocabolario +controllato tramite un’apposita API.

+
+Interfaccia Swagger UI per vocabolario controllato +
+

Fig. 4.8 Interfaccia Swagger UI per vocabolario controllato

+
+
+

Anche in questo caso, è presente una tabella che contiene i dettagli +della risorsa semantica, con un importante differenza: il campo “URI” +rimanda non più al visualizzatore lode, bensì lodview - un software +aperto di dereferenziazione di URI che consente di navigare i dati via +Web - dove l’utente ha la possibilità di esaminare varie caratteristiche +del vocabolario controllato correlate al linguaggio RDF.

+
+Esempio visualizzatore lodview di un vocabolario controllato +
+

Fig. 4.9 Esempio visualizzatore lodview di un vocabolario controllato

+
+
+
+
+

4.2.3. Schema

+

La scheda di dettaglio per gli schemi dati mostra il titolo, la +descrizione e il tasto “Vai al sorgente” con funzionamento analogo a +quello descritto per ontologie e vocabolari controllati.

+

In aggiunta, è presente una tabella che contiene, oltre alle +informazioni di base della risorsa, una visualizzazione Swagger UI +completamente integrata, e che abilita la fruizione dello schema dati +mediante la visualizzazione estesa dei vari campi della sezione +“schemas”.

+
+Esempio di tabella contenuta in una scheda per gli schemi dati +
+

Fig. 4.10 Esempio di tabella contenuta in una scheda per gli schemi dati

+
+
+
+
+

4.2.4. Richiesta di aggiornamento di asset semantici esistenti

+

A partire dalla scheda di dettaglio di qualsiasi asset semantico nel +Catalogo, è possibile cliccare su un tasto “Vai al sorgente” per essere +indirizzati sul repository GIT che contiene i dati su cui è stato +effettuato l’harvesting. In tal modo, è possibile non solo consultare i +codici sorgenti delle risorse semantiche, ma anche aprire eventuali +issue nel caso in cui siano stati rilevati errori sui relativi contenuti +semantici.

+

Nel caso di richiesta di integrazioni, il Contributore o l’utente che +apre la issue dovrà fare riferimento alle indicazioni tecniche fornite +nel manuale operativo.

+
+
+ + + + + +
+ +
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/funzionamento-generale.html b/docs/funzionamento-generale.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f7c03b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/funzionamento-generale.html @@ -0,0 +1,1171 @@ + + + + + + + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione | 2. Funzionamento generale + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+
+
+ +
+
+

+ + Docs Italia + + beta + + +

+

Documenti pubblici, digitali.

+
+
+
+
+ + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione + +
+
+ +
+ + Progetto: + + Progetto demo + +
+ + +
+ + Amministrazione: + + Organizzazione demo + +
+ +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+ + +
+
+ + + + Informazioni + + +
+
+
+ +
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+
+
+ +
+ + + + + +
+

2. Funzionamento generale

+

La presente sezione si focalizza sulla descrizione e comprensione del +funzionamento generale del Catalogo. Al fine di offrire una panoramica +più chiara, la sequenza di utilizzo del Catalogo è sintetizzata nella +figura seguente:

+
+

Indice dei contenuti

+ +
+
+ + + + + +
+ +
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/funzionamento-generale/attori.html b/docs/funzionamento-generale/attori.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..59c12b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/funzionamento-generale/attori.html @@ -0,0 +1,1176 @@ + + + + + + + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione | 2.1. Attori + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+
+
+ +
+
+

+ + Docs Italia + + beta + + +

+

Documenti pubblici, digitali.

+
+
+
+
+ + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione + +
+
+ +
+ + Progetto: + + Progetto demo + +
+ + +
+ + Amministrazione: + + Organizzazione demo + +
+ +
+
+
+
+
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+ + +
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+ + + + Informazioni + + +
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+
+
+ +
+ + + + + +
+

2.1. Attori

+
+Schema di interazione da parte dei diversi attori +
+

Fig. 2.1 Schema di interazione da parte dei diversi attori

+
+
+

Gli attori coinvolti sono i seguenti:

+
    +

  • Contributori: soggetti di cui all’art. 2, comma 2, CAD che +alimentano il Catalogo con i propri asset semantici, oppure loro +rappresentanti, anche privati;

    • +

  • Amministratori del Catalogo: svolgono attività di gestione e +amministrazione del Catalogo sia in termini di piattaforma che di +alimentazione;

    • +

  • Utenti finali: fruiscono dei contenuti semantici esposti dal +Catalogo per lo sviluppo delle proprie API.

    • +
+
+ + + + + +
+ +
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/funzionamento-generale/avvio-della-contribuzione.html b/docs/funzionamento-generale/avvio-della-contribuzione.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fbcd393 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/funzionamento-generale/avvio-della-contribuzione.html @@ -0,0 +1,1170 @@ + + + + + + + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione | 2.2. Avvio della contribuzione + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+
+
+ +
+
+

+ + Docs Italia + + beta + + +

+

Documenti pubblici, digitali.

+
+
+
+
+ + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione + +
+
+ +
+ + Progetto: + + Progetto demo + +
+ + +
+ + Amministrazione: + + Organizzazione demo + +
+ +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+ + +
+
+ + + + Informazioni + + +
+
+
+ +
+
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+ +
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+ + + +
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+
+
+ +
+ + + + + +
+

2.2. Avvio della contribuzione

+

L’alimentazione del Catalogo si basa su un processo, l’harvester, che ha +come sorgenti dati i repository di risorse semantiche opportunamente +configurati. Per contribuire all’alimentazione del Catalogo, i +Contributori creano un proprio repository dove pubblicare le risorse +semantiche destinate ad essere raccolte dall’harvester del Catalogo e +inviano successivamente a servicedesk-schema@istat.it una richiesta +di attivazione del processo di harvesting da parte del Catalogo. +Completate le fasi indicate in Come contribuire, +le nuove risorse verranno raccolte nel Catalogo.

+

Anche nel caso di richiesta di semantic stewardship ad Istat, la +richiesta deve essere inoltrata a servicedesk-schema@istat.it.

+
+ + + + + +
+ +
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/funzionamento-generale/esposizione-dei-contenuti-semantici.html b/docs/funzionamento-generale/esposizione-dei-contenuti-semantici.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..319911d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/funzionamento-generale/esposizione-dei-contenuti-semantici.html @@ -0,0 +1,1164 @@ + + + + + + + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione | 2.4. Esposizione dei contenuti semantici + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+
+
+ +
+
+

+ + Docs Italia + + beta + + +

+

Documenti pubblici, digitali.

+
+
+
+
+ + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione + +
+
+ +
+ + Progetto: + + Progetto demo + +
+ + +
+ + Amministrazione: + + Organizzazione demo + +
+ +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+ + +
+
+ + + + Informazioni + + +
+
+
+ +
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+
+
+ +
+ + + + + +
+

2.4. Esposizione dei contenuti semantici

+

Gli asset semantici raccolti dall’harvester sono resi disponibili sul +portale schema.gov.it, in modo da abilitarne la fruizione. Il portale +integra funzionalità di ricerca testuale, filtri preimpostati, +visualizzatori integrati nelle schede degli asset semantici, così come +descritto in Ricerca di risorse semantiche.

+
+ + + + + +
+ +
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/funzionamento-generale/raccolta-e-memorizzazione-dei-dati-semantici.html b/docs/funzionamento-generale/raccolta-e-memorizzazione-dei-dati-semantici.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..729a360 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/funzionamento-generale/raccolta-e-memorizzazione-dei-dati-semantici.html @@ -0,0 +1,1165 @@ + + + + + + + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione | 2.3. Raccolta e memorizzazione dei dati semantici + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+
+
+ +
+
+

+ + Docs Italia + + beta + + +

+

Documenti pubblici, digitali.

+
+
+
+
+ + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione + +
+
+ +
+ + Progetto: + + Progetto demo + +
+ + +
+ + Amministrazione: + + Organizzazione demo + +
+ +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+ + +
+
+ + + + Informazioni + + +
+
+
+ +
+
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+ + + Sorgente + +
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+ + + Azioni + +
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+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ +
+ + + + + +
+

2.3. Raccolta e memorizzazione dei dati semantici

+

La fase di raccolta e memorizzazione dei dati semantici è affidata a un +processo periodico di harvesting (tramite la componente harvester del +back-end del Catalogo). Il processo estrae i dati contenuti nei +repository configurati come sorgenti, e li memorizza su appositi server +a supporto delle funzionalità di ricerca, esplorazione e fruizione del +Catalogo.

+
+ + + + + +
+ +
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manuale-operativo.html b/docs/manuale-operativo.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..96d92d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manuale-operativo.html @@ -0,0 +1,1217 @@ + + + + + + + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione | 5. Manuale operativo + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+
+
+ +
+
+

+ + Docs Italia + + beta + + +

+

Documenti pubblici, digitali.

+
+
+
+
+ + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione + +
+
+ +
+ + Progetto: + + Progetto demo + +
+ + +
+ + Amministrazione: + + Organizzazione demo + +
+ +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+ + +
+
+ + + + Informazioni + + +
+
+
+ +
+
+
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+
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+
+
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+ + + +
+ + + Sorgente + +
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+ +
+ + + Azioni + +
+
+
+
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+
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+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ +
+ + + + + +
+

5. Manuale operativo

+

Il manuale operativo dettaglia le attività tecniche correlate +al processo di contribuzione al catalogo.

+
+

Indice dei contenuti

+ +
+
+ + + + + +
+ +
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manuale-operativo/identificativi-univoci-delle-risorse.html b/docs/manuale-operativo/identificativi-univoci-delle-risorse.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ada7e71 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manuale-operativo/identificativi-univoci-delle-risorse.html @@ -0,0 +1,1586 @@ + + + + + + + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione | 5.1. Identificativi univoci delle risorse + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+
+
+ +
+
+

+ + Docs Italia + + beta + + +

+

Documenti pubblici, digitali.

+
+
+
+
+ + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione + +
+
+ +
+ + Progetto: + + Progetto demo + +
+ + +
+ + Amministrazione: + + Organizzazione demo + +
+ +
+
+
+
+
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+
+ + + + Informazioni + + +
+
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+
+
+ +
+ + + + + +
+

5.1. Identificativi univoci delle risorse

+

Nel contesto del Web semantico, c’è necessità di definire i cosiddetti +«URI stabili/permanenti», ovvero:

+
    +

  • che rimangano stabili per un tempo indeterminato, in quanto fanno +riferimento a entità che devono essere permanenti e univoche;

    • +

  • che permettano di essere risolti su una pagina web o simili per avere +informazioni;

    • +

  • nella forma +https://{{dominio}}/{{tipo_risorsa}}/{{concetto}}/{{codice_riferimento}}, +dove:

    +
    +
      +

    • il dominio, il cui valore dipende dalla scelta effettuata +dai Contributori (rif. Scelta degli identificativi univoci nel web);

      • +

    • il tipo di risorsa può essere, ad esempio, uno dei seguenti +valori:

      +
      +
        +

      • onto: per rappresentare tutto il mondo delle ontologie

        • +

      • controlled-vocabulary: per rappresentare tutto il mondo dei +vocabolari controllati

        • +

      • data: per specificare gli URI dei dati collegati (linked data) +che sono creati come istanze dei modelli ontologici

        • +
      +
      +
      • +

    • il concetto è lo specifico concetto che si istanzia nei dati +o nome dell’ontologia;

      • +

    • il codice di riferimento è il codice univoco per identificare +univocamente la «cosa» descritta.

      • +
    +
    +
    • +
+

Per ulteriori indicazioni in merito, fare riferimento alle Linee Guida +Open Data di +AgID.

+

Ciò detto, i Contributori possono seguire integralmente le indicazioni +nella presente sezione, sia in termini di configurazione dei file di +redirect che di definizione di URI, nel caso in cui vogliano pubblicare +risorse semantiche in un proprio repository e non abbiano già +implementato una propria soluzione per le URI stabili. Al contrario, +se i Contributori hanno già implementato una propria soluzione per le +URI stabili, potranno continuare ad utilizzarla anche nel contesto del +Catalogo, senza dover seguire le indicazioni nella presente sezione.

+
+

5.1.1. Introduzione al redirect con w3id.org

+

w3id.org è una soluzione del W3C Permanent +Identifier Community Group che permette l’aggiunta o modifica di +identificativi permanenti a partire dai quali reindirizzare verso URL +specifici; il processo si basa sull’aggiunta di una o più cartelle nel +repository git del +w3id +le quali contengono i file “.htaccess” e file “README.md”, +eventualmente organizzati in sottocartelle.

+

Nel caso del Catalogo si può richiedere la +registrazione di un proprio dominio su w3id creando una cartella +dedicata oppure facendo riferimento alla cartella Italia del GIT del w3id, nella +quale possono essere aggiunte le sottocartelle, ciascuna per una +particolare area tematica, contenenti i file di reindirizzamento, +eventualmente organizzati in ulteriori sottocartelle, ed il file +“README.md”; successivamente, le stesse saranno gestite autonomamente e +con interfacciamento diretto verso w3id.org dai referenti indicati nei +file “README.md”. La cartella e le relative sottocartelle, i file +“.htaccess” e i file “README.md” sono creati sul repository git del +w3id dal +Contributore.

+

Una nota importante è che l’efficacia delle regole di redirect descritte +nei seguenti paragrafi è subordinata all’applicazione delle indicazioni +offerte dalla presente guida per la creazione ed organizzazione del +repository contenente le risorse semantiche, con particolare riferimento +all’uguaglianza che deve persistere tra il nome di ciascuna cartella e +il nome dei relativi file, a meno dell’estensione, e il nome con il +quale viene referenziata la risorsa semantica (ontologia) all’interno +del proprio URI.

+
+
+

5.1.2. Processo di pubblicazione degli htaccess

+
+

5.1.2.1. Fork del repository git del w3id

+

Il primo passo per la registrazione dei vari redirect è il fork in +locale del repository del w3id.

+

Gli identificativi permanenti (URI) verranno definiti sulla base del +percorso nel quale saranno inseriti i vari file “htaccess”. Nel caso si +vogliano registrare URI sotto la cartella Italia, allora il percorso +della cartella “root” per “nome-cartella” dovrà essere +“italia/<nome-cartella>/” dunque il namespace degli URI +definiti nella stessa sarà “w3id.org/italia/<nome-cartella>/”.

+
+
+

5.1.2.2. Aggiunta della cartella

+

Nel repository in locale creato a partire dalla fork occorrerà creare la +cartella sotto “italia” oppure direttamente sotto la cartella “root”, e +che conterrà l’alberatura di sottocartelle e dei relativi file +“.htaccess”, oltre al file “README.md”, la cui creazione e +configurazione è a carico del Contributore. A tal proposito, in +coda alla sezione sono disponibili una guida alla creazione dei file +e alcuni esempi di possibili strumenti da utilizzare per i test del redirect.

+

Di seguito è fornito un esempio di alberatura della cartella sotto +“/italia”:

+
italia
+|--nome-cartella
+|  |--controlled-vocabulary
+|  |  |-.htaccess
+|  |--data
+|  |  |-.htaccess
+|  |--onto
+|  |  |-.htaccess
+|  |README.md
+
+
+

In tal modo, verranno definiti i seguenti URI stabili:

+
    +

  • w3id.org/italia/<nome-cartella>/controlled-vocabulary

    • +

  • w3id.org/italia/<nome-cartella>/data

    • +

  • w3id.org/italia/<nome-cartella>/onto

    • +
+

Il “<nome-cartella>” è molto importante dato che dovrà essere inserito +in specifici parametri descritti di seguito, e sarà sempre utilizzato +per riferirsi all’insieme delle risorse semantiche del Contributore +nell’ambito della configurazione dei file di redirect.

+

Le regole di redirect associate a ciascun URI sono definite nei relativi +file “.htaccess”. Il file “README.md” contiene i nominativi dei +referenti unitamente ai loro riferimenti e-mail e di github. Questi +riferimenti curano la gestione della cartella e dei relativi file a +seguito dell’approvazione di “Italia”. È opportuno prendere come esempio +il file “README.md” sotto la cartella “italia”.

+
+
+

5.1.2.3. Creazione della pull request

+

Una volta modificato il repository GIT in locale, si crea una pull +request; nel caso in cui si stiano registrando URI sotto Italia, occorre +indicare come reviewer della pull request i contatti presenti nel file +readme sotto +Italia, +che procederanno all’analisi e conseguente validazione della stessa.

+

Il merge sul branch master verrà effettuato in ogni caso direttamente da +w3id.org e determinerà la pubblicazione definitiva dei nuovi URI e +relative regole di redirect.

+
+
+
+

5.1.3. Contenuto dei file htaccess e readme

+

Di seguito è data una descrizione del file “.htaccess” per ciascuna +tipologia di risorsa, da cui il Contributore può prendere spunto per +creare i propri file di redirect. Gli esempi sono calati nella casistica +in cui il Contributore voglia iscrivere le proprie URI sotto +w3id.org/italia/dominio_specifico, voglia fruire delle soluzioni di URI +dereferentiation implementate in Schema, e abbia rispettato le +indicazioni sulla creazione del repository sorgente per le proprie +risorse semantiche descritte in Istruzioni su come predisporre il repository. +In casi diversi rispetto al precedente, il Contributore dovrà adeguare +opportunamente le regole di redirect descritte di seguito.

+
+

5.1.3.1. controlled-vocabulary

+

È buona norma creare il file “.htaccess” da inserire nella +sottocartella +“…/nome-cartella/controlled-vocabulary” prendendo +come esempio quello contenuto nella cartella del GIT +“italia/controlled-vocabulary”.

+

Esso contiene codice scritto sulla base delle Direttive Apache, e +permette di gestire le richieste HTTP in base al valore dell’header +Accept e di SYNTAX. A seconda del valore, gli URL vengono riscritti in +modo diverso o reindirizzati a URL esterni. La specifica azione di +riscrittura o reindirizzamento dipende dalla combinazione di Accept e +SYNTAX.

+

Di seguito viene data una descrizione delle direttive di esempio, alle +quali sono modificati i riferimenti degli URL di atterraggio, oltre +all’eventuale modifica/integrazione delle regole al fine di meglio +adattarsi al git del Contributore:

+
Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin *
+
+
+

Questa riga imposta l’header Access-Control-Allow-Origin su *, +consentendo a qualsiasi dominio di accedere alle risorse sul server +tramite richieste Ajax o da altri domini diversi.

+
Options +FollowSymLinks
+
+
+

Questa riga abilita l’opzione FollowSymLinks, che permette al server di +seguire i collegamenti simbolici (symlink) all’interno del file system.

+
RewriteEngine on
+
+
+

Questa riga attiva il motore di riscrittura degli URL di Apache +(mod_rewrite), che permette di manipolare gli URL delle richieste HTTP.

+
SetEnvIf Accept ^.*text/turtle.* SYNTAX=ttl
+
+SetEnvIf Accept ^.*application/json.* SYNTAX=json
+
+SetEnvIf Accept ^.*application/csv.* SYNTAX=csv
+
+SetEnvIf Accept ^.*text/csv.* SYNTAX=csv
+
+SetEnvIf Accept ^.*text/html.* SYNTAX=html
+
+
+

Queste righe impostano una variabile di ambiente chiamata SYNTAX in base +all’header Accept della richiesta HTTP. Questo viene utilizzato per +determinare il tipo di sintassi richiesto nella risposta. Queste righe +sono modificate a seconda dei formati dei file presenti nelle proprie +cartelle github.

+
SetEnvIf Request_URI ^.*$ ROOT_URL=<url-git>
+
+
+

Imposta la variabile di ambiente ROOT_URL con un URL fisso. L’URL +inserito è quello del proprio Github che punta alla cartella dei +vocabolari controllati (in formato https://raw.githubusercontent.com/…).

+
RewriteCond %{ENV:SYNTAX} ^(ttl|json|csv)$
+
+RewriteRule ^([a-zA-Z-_0-9]+)(/?)$ %{ENV:ROOT_URL}$1/latest/$1.%{ENV:SYNTAX} [R=303,L]
+
+
+

Definisce la regola di riscrittura dell’URL nel caso in cui il tipo file +richiesto sia ttl, json o csv (questi ultimi sono configurati sulla base +dei tipi file presenti nel repository sorgente).

+
RewriteCond %{ENV:SYNTAX} ^html$
+
+RewriteRule ^(.+)$ https://schema.gov.it/lodview/<nome-cartella>/controlled-vocabulary/$1 [R=303,L]
+
+RewriteRule ^(.+)/(.+)/(.+)$ https://schema.gov.it/lodview/<nome-cartella>/controlled-vocabulary/$1/$2/$3 [R=303,L]
+
+
+

Le precedenti condizioni si applicano solo quando SYNTAX è html, oppure +in tutti gli altri casi non gestiti dalle precedenti condizioni. +Riscrivono gli URL in modo diverso, reindirizzando a URL esterni basati +su modelli specifici. Al posto di <nome-cartella> occorre inserire il +nome della cartella tematica aggiunta sotto “/italia” nel git del w3id +con la quale ci si riferisce al particolare insieme di risorse +semantiche.

+
+
+

5.1.3.2. onto

+

È buona norma creare il file “.htaccess” da inserire nella +sottocartella “nome-cartella/onto” a partire da quello +contenuto nella cartella del GIT +“italia/onto”.

+

Esso contiene codice scritto sulla base delle Direttive Apache, e +permette di gestire le richieste HTTP in base al valore dell’header +Accept e di SYNTAX. A seconda del valore, le URL vengono riscritti in +modo diverso o reindirizzati a URL esterni. La specifica azione di +riscrittura o reindirizzamento dipende dalla combinazione di Accept e +SYNTAX.

+

Di seguito viene data una descrizione delle direttive di esempio, alle +quali sono modificati i riferimenti degli URL di atterraggio, oltre +all’eventuale modifica/integrazione delle regole al fine di meglio +adattarsi al git del Contributore:

+
Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin *
+
+
+

Questa riga imposta l’header Access-Control-Allow-Origin su *, +consentendo a qualsiasi dominio di accedere alle risorse sul server +tramite richieste Ajax o da altri domini diversi.

+
Options +FollowSymLinks
+
+
+

Questa riga abilita l’opzione FollowSymLinks, che permette al server di +seguire i collegamenti simbolici (symlink) all’interno del file system.

+
RewriteEngine on
+
+
+

Questa riga attiva il motore di riscrittura degli URL di Apache +(mod_rewrite), che permette di manipolare gli URL delle richieste HTTP.

+
SetEnvIf Accept ^.*application/rdf\+xml.* SYNTAX=rdf
+
+SetEnvIf Accept ^.*application/rdf\+xml.* SYNTAX=owl
+
+SetEnvIf Accept ^.*application/n-triples.* SYNTAX=n3
+
+SetEnvIf Accept ^.*text/turtle.* SYNTAX=ttl
+
+SetEnvIf Accept ^.*text/html.* SYNTAX=html
+
+
+

Queste righe impostano una variabile di ambiente chiamata SYNTAX in base +all’header Accept della richiesta HTTP. Questo viene utilizzato per +determinare il tipo di sintassi richiesto nella risposta. Queste righe +sono modificate a seconda dei formati dei file presenti nelle proprie +cartelle nel repository delle risorse semantiche.

+
SetEnvIf Request_URI ^.*$ ROOT_URL=<url-git>
+
+
+

Imposta la variabile di ambiente ROOT_URL con un URL fisso. L’URL +inserito è quello del proprio repository che punta alla cartella delle +ontologie (in formato https://raw.githubusercontent.com/…).

+
RewriteCond %{ENV:SYNTAX} ^(rdf|ttl|owl|n3)$
+
+RewriteRule ^([a-zA-Z-_0-9]+)(/?)$ %{ENV:ROOT_URL}$1/latest/$1.%{ENV:SYNTAX} [R=303,L]
+
+
+

Definisce la regola di riscrittura dell’URL nel caso in cui il tipo file +richiesto sia rdf, ttl, own o n3 (questi ultimi sono configurati sulla +base dei tipi file presenti nel repository sorgente).

+
RewriteCond %{ENV:SYNTAX} ^html$
+
+RewriteRule ^(.+)(/.+)$ https://schema.gov.it/lodview/<nome-cartella>/onto/$1$2 [R=303,L]
+
+RewriteCond %{ENV:SYNTAX} ^html$
+
+RewriteRule ^(.+)/$ https://schema.gov.it/lode/extract?url=https://w3id.org/italia/<nome-cartella>/onto/$1 [R=303,L]
+
+RewriteCond %{ENV:SYNTAX} ^html$
+
+RewriteRule ^(.+)$ https://schema.gov.it/lode/extract?url=https://w3id.org/italia/<nome-cartella>/onto/$1 [R=303,L]
+
+
+

Le precedenti condizioni si applicano solo quando SYNTAX è html. +Riscrivono gli URL in modo diverso, reindirizzando a URL esterni basati +su modelli specifici. Al posto di <nome-cartella> occorre inserire il +nome della cartella tematica aggiunta sotto “/italia” nel git del w3id +con la quale ci si riferisce al particolare insieme di risorse +semantiche.

+
+
+

5.1.3.3. data

+

È bene che il file “.htaccess” da inserire nella sottocartella +“…/nome-cartella/data” sia essere creato a partire da quello +contenuto nella cartella del GIT +“italia/data”.

+

Esso contiene codice scritto sulla base delle Direttive Apache, e +permette di configurare il server Apache per consentire l’accesso da +qualsiasi dominio alle risorse del server, impostare una variabile di +ambiente ROOT_URL con un valore fisso, e quindi riscrivere tutte le +richieste in modo che includano ROOT_URL prima dell’URI richiesto.

+

Di seguito viene data una descrizione delle direttive di esempio, alle +quali sono modificati i riferimenti degli URL di atterraggio, oltre +all’eventuale modifica/integrazione delle regole al fine di meglio +adattarsi al git del Contributore:

+
Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin *
+
+
+

Questa riga imposta l’header Access-Control-Allow-Origin su *, +consentendo a qualsiasi dominio di accedere alle risorse sul server +tramite richieste Ajax o da altri domini diversi.

+
Options +FollowSymLinks
+
+
+

Questa riga abilita l’opzione FollowSymLinks, che permette al server di +seguire i collegamenti simbolici (symlink) all’interno del file system.

+
RewriteEngine on
+
+
+

Questa riga attiva il motore di riscrittura degli URL di Apache +(mod_rewrite), che permette di manipolare gli URL delle richieste HTTP.

+
SetEnvIf Request_URI ^.*$ ROOT_URL=https://schema.gov.it/lodview/<nome-cartella>/data/
+
+
+

Questa riga imposta una variabile di ambiente chiamata ROOT_URL, dove al +posto di <nome-cartella> occorre inserire il nome della cartella +tematica aggiunta sotto “/italia” nel git del w3id con la quale ci si +riferisce al particolare insieme di risorse semantiche.

+
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ %{ENV:ROOT_URL}$1 [R=303,L]
+
+
+

Questa riga è una regola di riscrittura degli URL. Ogni richiesta che +arriva al server verrà riscritta in modo da includere il valore di +ROOT_URL prima dell’URI richiesto. Il flag [R=303,L] indica che la +risposta HTTP sarà un redirect temporaneo (codice di stato 303) e che +questa è l’ultima regola da applicare.

+
RewriteRule ^(.*)/$ %{ENV:ROOT_URL}$1 [R=303,L]
+
+
+

Questa è una regola di riscrittura simile alla precedente, ma si applica +solo alle richieste che terminano con una barra. Anche in questo caso, +la risposta sarà un redirect temporaneo con codice di stato 303.

+
+
+

5.1.3.4. README.md

+

Per la creazione del file “README.md” è possibile far riferimento

+ +

In ogni caso, nella sezione’contatti” del file readme occorre +descrivere le finalità di utilizzo degli URI e indicare i nominativi dei +referenti specificando il loro contatto github e possibilmente +un’e-mail.

+
+
+
+

5.1.4. Esempi di strumenti a supporto dei test

+

Il Contributore è responsabile della scrittura ed eventuale correzione +dei file htaccess che vengono pubblicati sul w3id; pertanto, è tenuto a +verificarne la correttezza.

+

A titolo di esempio, un possibile approccio per testare gli htaccess +prima della pubblicazione sul w3id potrebbe basarsi sull’installazione +di un server Apache, in un container o macchina virtuale, e la +configurazione dei file htaccess all’interno di esso. Questo +consentirebbe di eseguire test approfonditi sui redirect a partire dal +server di test.

+

Per i test successivi alla pubblicazione su w3id dei file htaccess e +dell’harvesting sul Catalogo, un’opzione può essere l’utilizzo di cURL +per verificare la correttezza delle regole di redirect. In particolare, +in ciascuno dei file htaccess sono definite una o più regole di redirect +basate sul contenuto (es. html, rdf, turtle, ecc.). +Per testare tutte le regole, occorre innanzitutto individuare URI utili a +stressare le regole di redirect contenute in tutti i file htaccess +(onto, controlled-vocabulary e data). Successivamente, per ciascuna +tipologia di risorsa occorre testare, con l’URI individuato, tutti i +possibili contenuti gestiti dal relativo file htaccess, e verificare che +il redirect sia quello atteso. In caso contrario, il Contributore dovrà +aprire una pull request sul git del w3id al fine di correggere il file +htaccess.

+

La generica riga di comando in input da inserire nel prompt dei comandi +è la seguente:

+
curl [URI] --header “Accept: [Content type]”
+
+
+

Di seguito viene fornito un esempio di utilizzo di cURL per verificare +la correttezza dei redirect nel caso di una ontologia.

+
+Prompt dei comandi- cURL per verifica redirect +
+

Fig. 5.1 Prompt dei comandi- cURL per verifica redirect

+
+
+

Nel caso d’esempio, l’URI fornito è il seguente: +https://w3id.org/italia/work-accident/onto/core/, mentre il contenuto +richiesto è “text/html”, ovvero uno di quelli gestiti dal relativo file +htaccess +per le ontologie. Il risultato della cURL mostra come stato http il +valore “303 See Other”, che indica che l’indirizzamento avviene +con successo, e come indirizzo di atterraggio quello costruito +dall’apposita regola di redirect nel htaccess, come atteso.

+
+
+ + + + + +
+ +
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manuale-operativo/indicazioni-su-aggiornamento-di-asset-semantici-esistenti.html b/docs/manuale-operativo/indicazioni-su-aggiornamento-di-asset-semantici-esistenti.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3ac015f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manuale-operativo/indicazioni-su-aggiornamento-di-asset-semantici-esistenti.html @@ -0,0 +1,1209 @@ + + + + + + + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione | 5.3. Indicazioni su aggiornamento di asset semantici esistenti + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+
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+ +
+
+

+ + Docs Italia + + beta + + +

+

Documenti pubblici, digitali.

+
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+ + + + + +
+

5.3. Indicazioni su aggiornamento di asset semantici esistenti

+

Di seguito sono riportate le raccomandazioni in presenza di proposte che +richiedono modifiche ad asset semantici già esistenti.

+
+

5.3.1. Modifiche a vocabolari controllati esistenti

+

Qualora si propongano modifiche a vocabolari esistenti è necessario +specificare nella proposta quanto segue:

+
    +

  • se un concetto già esistente è da considerarsi deprecato. Nel qual +caso si dovrà aggiungere al concetto la proprietà owl:deprecated per +indicare che non è più valido;

    • +

  • aggiungere la definizione del/dei nuovo/nuovi concetto/i seguendo +esattamente le definizioni dei concetti già esistenti nel vocabolario +(anche in termini di URI);

    • +

  • qualora si voglia aggiungere un nuovo livello a una tassonomia o a un +tesauro, è necessario motivare la richiesta e predisporre il nuovo +livello considerando l’aggiunta delle proprietà skos:narrower e +skos:broader prima menzionate ove applicabili nei livelli precedenti già +presenti nel vocabolario controllato.

    • +
+
+
+

5.3.2. Modifiche a ontologie esistenti

+

Le modifiche vengono esplicitate evidenziando i requisiti (domande di +competenza) che portano a richiedere la modifica di concetti e/o +proprietà già esistenti o cambiamenti nelle restrizioni OWL attualmente +inserite nelle ontologie esistenti. Le domande di competenza sono di +fatto interrogazioni sui dati che la modellazione deve poter supportare.

+

Nuovi concetti e/o proprietà rispetto a quelle esistenti, sempre +motivate da specifici requisiti da evidenziare, dovranno essere definiti +seguendo esattamente le definizioni già fornite nell’ambito delle +ontologie esistenti (i.e., specificando tutte le annotazioni che già +vengono utilizzate sia in lingua italiana che in lingua inglese, +specificando eventuali restrizioni OWL se necessarie).

+

Si raccomanda di non effettuare cambiamenti negli URI per concetti e/o +proprietà già definite, per via della loro natura di identificativi +univoci e soprattutto persistenti nel tempo, eccetto il caso in cui i +cambiamenti siano indispensabili per garantire un funzionamento +complessivo dell’asset (anche in termini di coerenza semantica) e del +catalogo schema.gov.it, o quando gli URI contengono evidenti errori di +battitura che ne possano compromettere l’usabilità e la leggibilità.

+
+
+

5.3.3. Modifiche a schemi dati

+

Le modifiche da proporre a schemi dati saranno valutate nel caso in cui +saranno evidenziati nuovi casi d’uso. Sulla base di queste nuove +necessità si decide se modificare uno schema dati già esistente o +crearne uno nuovo. Le modifiche proposte per gli schemi dati dovranno +seguire tutte le regole sintattiche e semantiche definite nel contesto +del catalogo schema.gov.it.

+
+
+ + + + + +
+ +
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manuale-operativo/indicazioni-su-modellazione-e-metadatazione-degli-asset-semantici.html b/docs/manuale-operativo/indicazioni-su-modellazione-e-metadatazione-degli-asset-semantici.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a0c32ee --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manuale-operativo/indicazioni-su-modellazione-e-metadatazione-degli-asset-semantici.html @@ -0,0 +1,1447 @@ + + + + + + + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione | 5.2. Indicazioni su modellazione e metadatazione degli asset semantici + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+
+
+ +
+
+

+ + Docs Italia + + beta + + +

+

Documenti pubblici, digitali.

+
+
+
+
+ + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione + +
+
+ +
+ + Progetto: + + Progetto demo + +
+ + +
+ + Amministrazione: + + Organizzazione demo + +
+ +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+ + +
+
+ + + + Informazioni + + +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
    + +
+
+
+
+ + + +
+ + + Sorgente + +
+
+
+ +
+ + + Azioni + +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ +
+ + + + + +
+

5.2. Indicazioni su modellazione e metadatazione degli asset semantici

+

Di seguito si riportano le linee guida di base per l’aggiunta di un +nuovo vocabolario controllato, una nuova ontologia e un nuovo schema +dati.

+
+

5.2.1. Nuovo vocabolario controllato

+

Il vocabolario controllato è un dataset aperto e, pertanto, è metadatato +seguendo le linee guida nazionali sui dati aperti, adottando cioè il +profilo nazionale di metadatazione +DCAT-AP_IT +e una licenza aperta.

+

Nel contesto delle iniziative per promuovere le politiche di +valorizzazione del patrimonio informativo pubblico, AGID (Agenzia per +l’Italia Digitale) ha collaborato con un Gruppo di Lavoro composto da +amministrazioni centrali e locali per definire il profilo nazionale dei +metadati (DCAT-AP_IT).

+

Questo profilo permette la documentazione dei dati di tipo aperto nel +Catalogo, in linea con la specifica DCAT-AP +(1.1), +definita nell’ambito del programma +ISA della Commissione Europea.

+

È reso, dunque, disponibile da parte di AGID un validatore di file +aderente al profilo +DCAT-AP_IT: +può essere utilizzato dal Contributore al fine di verificare il rispetto +delle specifiche in oggetto, ricordando che eventuali errori segnalati +su “dcatapit:Catalog” e su “owl:versionInfo” possono essere ignorati.

+

Inoltre, è necessario aggiungere al dataset il metadato ndc:keyConcept +definito nell’ontologia NDC . +Il key concept è il concetto principale o chiave a cui il vocabolario +controllato si riferisce. Ad esempio, per il dataset +https://w3id.org/italia/controlled-vocabulary/classifications-for-public-services/authentication-type +il concetto chiave, quindi il valore della proprietà ndc:keyConcept, è +«authentication-type» (il tipo di autenticazione). Questo metadato è +necessario per abilitare i meccanismi di harvesting del catalogo +schema.gov.it

+

Essendo un vocabolario controllato un dataset per organizzare la +conoscenza, esso è rappresentato utilizzando lo standard web di +riferimento per i sistemi di organizzazione della conoscenza, ossia +l’ontologia SKOS.

+

In particolare, il Contributore:

+
    +

  • definisce il ConceptScheme di SKOS che rappresenta tutto il +vocabolario controllato collegandolo ai singoli concetti di primo +livello mediante la proprietà skos:hasTopConcept. Un vocabolario +controllato può essere infatti una lista di codici (code list), una +tassonomia (taxonomy), oppure qualcosa di più complesso come un +tesauro. La proprietà skos:hasTopConcept collega tutti i singoli +concetti in una lista di codici, i concetti di primo livello negli +altri casi più articolati;

    • +

  • per ciascun concetto, inoltre, specifica le seguenti proprietà:

    +
    +
      +

    • skos:notation con l’identificativo univoco associato al concetto;

      • +

    • skos:prefLabel con l’etichetta principale di riferimento per il +concetto definita con almeno il tag in italiano. È opportuno +aggiungere anche la lingua inglese, soprattutto se il vocabolario +è utilizzato in un contesto di interoperabilità anche +transfrontaliera. Si ricorda che l’etichetta che rappresenta il +valore di questa proprietà deve essere esplicita e non contenere +abbreviazioni di testo che la renderebbe comprensibile solo da +parte dell’ente che propone il vocabolario. È opportuno che +l’etichetta principale sia nella forma singolare, lasciando +eventualmente le forme plurali in un’etichetta alternativa +rappresentata con la proprietà skos:altLabel;

      • +

    • skos:inScheme che assume come valore l’URI del vocabolario +controllato che si sta definendo.

      • +
    +
    +
    • +

  • in presenza di tassonomie o tesauri indica anche i concetti di +livello inferiore e superiore attraverso le proprietà skos:narrower e +skos:broader nonché di quanti livelli si compone il vocabolario +mediante la proprietà xkos:numberOfLevels, il cui valore indica il +numero di livelli gerarchici previsti dal vocabolario controllato.

    • +
+

È opportuno che altre proprietà SKOS siano aggiunte ai vari concetti, +come per esempio skos:definition quando una definizione formale del +concetto è nota , skos:note per aggiungere qualsiasi altra nota, qualora +esistente.

+

Qualora un concetto sia allineato semanticamente in maniera più o meno +forte ad analoghi concetti definiti in altri vocabolari controllati +esistenti nel web (es. schema.org, EU authority list) è buona norma +utilizzare le proprietà skos:exactMatch (i due concetti sono di fatto la +stessa cosa), skos:relatedMatch (i due concetti sono tra loro +relazionati, nel senso più generale), skos:closeMatch (i due concetti +sono molto simili ma non esattamente la stessa cosa) al fine di creare +collegamenti tra diversi dataset dei vocabolari controllati (linked open +data).

+
+
+

5.2.2. Nuova ontologia

+

Nel caso di proposta di una nuova ontologia, il Contributore rispetta le +seguenti indicazioni:

+
    +

  • consegnare un’ontologia che non presenta errori sintattici. Non +saranno valutate ontologie che non riescono a essere aperte con +successo da software di editing di ontologie come per esempio +Protégé;

    • +

  • l’ontologia è almeno serializzata in RDF/Turtle (serializzazione +utilizzata nella procedura di harvesting di schema.gov.it);

    • +

  • l’ontologia è metadatata attraverso l’ontologia +ADMS-AP_IT. +Questo profilo di metadatazione è specifico per ontologie e si basa +su DCAT-AP_IT. È questa metadatazione che consente di abilitare +l’harvesting dell’ontologia in schema.gov.it. Per verificare la +correttezza della metadatazione, i Contributori avranno a +disposizione un modulo di pre-harvesting raggiungibile da un’apposita +pagina web, così come espresso nel workflow in +Attività propedeutiche alla contribuzione al Catalogo;

    • +

  • si verifica con dei ragionatori automatici, presenti come plug-in nei +principali editor di sviluppo di ontologie come ad esempio Protégé o +Eddy, che l’ontologia prodotta non abbia inconsistenze semantiche e +che quello che si vuole modellare sia correttamente inferito dal +ragionatore;

    • +

  • le classi e proprietà di ogni tipo delle ontologie sono sempre +annotate con almeno le proprietà rdfs:label e rdfs:comment in +italiano. Qualora l’ontologia abbia una potenzialità in un contesto +transfrontaliero, si fornisce anche la versione in lingua inglese +delle stesse proprietà. È opportuno inoltre specificare la proprietà +di annotazione rdfs:isDefinedBy con l’URI dell’ontologia;

    • +

  • riutilizzare direttamente tutte le ontologie già esistenti in +schema.gov.it qualora questo si applichi alla nuova modellazione. +Questo consente anche di riutilizzare pattern di modellazione già +implementati che, da letteratura scientifica, hanno dimostrato di +fornire maggiori garanzie di interoperabilità semantica tra +modellazioni diverse. A titolo d’esempio: se si deve definire un +concetto di persona fisica oppure di organizzazione (pubblica o +privata che sia) ma anche concetti legati al tempo o a ruoli di +agenti che agiscono su oggetti del dominio è necessario riutilizzare +rispettivamente le ontologie CPV (Persone), COV (Organizzazioni), TI +(tempo), RO (ruoli);

    • +

  • si ricorda che il riutilizzo diretto di concetti e/o proprietà già +esistenti comporta l’ereditarietà di tutti i vincoli di cardinalità +(restrizioni OWL) già definiti nelle ontologie di schema.gov.it;

    • +

  • qualora ci sia necessità di aggiungere altre proprietà o vincoli di +cardinalità a concetti già esistenti in ontologie già disponibili, o +si richiede tale aggiunta agli Amministratori del Catalogo per agire +direttamente nelle ontologie di schema, oppure si definisce un +proprio concetto che potrà diventare sottoclasse del concetto già +esistente in ontologie esistenti di schema.gov.it;

    • +

  • è raccomandato allineare la nuova ontologia all’ontologia di livello +top nazionale l0. Questa raccomandazione ha alcuni vantaggi: 1) aiuta +a comprendere meglio cosa si sta modellando. Se si modella un’entità +che è “concetto” questa non può essere anche un “evento”; 2) +l’ontologia l0 aiuta a collegare tutte le ontologie tra loro creando +quindi una grossa rete di ontologie nazionali. Il collegamento tra +modelli concettuali abilita il collegamento tra i dati rappresentati +con quei modelli; 3) l0 è molto utile per verificare, attraverso +l’inferenza semantica, eventuali inconsistenze semantiche in +un’ottica più generale di rete più che di singola ontologia;

    • +

  • è possibile aggiungere vincoli di cardinalità mediante restrizioni +OWL, ma è bene non vincolare troppo le varie definizioni per dare più +possibilità di riutilizzo alle ontologie anche in altri potenziali +contesti, visto la valenza nazionale che nuove ontologie possono +assumere con la pubblicazione in schema.gov.it. A tal proposito si +suggerisce di definire restrizioni OWL come sottoclassi della classe +a cui si riferiscono così da specificare una condizione necessaria ma +non sufficiente e valutare attentamente se il vincolo di cardinalità +è di fatto sempre stringente (costrutti come “some”, “exactly 1”) o +meno (“max 1”, ecc.). Qualora ci siano vincoli di cardinalità più +stringenti dal punto di vista applicativo, è bene che il Contributore +consideri la possibilità di rilassare alcune restrizioni OWL definite +nell’ontologia e creare a parte un vero e proprio profilo applicativo +mediante regole SHACL, standard web pubblicato dal W3C. Questa +pratica, tra l’altro, è quella adottata da alcuni paesi europei (es. +Belgio) e dalla Commissione Europea stessa nel contesto di iniziative +di interoperabilità semantica quali i core vocabulary, l’ontologia +ePO sul’e-procurement, l’ontologia ELM – European Learning Model;

    • +

  • è opportuno modularizzare il più possibile le ontologie, più che +creare ontologie che contengono la rappresentazione di svariati +domini/tipologie di dati. L’evidente vantaggio della modularizzazione +è quello di riuscire a gestire in modo più agevole eventuali +evoluzioni future che potrebbero anche seguire diverse frequenze di +aggiornamento delle diverse tipologie di dato;

    • +

  • è opportuno utilizzare ontology design pattern e un approccio agile +alla modellazione con rilasci più frequenti e definizioni di versioni +anche instabili dell’ontologia pian piano raffinate con requisiti +nuovi fino alla versione finale. Gli ontology design pattern sono +soluzioni di modellazione già disponibili, riusabili ed efficaci che +possono essere specializzati o direttamente applicati nel dominio da +modellare e che risolvono problemi di modellazione ricorrenti (es. un +qualcosa che cambia nel tempo). Essi aiutano a ridurre l’arbitrarietà +nel design dell’ontologia e consentono di ridurre gli errori di +modellazione e quindi migliorare la qualità delle ontologie. Si +ricorda, come prima menzionato, che già le ontologie esistenti +implementano ontology design pattern che si devono riutilizzare (es. +ruoli nel tempo, oggetti che variano nel tempo, valori, ecc.);

    • +

  • è buona norma allineare l’ontologia anche ad altre ontologie +esistenti nel Web dei Dati, qualora questo sia applicabile;

    • +

  • è possibile corredare l’ontologia di una rappresentazione grafica dei +concetti e delle loro relazioni. A tale scopo i Contributori sono +liberi di utilizzare strumenti di loro preferenza. Solo a titolo +d’esempio si possono citare diagrammi di rappresentazione grafica che +utilizzano la notazione UML, che possono +essere prodotti con strumenti quali diagrams.net, Visual Paradigm, +StarUML oppure che usano notazioni tecniche specifiche di disegno +ontologico come per esempio +Graffoo (che è possibile +abilitare con strumenti come +yEd oppure +draw.io) o +Graphol +(che è possibile utilizzare attraverso strumenti come +Eddy).

    • +
+
+
+

5.2.3. Nuovi schemi dati

+

I nuovi schemi dati devono avere un collegamento con gli asset semantici +di tipo ontologie e vocabolari controllati, qualora questi esistano in +schema.gov.it e siano pertinenti rispetto agli attributi dello schema +dati.

+

Gli schemi dati per essere sottoposti al processo di harvesting debbono +contenere due file: il file di metadati in formato RDF/Turtle, e il +modello dello schema dati in formato OpenAPI.

+

In particolare, il file di metadati deve avere l’estensione .ttl e un +nome specifico, ossia “index.ttl”.

+

Il file “index.ttl”, come per le ontologie, deve contenere tutti i +metadati previsti dall’ontologia +ADMS-AP_IT. +Questo profilo di metadatazione si basa su DCAT-AP_IT. È l’adozione di +questo modello che consente l’harvesting anche degli schemi dati.

+

Mentre il file che riporta lo schema del servizio deve avere +l’estensione .yaml (se viene utilizzata la versione 3.0 di OpenAPI si +usa oas3.yaml).

+

Le sezioni principali e obbligatorie all’interno del file che riporta lo +schema del servizio sono le seguenti:

+
    +

  • info: le informazioni iniziali riguardanti il titolo (title) e la descrizione (description) dello schema dati del servizio;

    • +

  • components:

    +
    +
      +

    • schemas: vengono descritti i concetti all’interno del +servizio, definendo quali sono i concetti di input obbligatori +(required). Per ogni concetto sono dichiarate le seguenti voci:

      • +

    • type: il tipo di dato (object, string, integer);

      • +

    • description: si riporta la URI del concetto di riferimento;

      • +

    • per i concetti di tipo object è necessario elencare le properties. +Per le properties è necessario definire il tipo di dato (type): se +si tratta di un object si riporta il riferimento al concetto, +altrimenti è necessario riportare il tipo di format e quando +richiesto il pattern;

      • +

    • x-jsonld-type: si riporta la URI del concetto di riferimento;

      • +

    • x-jsonld-context:

      +
      +
        +

      • ‘@vocab’: si riporta la radice della URI dell’ontologia maggiormente referenziata all’interno dello schema dati del servizio.

        • +
      +
      +
      • +
    +
    +
    • +
+

Si riporta un breve esempio di seguito:

+
components:
+  schemas:
+    TaxCode:
+      type: string
+      description: https://w3id.org/italia/onto/CPV/taxCode.
+      example: RSSMRA75L01H501A
+      maxLength: 16
+      minLength: 11
+    Person:
+      type: object
+      description: https://w3id.org/italia/onto/CPV/Person
+      x-jsonld-type: https://w3id.org/italia/onto/CPV/Person
+      x-jsonld-context:
+        "@vocab": https://w3id.org/italia/onto/CPV/
+       tax_code:
+         "@id": taxCode
+       date_of_birth: dateOfBirth
+       family_name: familyName
+       given_name: givenName
+      properties:
+        tax_code:
+          $ref: "#/components/schemas/TaxCode"
+        date_of_birth:
+          format: date
+          type: string
+         pattern: ([0-9]{4})-([0-1][0-9])-([0-3][0-9])
+        family_name:
+          type: string
+        given_name:
+          type: string
+
+
+
+
+ + + + + +
+ +
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manuale-operativo/istruzioni-su-come-predisporre-il-repository-in-cui-pubblicare-le-risorse-semantiche.html b/docs/manuale-operativo/istruzioni-su-come-predisporre-il-repository-in-cui-pubblicare-le-risorse-semantiche.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ca7e1cf --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manuale-operativo/istruzioni-su-come-predisporre-il-repository-in-cui-pubblicare-le-risorse-semantiche.html @@ -0,0 +1,1821 @@ + + + + + + + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione | 5.4. Istruzioni su come predisporre il repository in cui pubblicare le risorse semantiche + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+
+
+ +
+
+

+ + Docs Italia + + beta + + +

+

Documenti pubblici, digitali.

+
+
+
+
+ + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione + +
+
+ +
+ + Progetto: + + Progetto demo + +
+ + +
+ + Amministrazione: + + Organizzazione demo + +
+ +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+ + +
+
+ + + + Informazioni + + +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
    + +
+
+
+
+ + + +
+ + + Sorgente + +
+
+
+ +
+ + + Azioni + +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ +
+ + + + + +
+

5.4. Istruzioni su come predisporre il repository in cui pubblicare le risorse semantiche

+

La sezione descrive le caratteristiche principali che è bene che i +repository gestiti dai Contributori abbiano affinché vengano +correttamente acquisiti dal Catalogo, nel caso gli stessi vogliano +contribuire offrendo risorse semantiche gestite in un repository di +propria titolarità.

+

Allo scopo di semplificare il controllo di qualità che i Contributori +devono effettuare sui propri repository, gli Amministratori del Catalogo +hanno reso disponibile presso il repository +https://github.com/teamdigitale/dati-semantic-cookiecutter un template +di controlli che possono essere integrati sul proprio repository, +disattivando eventualmente alcuni hook non applicabili, a supporto +dell’esecuzione dei controlli di qualità propedeutici alla richiesta di +iscrizione al Catalogo. Per ulteriori approfondimenti, è possibile far +riferimento al file readme del cookiecutter, nel paragrafo “Controlli +Automatici e Test”.

+

I principali controlli implementati nel template sono descritti nelle +successive sotto-sezioni.

+
+

5.4.1. Struttura di base del repository

+

La struttura di base del repository deve rispettare il seguente +template:

+
    +

  • Ontologie: in “assets/ontologies”;

    • +

  • Vocabolari controllati: in “assets/controlled-vocabularies”;

    • +

  • Schemi: in “assets/schemas”.

    • +
+
+
+

5.4.2. Contenuto del repository

+

I file devono essere codificati in UTF-8.

+

Le risorse semantiche devono essere presenti almeno nel seguente +formato:

+
    +

  • Ontologie: RDF/Turtle (media-type “text/turtle”) con estensione del +file .ttl;

    • +

  • Vocabolari controllati: RDF/Turtle (media-type “text/turtle”) con +estensione del file .ttl;

    • +

  • Schemi dati: OAS3 (“.oas3.yaml”) e turtle dei metadati (file +“index.ttl”).

    • +
+

Possono essere presenti ulteriori serializzazioni (es. RDF/XML, JSON-LD, +CSV, …) che verranno ignorate dal processo di harvesting del Catalogo.

+

Possono essere presenti eventuali file di documentazione, ma solo in +formato Markdown (“.md”).

+
+
+

5.4.3. Nomi delle cartelle e dei file

+

I nomi di file e directory devono rispettare il seguente pattern +\`[A-Za-z0-9\_-.]{,64}.

+

Il nome di ciascun file deve corrispondere al nome della relativa +risorsa nell’URI utilizzato per referenziarla.

+

I nomi dei file di una directory devono corrispondere al nome della +directory che li contiene, a meno dell’estensione degli stessi.

+

Il controllo può essere disattivato nel caso in cui il Contributore +abbia implementato una propria soluzione per le URI stabili, oppure se +ha configurato una soluzione basata sul W3id +(Identificativi univoci delle risorse) +che tratti opportunamente eventuali discrepanze tra nomi dei file, nomi delle +cartelle che li contengono e nomi delle risorse nelle relative URI.

+
+
+

5.4.4. Proiezioni in CSV dei vocabolari controllati

+

Le directory del vocabolario controllato possono contenere una +proiezione in formato CSV del vocabolario insieme ai metadati necessari +per mappare i campi del CSV alle risorse presenti nell’RDF.

+

Nel caso in cui si voglia pubblicare anche la proiezione CSV per un +vocabolario controllato, questo deve avere la struttura di file piatto, +ossia riportare tutte le voci delle classificazioni dal primo livello al +livello di foglia. Occorre rispettare le seguenti regole:

+
    +

  • generare la proiezione possibilmente mediante strumenti come JSON-LD +framing;

    • +

  • eventuali commenti nel CSV devono iniziare col carattere “#”;

    • +

  • l’header del CSV, ovvero la prima riga contenente i nomi delle +colonne, deve rispettare le seguenti regole sulla base della presenza +o meno, nella stessa directory del CSV, del file di metadati in un +frictionless data package, annotato secondo le specifiche indicate in +REST API Linked Data Keywords:

    +
    +
      +

    • se presente, allora i nomi delle colonne devono essere conformi a +quanto indicato nei metadati.

      • +

    • se non presente, i nomi delle colonne devono solo rispettare il +seguente pattern: ^[a-zA-Z0-9_]{2,64}$.

      • +
    +
    +
    • +

  • si suggerisce di creare la riga di header di vocabolari controllati +alberati introducendo tante colonne quanti sono i livelli secondo la +nomenclatura: codice_1_livello, label_ITA_1_livello, +label_ENG_1_livello, definizione, … codice_n_livello, +label_ITA_n_livello, label_ENG_n_livello, definizione, NOTE (Dove “n” +rappresenta il numero di livelli della classificazione);

    • +

  • le righe successive del CSV devono contenere i valori delle colonne +separati da “,”” (virgola) e, se valori relativi a campi di tipo +stringa, racchiusi in “»” (doppie virgolette).

    • +
+

I metadati di cui al precedente elenco devono essere espressi tramite un +file ‘datapackage’ con estensione ‘.json’, ‘.yaml’ o ‘.yml’.

+

Nel caso in cui le voci di un vocabolario siano già presenti in un +repository triple store è possibile estrarne il contenuto con una query +SPARQL secondo il seguente formato:

+
SELECT DISTINCT ?codice_1_livello ?label_1_livello_it ?label_1_livello_en ?label_1_livello_fr ?label_1_livello_de
+
+WHERE{
+
+<https://w3id.org/italia/controlled-vocabulary/territorial-classifications/countries/italy/ITA> a skos:Concept;
+
+skos:notation ?codice_1_livello;
+
+skos:prefLabel ?label_1_livello_it;
+
+skos:prefLabel ?label_1_livello_en;
+
+skos:prefLabel ?label_1_livello_fr;
+
+skos:prefLabel ?label_1_livello_de.
+
+FILTER (LANG(?label_1_livello_it) = 'it')
+
+FILTER (LANG(?label_1_livello_en) = 'en')
+
+FILTER (LANG(?label_1_livello_fr) = 'fr')
+
+FILTER (LANG(?label_1_livello_de) = 'de')
+
+}
+
+
+
+
+

5.4.5. Versionamento

+

Le directory degli asset possono avere sub-directory per supportare il +versionamento. Il nome delle sub-directory rispetta il pattern: +(latest|v?[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+){0,2}).

+

Una directory contenente asset non contiene contemporaneamente +sub-directory versionate con e senza il prefisso “v” perché questo +rende impossibile ordinare le versioni.

+

In Istruzioni su come predisporre il repository +sono contenuti alcuni esempi di versionamento delle risorse semantiche.

+
+
+

5.4.6. Approfondimenti sugli schemi dati

+

Gli schemi utilizzano delle directory versionate come descritto nel +corso del documento.

+

Gli schemi per le API vengono pubblicati in formato OpenAPI, +corrispondenti ad una estensione di JSON Schema Draft +4, incorporato +nella sezione “#/components/schema” del file OAS compatibilmente con +le Linee Guida per l’interoperabilità tecnica. L’estensione del file è +“.oas3.yaml”.

+

È opportuno che il file YAML contenga i riferimenti semantici descritti +nel documento +I-D-polli-restapi-ld-keywords +attraverso:

+
    +

  • il campo custom “x-jsonld-context” contenente un “@context” +JSON-LD conforme alle indicazioni contenute in JSON-LD 1.1;

    • +

  • il campo custom “x-jsonld-type” contenente il riferimento ad un +“rdf:type”.

    • +
+

I metadati associati sono pubblicati solo in formato RDF/Turtle (media +type “text/turtle”) in un apposito file “index.ttl”, uno per ciascuno +schema dati. È opportuno che questo file sia generato automaticamente +dal documento OpenAPI.

+

È possibile verificare sintatticamente gli schemi forniti utilizzando +l’OpenAPI Checker.

+
+

5.4.6.1. Schema bundling

+

Quando si pubblica un documento OAS contenente la specifica di un’API, è +utile de-referenziare ed accorpare in un unico file tutti i riferimenti +a schemi ed operazioni.

+

Questo processo viene detto +bundling.

+

Il prodotto sarà un singolo OAS document (es. un file YAML) utile alla +validazione sintattica e semantica dell’API.

+

Questo meccanismo permette di inserire nell’IDL tutte le informazioni +semantiche necessarie a descrivere l’API in base sia ai riferimenti +ontologici che agli schemi utilizzati.

+

In Istruzioni su come predisporre il repository +verrà fornito un caso specifico per illustrare in dettaglio il processo +di bundling.

+
+
+

5.4.6.2. Schemi XSD

+

Attualmente il materiale semantico pubblicato dalla UE si basa sui +formati RDF ed XSD.

+

NDC non supporta il processamento di file XSD. Questi potranno essere +supportati in un secondo momento.

+

In Istruzioni su come predisporre il repository verrà fornito un caso specifico per +illustrare in dettaglio uno schema XSD.

+
+
+
+

5.4.7. Esempi

+
+

5.4.7.1. Repository

+

Ad esempio, analizziamo un repository strutturato come segue:

+
bash
+┌─ README.md
+├─ publiccode.yaml
+|
+├─ assets/ontologies/
+│ ├─ Onto1/
+│ │ ├─ onto1.ttl
+│ │ └─ onto1.rdf
+│ ├─ Onto2/
+│ │ └─ README.md
+│ ├─ Onto3/
+│ │ ├─ Other/
+│ │ │ └─ temp.md
+│ │ └─ onto3.ttl
+│ ├─ Onto4/
+│ │ └─ latest/
+│ │   ├─ onto1.ttl
+│ │   └─ onto1.rdf
+│ └─ notes.md
+|
+└─ assets/controlled-vocabularies/
+  └─ ...
+
+
+

Il repository non contiene schemi, quindi NDC non aggiungerà schemi al +catalogo durante l’harvesting. Questo non rappresenta un problema e non +è considerato un errore.

+

I file informativi (es. README.md, notes.md) presenti sia nella radice +che nelle sottodirectory vengono ignorati durante l’harversting.

+

Per quanto riguarda la directory “Onto1/”:

+
    +

  • essa non contiene sotto-directory né altre directory al suo interno +ed è quindi una cartella foglia. Quindi viene processata come +potenzialmente contenente un’ontologia;

    • +

  • contiene un file RDF/Turtle che verrà processato;

    • +

  • contiene un altro file RDF, plausibilmente una serializzazione +diversa degli stessi contenuti del file .ttl in RDF/XML. Poiché il +processo di harvesting di schema utilizza solo i file di tipo +text/turtle con estensione “.ttl”, questo file non è usato nel +processo stesso.

    • +
+

La directory “Onto2/” non contiene file “.ttl”: questo viene +segnalato solamente come WARNING.

+

La directory “Onto3/” ha una sottodirectory, quindi non è considerata +come contenitore di ontologia, ma come directory intermedia nel cammino +per altre directory foglia: il file “onto3.tll” è ignorato e non +processato.

+

La directory “Onto4/” contiene una sottodirectory “latest/” che +contiene un file “.ttl”, quindi viene processata come potenzialmente +contenente un’ontologia.

+
+
+

5.4.7.2. Versionamento directory degli asset semantici

+

A titolo di esempio, di seguito è fornita una possibile organizzazione +delle directory sfruttando il versionamento. È importante notare che le +versioni dell’ontologia “Car” non sono prefissate da “v” mentre +quelle di “Person” sono tutte prefissate da “v”.

+
bash
+└── assets
+  ├── ontologies
+  │  └── Car
+  │  |  ├── 1.3
+  │  |  ├── 202101
+  │  |  └── 4.5.6
+  │  └── Person
+  │    ├── v1.3
+  │    └── v4.5.6
+  └── schemas
+    └── Person
+      └── latest
+
+
+

Nell’esempio di seguito, invece, sono presenti sei esempi di path non +validi, anche perché le directory contengono contemporaneamente versioni +prefissate da “v” che senza prefisso.

+
bash
+└── assets
+  ├── ontologies
+  │  └── MyOntology
+  │    ├── v1.4-beta
+  │    ├── versione 2.9
+  │    ├── v4..6
+  │    ├── v.3
+  │    └── 4.5.
+
+
+

È possibile che un repository contenga versioni precedenti delle risorse +semantiche per fini storici, al di là del versionamento supportato da +git.

+

L’harvesting delle ontologie considera che le directory che contengono +ontologie possano essere versionate, non i singoli file. Questo vale +anche per le sotto-directory.

+

Attualmente, il Catalogo non prende in considerazione il versionamento +delle cartelle per schemi dati e vocabolari controllati, ma per le +ontologie prende in considerazione:

+
    +

  • “latest/” se presente;

    • +

  • quella maggiore secondo il seguente ordinamento:

    +
    +
      +

    • tra due versioni espresse come forme numeriche (con punti), si +segue l’ordinamento comunemente condiviso per cui i numeri a +sinistra sono i più significativi;

      • +

    • qualora due versioni abbiano lunghezza diversa ma una sia prefisso +dell’altra, la più lunga viene considerata più recente; ad +esempio, v4.5 è considerata obsoleta in presenza di v4.5.2.

      • +
    +
    +
    • +
+
+
+

5.4.7.3. Focus su alberatura per le ontologie

+

Di seguito viene fornito un esempio di alberatura, comprensiva di +versionamento, contenente i file che definiscono un’ontologia. In questo +caso viene processata solo la directory “latest/”. Nell’esempio, +l’alberatura contiene una serie di file di documentazione opzionali che +non vengono processati.

+
bash
+assets/
+ ontologies/
+  MyOntology/
+   CHANGELOG.md
+   README.md
+   v1.2/
+    MyOntology.ttl
+    MyOntology.rdf
+   v1.1/
+    MyOntology.ttl
+   latest/
+    MyOntology.ttl
+    MyOntology.rdf
+    LATEST.md
+
+
+
+
+

5.4.7.4. Focus su alberatura per i vocabolari controllati

+

Di seguito l’esempio di un’alberatura contenente un vocabolario +controllato e la sua proiezione in formato CSV generata utilizzando le +informazioni di framing indicate in “framing.yamlld”.

+

Il file “datapackage.yaml” contiene i metadati del CSV.

+
bash
+assets/
+ controlled-vocabulary/
+  my-codelist/
+   CHANGELOG.md
+   README.md
+   my-codelist.ttl
+   my-codelist.csv
+   datapackage.yaml
+   framing.yamlld
+
+
+

Il file my-codelist.ttl contiene il vocabolario controllato in formato +RDF/Turtle.

+
turtle
+
+@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
+
+@prefix at: <http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/authority/> .
+
+@prefix atold: <http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/> .
+
+@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
+
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+
+@prefix c: <http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/country/> .
+
+c:ITA a skos:Concept;
+
+ dc:identifier "ITA";
+
+ skos:prefLabel "Italy"@en, "Italia"@it, "Italie"@fr;
+
+ skos:inScheme atold:country
+
+.
+
+c:DEU a skos:Concept;
+
+ dc:identifier "DEU";
+
+ skos:prefLabel "Germany"@en, "Germania"@it, "Allemagne"@fr;
+
+ skos:inScheme atold:country
+
+.
+
+c:ESP a skos:Concept;
+
+ dc:identifier "ESP";
+
+ skos:prefLabel "Spain"@en, "Spagna"@it, "Espagne"@fr;
+
+ skos:inScheme atold:country
+
+.
+
+
+

Il my-codelist.csv contiene le proiezioni del vocabolario controllato in +formato CSV.

+
csv
+
+# It is possible to add comments
+
+#  metadata is into datapackage.yaml
+
+"id","label_en","label_it","label_fr"
+
+"ITA","Italy","Italia","Italie"
+
+"DEU","Germany","Germania","Allemagne"
+
+"ESP","Spain","Spagna","Espagne"
+
+
+

Il file Datapackage.yaml contiene tutte le informazioni sui metadati del +file CSV.

+
yaml
+
+# Datapackage.yaml
+
+profile: data-package
+
+resources:
+
+ - name: my-codelist
+
+  path: my-codelist.csv
+
+  profile: tabular-data-resource
+
+  dialect:
+
+   delimiter: ","
+
+   doubleQuote: true
+
+   lineTerminator: ""
+
+  schema:
+
+   x-jsonld-type: skos:Concept
+
+   x-jsonld-context:
+
+    "@context":
+
+     skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
+
+     dc: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
+
+     at: http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/authority/
+
+     atold: http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/
+
+     c: http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/country/
+
+     id: dc:identifier
+
+     label_it:
+
+      "@id": skos:prefLabel
+
+      "@language": it
+
+     label_en:
+
+      "@id": skos:prefLabel
+
+      "@language": en
+
+     label_fr:
+
+      "@id": skos:prefLabel
+
+      "@language": fr
+
+   fields:
+
+    - name: id
+
+     type: string
+
+    - name: label_en
+
+     type: string
+
+    - name: label_it
+
+     type: string
+
+    - name: label_fr
+
+     type: string
+
+
+
+
+

5.4.7.5. Schema bundling

+

Un esempio di file OAS3 metadatato con i campi “x-jsonld-context” e +“x-jsonld-type”:

+
yaml
+
+openapi: 3.0.1
+
+...
+
+components:
+
+ schemas:
+
+  Person:
+
+   type: object
+
+   x-jsonld-type: "https://w3id.org/italia/onto/CPV/Person"
+
+   x-jsonld-context:
+
+    "@vocab": "https://w3id.org/italia/onto/CPV/"
+
+    nome_proprio: givenName
+
+    cognome: familyName
+
+   properties:
+
+    nome_proprio: {type: string, ..}
+
+    cognome: {type: string, ..}
+
+   ...
+
+
+

Di seguito l’esempio di un’alberatura contenente uno schema.

+
bash
+assets/
+ schemas/
+  Person/
+   CHANGELOG.md
+   README.md
+   person.oas3.yaml
+   index.ttl
+
+
+
+
+

5.4.7.6. Schemi XSD

+

L’esempio di seguito fa riferimento al «Countries Authority Table».

+

L’authority table dei paesi «Countries» viene pubblicata a partire +dall’URL su http://publications.europa.eu/resource/dataset/country +contenente i link a tutti i dataset associati e corrispondente al suo +URI.

+

All’indirizzo https://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/country +si trova l’elenco dei paesi in formato RDF; sotto quell’URL ci sono i +riferimenti ai singoli paesi, eg. +https://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/country/ITA.

+

Il versionamento è contenuto all’interno degli RDF e l’URL viene +dereferenziato all’ultima versione.

+

Gli URI sono versionati, ad esempio +http://publications.europa.eu/resource/expression/country/20170920-0.

+

Da lì è possibile individuare una lista di dataset associati ed +eventualmente localizzati: qui +https://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/07ed8d46-2b56-11e7-9412-01aa75ed71a1.0001.12/DOC_14 +la lista delle coppie codice/paese in italiano in formato XML (ATTO +table, usate per le traduzioni).

+
xml
+
+<TABLE VL="IT" NAME="countries">
+
+ <LIBELLE CODE="1A0">Kosovo</LIBELLE>
+
+ <LIBELLE CODE="ABW">Aruba</LIBELLE>
+
+ <LIBELLE CODE="AFG">Afghanistan</LIBELLE>
+
+...
+
+</TABLE>
+
+
+

Qui una codelist (estensione «.gc») +http://publications.europa.eu/resource/distribution/country/20210616-0/xml/gc/Country.gc +contenente tutti i dati in un formato xml analogo a quello tabellare.

+
xml
+
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+
+<gc:CodeList xmlns:gc="http://docs.oasis-open.org/codelist/ns/genericode/1.0/">
+
+  <Identification>
+
+   <CanonicalUri>http://publications.europa.eu/resource/dataset/country</CanonicalUri>
+
+<CanonicalVersionUri>http://publications.europa.eu/resource/dataset/country/20210616-0</CanonicalVersionUri>
+
+<LocationUri>http://publications.europa.eu/resource/distribution/country/20210616-0/xml/gc/Country.gc</LocationUri>
+
+  </Identification>
+
+  <ColumnSet>
+
+   <Column Id="code" Use="required">
+
+     <ShortName>Code</ShortName>
+
+     <Data Type="normalizedString" Lang="eng"/>
+
+   </Column>
+
+   <Column Id="Name" Use="optional">
+
+     <ShortName>Name</ShortName>
+
+     <Data Type="string" Lang="eng"/>
+
+   </Column>
+
+   <Column Use="optional" Id="ita_label">
+
+     <ShortName>engLabel</ShortName>
+
+     <Data Type="string" Lang="ita"/>
+
+   </Column>
+
+  ...
+
+  </ColumnSet>
+
+  <SimpleCodeList>
+
+   <Row>
+
+     <Value ColumnRef="code">
+
+      <SimpleValue>ITA</SimpleValue>
+
+     </Value>
+
+     <Value ColumnRef="Name">
+
+      <SimpleValue>Italy</SimpleValue>
+
+     </Value>
+
+     <Value ColumnRef="ita_label">
+
+      <SimpleValue>Italy</SimpleValue>
+
+     </Value>
+
+  ...
+
+  <SimpleCodeList>
+
+
+

Gli stessi dati possono essere recuperati a partire da +https://data.europa.eu/data/datasets/country.

+
+
+
+ + + + + +
+ +
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/pillole-di-semantica-dei-dati.html b/docs/pillole-di-semantica-dei-dati.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e05b7c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pillole-di-semantica-dei-dati.html @@ -0,0 +1,1222 @@ + + + + + + + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione | 6. Pillole di semantica dei dati + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+
+
+ +
+
+

+ + Docs Italia + + beta + + +

+

Documenti pubblici, digitali.

+
+
+
+
+ + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione + +
+
+ +
+ + Progetto: + + Progetto demo + +
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+ + Amministrazione: + + Organizzazione demo + +
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+
+
+ +
+ + + + + +
+

6. Pillole di semantica dei dati

+

Nell’ambito di un linguaggio, sia esso naturale che informatico, si +individuano due elementi essenziali: la sintassi e la semantica. Mentre +la sintassi si occupa dell’insieme di regole necessarie per costruire le +frasi del linguaggio, la semantica si focalizza sull’attribuire un +significato a ciascuna frase andando oltre l’interpretazione letterale +di singole parole.

+

Nell’ambito informatico, una grossa spinta al concetto di semantica e di +semantica dei dati è stata data dall’ampia ricerca sul cosiddetto Web +Semantico o Web dei Dati. Il Web Semantico è un’evoluzione del +tradizionale Web, quest’ultimo costituito da una rete di documenti (o +pagine web), destinati prevalentemente alla consultazione da parte di +persone, tra loro collegati senza specificare alcun significato nel +collegamento.

+

Nel Web Semantico si pone l’accento sui dati più che su pagine o +documenti e, attraverso l’uso degli standard aperti e consolidati del +Web, si consente un collegamento nativo tra i dati attraverso la +definizione di un loro significato esplicito, condiviso e formale. In +questo caso, il significato non è solo consultabile da persone ma anche +elaborabile da software per realizzare applicazioni innovative, anche +capaci di scoprire nuova conoscenza grazie alla navigazione dei +collegamenti e al ragionamento sul significato attribuito ai dati.

+

Questa guida presenta la semantica dei dati nel Web come intesa dal Web +Semantico, già individuata nel 2012 dalle linee guida dell’Agenzia per +l’Italia +Digitale +come lo strumento per “abilitare lo sviluppo di una concreta +interoperabilità semantica tra Pubbliche Amministrazioni a livello +nazionale e transfrontaliero”.

+

Per realizzare quanto sopra, ci sono quattro regole di base da seguire:

+
    +

  • Dare un identificativo univoco a tutte le cose del mondo (ai dati);

    • +

  • L’identificativo univoco deve essere nel Web così che le persone e i +software possano ricercare le cose attraverso i tradizionali +protocolli del Web;

    • +

  • Quando si ricerca una cosa attraverso l’identificativo univoco è +necessario fornire informazioni attraverso standard specifici quali +RDF e SPARQL (si veda sotto);

    • +

  • È necessario includere collegamenti ad altri dati esistenti nel Web +dei dati per creare valore dall’integrazione dei dati.

    • +
+
+

Indice dei contenuti

+ +
+
+ + + + + +
+ +
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/pillole-di-semantica-dei-dati/i-pilastri-della-semantica-dei-dati.html b/docs/pillole-di-semantica-dei-dati/i-pilastri-della-semantica-dei-dati.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c2995ee --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pillole-di-semantica-dei-dati/i-pilastri-della-semantica-dei-dati.html @@ -0,0 +1,1501 @@ + + + + + + + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione | 6.1. I pilastri della semantica dei dati + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+
+
+ +
+
+

+ + Docs Italia + + beta + + +

+

Documenti pubblici, digitali.

+
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+
+ +
+ + Progetto: + + Progetto demo + +
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+
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+
+
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+
+
+
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+ + + Sorgente + +
+
+
+ +
+ + + Azioni + +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ +
+ + + + + +
+

6.1. I pilastri della semantica dei dati

+
+

6.1.1. Attribuire un’identità alle cose del mondo: URI(IRI)

+

È sempre bene strutturare i dati privilegiando l’individuazione di +entità e riducendo l’uso di descrizioni testuali (“things, not +strings”). Le entità possono poi essere identificate univocamente +attraverso l’uso di identificativi univoci e persistenti a cui riferirsi +in maniera condivisa, risolvendo così il problema dell’identità anche +nell’interscambio dei dati.

+

Si definisce Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) una sequenza di caratteri +che identifica univocamente e in maniera persistente nel tempo una +risorsa (nel web). Si usa il termine IRI - International Resource +Identifier quando si parla di un identificativo che consente l’utilizzo +di caratteri adatti a lingue diverse dall’inglese.

+

Un esempio di URI è il seguente: +https://w3id.org/italia/lombardia/data/construction/1A060-00365.

+

Esso segue le linee guida open data per la definizione di URI univoci e +persistenti nel +tempo +a cui si rimanda.

+

Nella gestione degli URI, come riportato nelle suddette linee guida, si +ricorda in questo contesto che è necessario abilitare:

+
    +

  • meccanismi di “content negotiation” nella richiesta di una +risorsa: questi consentono di rendere disponibile, allo stesso URI, +diverse rappresentazioni di una risorsa in caso di molteplici +rappresentazioni/formati della stessa;

    • +

  • meccanismi di dereferenziazione degli URI: se utilizzati con un +browser, gli URI devono restituire una rappresentazione web (ad +esempio una pagina web informativa) della risorsa che identificano.

    • +
+
+
+

6.1.2. Collegare i dati con l’uso di standard aperti e condivisi

+

L’uso di standard aperti e condivisi, che offrono nativamente la +possibilità di collegare dati, agevola l’interoperabilità e +l’integrazione dei dati.

+

Nel contesto del Web Semantico, gli standard riportati nel seguito sono +quelli di riferimento per raggiungere questi obiettivi.

+
+

6.1.2.1. Standard RDF – Resource Description Framework

+

Le risorse web semantiche sono descritte in termini di entità, che hanno +un tipo, e di relazioni tra entità che hanno un significato.

+

La forma di rappresentazione è quella della tripla +soggetto-predicato-oggetto, dove il soggetto è un nodo che ha sempre un +URI/IRI, il predicato è un arco che ha sempre un URI/IRI, l’oggetto può +essere una semplice stringa, un numero, una data, un booleano, oppure un +nodo con un URI/IRI così da diventare potenzialmente il soggetto di +un’altra tripla. Quest’ultimo meccanismo consente di concatenare triple, +creando così i presupposti per collegare i dati a formare un grafo +interconnesso di conoscenza (figura 14).

+
+Esempio di grafo interconnesso di conoscenza +
+

Fig. 6.1 Esempio di grafo interconnesso di conoscenza

+
+
+

Lo standard RDF, pertanto, offre un modello di rappresentazione di dati +semanticamente arricchiti e collegati nel Web e può essere serializzato +(o reso disponibile) attraverso diversi formati.

+
+
+

6.1.2.2. Alcuni formati noti dello standard RDF

+

RDF/XML

+

RDF/XML è una sintassi +XML usata per rappresentare dati espressi secondo il modello RDF. I file +RDF/XML hanno estensione .rdf.

+

Un esempio di serializzazione RDF/XML, per rappresentare +un’organizzazione pubblica dal nome “Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche +– CNR” e con il suo codice IPA associato, è quello di seguito:

+
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
+
+<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
+
+         xmlns:cov="https://w3id.org/italia/onto/COV/">
+
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://w3id.org/italia/data/organisation/cnr">
+
+    <rdf:type rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/italia/onto/COV/PublicOrganization"/>
+
+    <cov:legalName xml:lang="it">Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - CNR</cov:legalName>
+
+    <cov:IPACode>cnr</cov:IPACode>
+
+  </rdf:Description>
+
+</rdf:RDF>
+
+
+

RDF/Turtle

+

RDF/Turtle è una sintassi che +consente di rappresentare un grafo RDF in una forma di testo compatta, +ad oggetti (tutte le triple associate a un soggetto), più leggibile +anche dalle persone.

+

I file RDF/Turtle hanno estensione .ttl.

+

Lo stesso esempio utilizzato per la serializzazione RDF/XML è +rappresentato nel formato RDF/Turtle di seguito.

+
@prefix cov: <https://w3id.org/italia/onto/COV/> .
+
+<https://w3id.org/italia/data/organisation/cnr> a cov:PublicOrganization ;
+
+  cov:legalName "Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - CNR"@it ;
+
+  cov:IPACode "cnr" .
+
+
+

JSON-LD

+

JSON-LD è una sintassi JSON usata +per rappresentare dati espressi secondo il modello RDF. La sintassi è +definita per potersi integrare agevolmente nei sistemi che già +utilizzano JSON e fornisce un percorso di transizione da JSON a JSON-LD. +Nasce principalmente come un modo per utilizzare dati interconnessi in +grafi della conoscenza in ambienti di programmazione basati sul Web, per +costruire servizi Web interoperabili e per memorizzare i dati in motori +di archiviazione basati su JSON.

+

I file JSON-LD hanno estensione .jsonld.

+

Lo stesso esempio utilizzato per le serializzazioni RDF/XML e RDF/Turtle +è illustrato di seguito nel formato JSON-LD.

+
{
+
+  "@context": {
+
+    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
+
+    "cov": "https://w3id.org/italia/onto/COV/"
+
+  },
+
+  "@id": "https://w3id.org/italia/data/organisation/cnr",
+
+  "@type": "cov:PublicOrganization",
+
+  "cov:IPACode": "cnr",
+
+  "cov:legalName": {
+
+    "@language": "it",
+
+    "@value": "Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - CNR"
+
+  }
+
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+

6.1.3. Dare un significato alle cose del mondo

+

Per garantire che il significato dei dati sia preservato durante +l’interscambio è necessario esplicitare il loro significato. Questo +comporta definire, in modo più o meno articolato, tipi e relazioni tra +tipi.

+

Per definire il significato dei dati si usano strumenti quali i +vocabolari controllati e/o le ontologie, descritti di seguito.

+
+

6.1.3.1. Vocabolario controllato

+

Con il termine vocabolario controllato si intende un elenco +standardizzato di concetti denotati da termini di riferimento e da +codici. L’elenco è utile per organizzare, descrivere, predefinire e +indicizzare conoscenza di un dominio (e.g., il vocabolario controllato +sulla tipologia di beni culturali italiani).

+

Esistono alcune tipologie di elenchi di concetti che rientrano sotto il +termine generale di “vocabolari controllati”:

+
    +

  • Lista di termini (Code List): Una lista di concetti identificati +da un codice e denotati da un termine;

    • +

  • Tassonomia (Taxonomy): L’elenco di concetti, con i relativi +termini principali e codici, è organizzato in una struttura +gerarchia, dove le categorie più ampie possono ricomprendere +sottocategorie più ristrette (e.g., Animale – Cane, Gatto);

    • +

  • Tesauro (Tesauri): L’elenco di concetti è organizzato in maniera +più articolata delle due tipologie precedenti. In un tesauro i +concetti possono essere in relazione tra loro, non solo in forma +gerarchica ma anche in forma di correlazione o per indicare che un +termine di un concetto è sinonimo di un altro termine. In generale, +un tesauro dovrebbe includere anche le definizioni associate a +ciascun concetto.

    • +
+

Buona e diffusa pratica è quella di utilizzare un’ontologia per definire +vocabolari controllati di tutti i tipi. Questa ontologia è uno standard +del Web e si chiama SKOS - Simple Knowledge Organization +System.

+

Di seguito è riportato un estratto di uso di SKOS per definire la lista +di termini del sesso di una persona, rappresentati nel formato +RDF/Turtle.

+
<https://w3id.org/italia/controlled-vocabulary/classifications-for-people/sex/F>
+
+ a skos:Concept ;
+
+ skos:inScheme <https://w3id.org/italia/controlled-vocabulary/classifications-for-people/sex> ;
+
+ skos:notation "F" ;
+
+ skos:prefLabel "Femmina"@it , "Female"@en .
+
+
+

Nell’esempio, il concetto di femmina ha un URI associato ed è definito +come un concetto secondo SKOS (Concept) che si trova in un vocabolario +più ampio sul sesso (la proprietà SKOS inScheme), che ha un codice “F” +(la proprietà SKOS notation) e che ha un termine principale o preferito +(la proprietà SKOS prefLabel) espresso nelle due lingue dell’italiano e +dell’inglese.

+
+
+

6.1.3.2. Ontologia

+

In ambito informatico, con il termine ontologia si intende una +specifica formale, condivisa ed esplicita di una rappresentazione +(concettualizzazione) di un dominio di conoscenza, definita sulla base +di requisiti specifici. La rappresentazione consiste nella definizione +di entità (o classi), di attributi di entità e di relazioni tra entità.

+

Un’ontologia offre una semantica molto più forte di quella offerta da +semplici vocabolari controllati o da semplici dizionari: attraverso la +definizione dei suoi assiomi logici, ossia affermazioni che, andando +oltre la semplice enunciazione di principi universalmente veri, +permettono di esprimere relazioni e vincoli specifici tra entità +(classi) all’interno dell’ontologia (e.g., assiomi di equivalenza, di +disgiunzione tra membri di classi, ecc.), è possibile abilitare un +ragionamento automatico, verificare la coerenza nelle definizioni, +inferire nuova conoscenza.

+

In generale, le ontologie svolgono un ruolo cruciale nella +strutturazione e gestione della conoscenza, rendendo le informazioni più +accessibili, interpretabili e utilizzabili sia dagli esseri umani che da +macchine.

+

Esistono degli standard del Web che consentono di creare ontologie. Gli +standard sono:

+
    +

  • RDFS – RDF Schema: è un +vocabolario leggero che estende il modello RDF per descrivere +semanticamente dati RDF. Esso fornisce elementi basilari per creare +ontologie (e.g., definisce se una classe è sottoclasse di un’altra, +il dominio e codominio delle proprietà tra classi, ecc.)

    • +

  • OWL – Web Ontology +Language: è un linguaggio +per la rappresentazione della conoscenza che si basa su RDF e RDFS ma +che offre capacità più espressive per definire la semantica dei dati +(e.g., vincoli di cardinalità per specificare il numero di istanze +che una proprietà può avere, operatori logici per definire relazioni +complesse, ecc.).

    • +
+

Di seguito si riporta un estratto, a titolo d’esempio, dell’ontologia +OWL sulle persone, espressa nel formato RDF/Turtle.

+
### Proprietà haSesso
+
+:hasSex rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
+
+        rdfs:domain :Person ;
+
+        rdfs:range :Sex ;
+
+        rdfs:comment "La relazione che lega una persona al suo sesso"@it ,
+
+        rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/italia/onto/CPV> ;
+
+        rdfs:label "ha sesso"@it ,
+
+                   "has sex"@en .
+
+### Classe Persona Fisica
+
+:Person rdf:type owl:Class ;
+
+        rdfs:subClassOf
+
+               [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
+
+                owl:onProperty :hasSex ;
+
+                owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
+
+                owl:onClass :Sex
+
+              ];
+
+       rdfs:comment "Un singolo essere umano che può essere vivo o morto. Secondo la definizione giuridica è ogni essere umano che assume, dal momento della nascita, lo stato di soggetto di diritto e come tale una capacità giuridica, ovvero la titolarità di diritti e doveri e l'assunzione di una posizione nelle situazioni giuridiche soggettive."@it ;
+
+        rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/italia/onto/CPV> ;
+
+        rdfs:label "Person"@en ,
+
+                   "Persona fisica"@it .
+
+
+

Nell’esempio esiste una proprietà tra classi haSex che collega la classe +Person (rdfs:domain) alla classe Sex (rdfs:range) ed esiste la +definizione della classe Person (owl:Class). Per la classe Person, +l’esempio fornisce anche la definizione in OWL di vincoli di +cardinalità. In particolare, si sta definendo che tutte le persone +formano un sottoinsieme di tutte le cose che hanno un sesso.

+
+
+

6.1.3.3. Relazione tra ontologie e vocabolari controllati

+

Da quanto sopra riportato è evidente che, sebbene le ontologie e i +vocabolari controllati consentano di dare un significato ai dati e +possano essere entrambi definiti per rappresentare la conoscenza di un +certo dominio di interesse, il livello di profondità semantica offerta +dai due strumenti è diverso.

+

La figura 15 mostra il grado di profondità semantico offerto dai +vocabolari controllati, di diverso tipo, rispetto alle ontologie.

+
+Livelli di espressività semantica +
+

Fig. 6.2 Livelli di espressività semantica

+
+
+
+
+
+

6.1.4. Dare la possibilità di interrogare i dati

+

Nell’ambito della semantica, è necessario fornire strumenti che +consentano di interrogare i dati, sia in un’interazione di tipo +persona-macchina che in una di tipo macchina-macchina.

+
+

6.1.4.1. Lo Standard SPARQL - SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language

+

Nel contesto di dati semanticamente arricchiti ed espressi nella forma +di triple, esiste uno standard orientato ai dati che permette di +navigarli e interrogarli, anche se provenienti da sorgenti diverse e +distribuite sulla rete (interrogazioni federate). Lo standard è +SPARQL ed è sia un +linguaggio per l’interrogazione di grafi RDF simile a SQL, sia un +protocollo. Quest’ultimo aspetto rende SPARQL uno standard attraverso +cui è possibile trasmettere interrogazioni e aggiornamenti SPARQL a un +servizio di elaborazione SPARQL che restituisce i risultati via HTTP +all’applicazione cliente che li ha richiesti, abilitando così +un’interazione macchina-macchina su protocollo HTTP.

+

Un esempio di interrogazione SPARQL è quello di seguito: essa consente +di ottenere tutti gli URI dei concetti, le etichette principali in tutte +le lingue, se esistenti, e i codici del vocabolario controllato sul +sesso.

+
PREFIX skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>
+
+select ?concetto ?etichetta ?codice
+
+where {
+
+   ?concetto a skos:Concept ;
+
+   skos:inScheme <https://w3id.org/italia/controlled-vocabulary/classifications-for-people/sex> ;
+
+   skos:prefLabel ?etichetta ;
+
+   skos:notation ?codice .
+
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+ + + +
+ +
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1. Premesse

+

La sezione contiene informazioni sulla struttura e sullo +sviluppo collaborativo della presente guida, e sul contesto, +lo scopo e il contenuto del Catalogo.

+
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Indice dei contenuti

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+ + +
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+

1.3. La semantica dei dati della PA

+

L’obiettivo di migliorare i servizi resi al cittadino mediante il pieno +sfruttamento del patrimonio informativo pubblico rende sempre più chiara +l’esigenza di “abilitare lo sviluppo di una concreta interoperabilità +semantica tra Pubbliche Amministrazioni a livello nazionale e +transfrontaliero” (cfr. Linee Guida per l’Interoperabilità Semantica +attraverso i Linked Open Data, Commissione di coordinamento SPC - +2012). +L’interoperabilità semantica è un collegamento nativo tra i dati +attraverso la definizione di un loro significato esplicito, condiviso ed +espresso in un linguaggio formale. Solo assicurando l’interoperabilità +semantica si rende possibile, nell’ambito di un interscambio di dati, +una condivisione immediata delle informazioni e della conoscenza; +viceversa, senza interoperabilità semantica, non vi è certezza che tutti +i soggetti partecipanti allo scambio informativo concordino +sull’attribuire a un determinato dato un unico significato.

+

Con specifico riferimento ai dati della PA, la semantica assume +caratteri peculiari dettati dal fatto che le relative entità concettuali +cui i dati si riferiscono (ad es., persona anagraficamente residente, +persona fiscalmente residente, reddito, contribuente, imprenditore, +società, azienda ecc.) in molti casi devono essere definite con il +filtro dell’ordinamento giuridico che le ha create: ad esempio, +imprenditore, società e azienda non sono entità del mondo naturale, ma +tre distinte entità giuridiche la cui semantica è contenuta nelle +relative fonti normative. Del resto, i dati pubblici vengono prodotti +dai relativi procedimenti amministrativi regolati dal principio di +legalità.

+

Nell’ambito di una strategia ispirata ai linked open data (LOD), +inoltre, la condivisione delle informazioni non solo è immediata, ma +anche automatica nella misura in cui il significato non è solo +consultabile da persone ma anche elaborabile da software per realizzare +applicazioni innovative, anche capaci di scoprire nuova conoscenza +grazie alla navigazione dei collegamenti e al ragionamento sul +significato attribuito ai dati (automatic reasoning).

+

In un contesto in cui la Piattaforma Digitale Nazionale dati (PDND) +abilita l’interscambio automatico di dati tra le pubbliche +amministrazioni, il Catalogo persegue l’interoperabilità semantica dei +dati della PA al fine di rendere preventivamente consapevoli i fruitori +della PDND circa il significato dei dati erogati con gli e-service.

+

Nel processo di perseguimento dell’interoperabilità semantica tramite +linked open data, si distinguono, dunque, due componenti: la preliminare +analisi concettuale dei dati condotta alla luce dell’impianto normativo +di riferimento e finalizzata a rendere disponibile la conoscenza e, +dall’altra, l’organizzazione (vocabolari controllati) e la +rappresentazione (ontologie) della conoscenza così acquisita al fine di +renderla machine readable.

+

Per approfondire la semantica dei dati fare riferimento alle Pillole di semantica dei dati.

+
+ + + + + +
+ +
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/premesse/riferimenti-normativi.html b/docs/premesse/riferimenti-normativi.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6384d43 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/premesse/riferimenti-normativi.html @@ -0,0 +1,1191 @@ + + + + + + + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione | 1.6. Riferimenti normativi + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+
+
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+
+

+ + Docs Italia + + beta + + +

+

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+
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+
+
+ +
+ + + + + +
+

1.6. Riferimenti normativi

+

L’interoperabilità semantica nella pubblica amministrazione è un +obiettivo dell’UE e nazionale. A livello europeo, la Commissione ha +raccolto alcune raccomandazioni nello European Interoperability +Framework, +punto di riferimento per fonti normative UE come la Direttiva (UE) +2019/1024 sugli open +data, +il Regolamento (UE) 2023/138 sui dati di elevato +valore, +il Regolamento (UE) 2018/1724 sullo sportello digitale +unicoe +il Regolamento (UE) 2022/1463 sul sistema tecnico per l’applicazione +del principio “una +tantum”; +nel quadro nazionale, è il +CAD +a tracciare le direttrici normative sulle cui basi vengono adottati atti +programmatici come il Piano triennale per +l’informatica, +nel quale si indica che, per favorire lo scambio di informazioni tra +pubbliche amministrazioni, è necessario definire una data governance per +armonizzare e standardizzare codici e nomenclature ricorrenti, +identificare e definire modelli di dati (ontologie e vocabolari +controllati) condivisi. In questo modo, il Catalogo favorisce +l’uniformità dei dati trasversali, come persone, organizzazioni, servizi +e luoghi, modellando dati e metadati di domini applicativi specifici.

+

Ulteriori riferimenti per il Catalogo sono:

+ +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/premesse/scelta-degli-identificativi-univoci-nel-web.html b/docs/premesse/scelta-degli-identificativi-univoci-nel-web.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6c31e2f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/premesse/scelta-degli-identificativi-univoci-nel-web.html @@ -0,0 +1,1236 @@ + + + + + + + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione | 1.8. Scelta degli identificativi univoci nel Web + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+
+
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+
+

+ + Docs Italia + + beta + + +

+

Documenti pubblici, digitali.

+
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+ + Progetto: + + Progetto demo + +
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+
+ +
+ + + + + +
+

1.8. Scelta degli identificativi univoci nel Web

+

Per individuare univocamente tutti gli elementi (entità, attributi di +entità, relazioni tra entità) che compongono le risorse semantiche che +il Contributore intende creare e registrare nel catalogo, occorre +definire degli URI/IRI persistenti nel tempo +(rif, manuale operativo).

+

A tal fine, il Contributore può scegliere una tra le seguenti opzioni:

+
    +

  • Utilizzare il servizio w3id.org del W3C Permanent Identifier +Community Group, per la registrazione di identificativi permanenti a +partire dai quali reindirizzare verso URL specifici come spiegato nel +manuale operativo. +In questo caso le opzioni possono essere:

    +
    +
      +

    • w3id/dominio_specifico: il Contributore avrà piena autonomia +nella gestione degli URI. Il Consorzio di società che amministra +w3id.org ha definito la seguente pratica: «la pratica attuale [di +w3id.org] è quella di rivendicare un nome di directory di primo +livello e aggiungere identificatori di secondo livello specifici +del progetto. Non esiste un elenco o una politica ufficiale per +gli identificatori riservati. Tuttavia, gli amministratori possono +rifiutare richieste di identificatori troppo generici, che +potrebbero causare confusione, inappropriati o offensivi o che +potrebbero comunque essere necessari per future espansioni del +servizio”. Questa soluzione è stata adottata dal +progetto sui dati aperti della zootecnia italiana LEO.

      • +

    • w3id.org/italia: il Contributore dovrà ricevere l’approvazione +a contribuire al dominio “Italia” da parte dei relativi +amministratori (DTD-Dipartimento per la Trasformazione Digitale) +non dovendo, al tempo stesso, provvedere all’organizzazione dei +reindirizzamenti; in questo caso, il Contributore beneficerà delle +soluzioni di content negotiation e URI dereferentiation già +incluse. La scelta del dominio w3id.org/italia comporta, inoltre, +necessariamente l’archiviazione delle proprie risorse semantiche +nell” +apposito repository. +gestito dal DTD; dunque, ogni operazione (inserimento, +aggiornamento, modifica) da compiersi in tale repository github è +subordinata all’approvazione dei suoi amministratori. Questa +soluzione è stata adottata per alcune ontologie di respiro +nazionale come l’ontologia Learning del Ministero dell’Università +e della Ricerca o l’ontologia RPO sulla popolazione residente del +Ministero dell’Interno.

      • +

    • w3id.org/italia/dominio_specifico: il Contributore dovrà +ricevere l’approvazione degli amministratori di w3id.org/italia +(DTD – Dipartimento per la Trasformazione Digitale) per la +denominazione degli identificatori di secondo livello, ossia la +denominazione nelle URI del dominio specifico. La denominazione +del dominio specifico dovrà rispettare quanto indicato nelle +Linee guida open data +(sezione 7.1.3 pagina 114, 115) adottata da Agid con +Determinazione n. 183/2023. In questo caso, il contributore dovrà +configurare e gestire in autonomia il repository che conterrà le +risorse semantiche del proprio dominio. Ad esempio, questa +soluzione è stata adottata da +INPS, +INAIL, +Regione Lombardia. +Inoltre, il Contributore +potrà scegliere se utilizzare la soluzione di URI +dereferentiation gestita dal Catalogo, o se usare una soluzione +gestita in autonomia, così come nel caso di +ISPRA.

      • +
    +
    +
    • +

  • Utilizzare URI registrate in un proprio dominio per gestire +autonomamente gli identificatori delle risorse semantiche da +pubblicare su schema.gov.it: in questo caso, il Contributore +garantisce la persistenza degli identificatori nel tempo essendo +completamente autonomo nella gestione degli URI. Questa opzione è +stata adottata dal +Ministero della Cultura (MiC) +nella definizione delle risorse +semantiche dell’Ontologia Cultural-ON dei Luoghi della Cultura e +degli Eventi Culturali.

    • +
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+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/premesse/scopo-del-catalogo.html b/docs/premesse/scopo-del-catalogo.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bc41b4e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/premesse/scopo-del-catalogo.html @@ -0,0 +1,1183 @@ + + + + + + + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione | 1.5. Scopo del Catalogo + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+
+
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+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/premesse/struttura-nella-presente-guida.html b/docs/premesse/struttura-nella-presente-guida.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9bb35ab --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/premesse/struttura-nella-presente-guida.html @@ -0,0 +1,1176 @@ + + + + + + + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione | 1.1. Struttura nella presente guida + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
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Documenti pubblici, digitali.

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1.1. Struttura nella presente guida

+

La presente guida, dopo una breve introduzione sul ruolo della semantica +dei dati nell’ambito dell’interscambio informativo tra le pubbliche +amministrazioni, fornisce indicazioni ai Contributori su come +contribuire all’alimentazione del Catalogo, descrive le modalità di +fruizione delle risorse semantiche tramite il portale (schema.gov.it) e +dettaglia in un manuale operativo gli aspetti tecnici a supporto della +contribuzione e comprensione del contenuto del Catalogo.

+

Se sei un Contributore ti consigliamo di leggere approfonditamente +Come contribuireper comprendere il +processo di iscrizione al Catalogo, e il Manuale operativo +per reperire le indicazioni tecniche a supporto dello stesso.

+

Se sei uno sviluppatore di e-services, un ricercatore o un qualsiasi +utente interessato a fruire dei contenuti semantici ti consigliamo di +consultare Come utilizzare le risorse.

+

Se vuoi contribuire al miglioramento e integrazione della presente guida, +ti consigliamo di leggere +Sviluppo collaborativo della guida al Catalogo

+
+ + + + + +
+ +
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/premesse/sviluppo-collaborativo-della-guida-al-catalogo.html b/docs/premesse/sviluppo-collaborativo-della-guida-al-catalogo.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f39ae69 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/premesse/sviluppo-collaborativo-della-guida-al-catalogo.html @@ -0,0 +1,1176 @@ + + + + + + + + Catalogo Nazionale Dati per l'Interoperabilità Semantica documentazione | 1.2. Sviluppo collaborativo della Guida al Catalogo + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+
+
+ +
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+ + Docs Italia + + beta + + +

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Documenti pubblici, digitali.

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+ + +
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+ + Docs Italia + + beta + + +

+

Documenti pubblici, digitali.

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+ + Progetto: + + Progetto demo + +
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Indice

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Documenti pubblici, digitali.

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+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/searchindex.js b/searchindex.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5b51662 --- /dev/null +++ b/searchindex.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Search.setIndex({"docnames": ["docs/come-contribuire", "docs/come-contribuire/attivit\u00e0-propedeutiche-alla-contribuzione-al-catalogo", "docs/come-contribuire/contribuzione-continua-al-catalogo", "docs/come-contribuire/richiesta-formale-di-contribuzione", "docs/come-utilizzare-le-risorse", "docs/come-utilizzare-le-risorse/ricerca-di-risorse-semantiche", "docs/come-utilizzare-le-risorse/scheda-della-risorsa-semantica", "docs/funzionamento-generale", "docs/funzionamento-generale/attori", "docs/funzionamento-generale/avvio-della-contribuzione", "docs/funzionamento-generale/esposizione-dei-contenuti-semantici", "docs/funzionamento-generale/raccolta-e-memorizzazione-dei-dati-semantici", "docs/manuale-operativo", "docs/manuale-operativo/identificativi-univoci-delle-risorse", "docs/manuale-operativo/indicazioni-su-aggiornamento-di-asset-semantici-esistenti", "docs/manuale-operativo/indicazioni-su-modellazione-e-metadatazione-degli-asset-semantici", "docs/manuale-operativo/istruzioni-su-come-predisporre-il-repository-in-cui-pubblicare-le-risorse-semantiche", "docs/pillole-di-semantica-dei-dati", "docs/pillole-di-semantica-dei-dati/i-pilastri-della-semantica-dei-dati", "docs/premesse", "docs/premesse/contenuti-del-catalogo", "docs/premesse/cos\u00e8-il-catalogo", "docs/premesse/la-semantica-dei-dati-della-pa", "docs/premesse/riferimenti-normativi", "docs/premesse/scelta-degli-identificativi-univoci-nel-web", "docs/premesse/scopo-del-catalogo", "docs/premesse/struttura-nella-presente-guida", "docs/premesse/sviluppo-collaborativo-della-guida-al-catalogo", "index"], "filenames": ["docs/come-contribuire.rst", "docs/come-contribuire/attivit\u00e0-propedeutiche-alla-contribuzione-al-catalogo.rst", "docs/come-contribuire/contribuzione-continua-al-catalogo.rst", "docs/come-contribuire/richiesta-formale-di-contribuzione.rst", "docs/come-utilizzare-le-risorse.rst", "docs/come-utilizzare-le-risorse/ricerca-di-risorse-semantiche.rst", "docs/come-utilizzare-le-risorse/scheda-della-risorsa-semantica.rst", "docs/funzionamento-generale.rst", "docs/funzionamento-generale/attori.rst", "docs/funzionamento-generale/avvio-della-contribuzione.rst", "docs/funzionamento-generale/esposizione-dei-contenuti-semantici.rst", "docs/funzionamento-generale/raccolta-e-memorizzazione-dei-dati-semantici.rst", "docs/manuale-operativo.rst", "docs/manuale-operativo/identificativi-univoci-delle-risorse.rst", "docs/manuale-operativo/indicazioni-su-aggiornamento-di-asset-semantici-esistenti.rst", "docs/manuale-operativo/indicazioni-su-modellazione-e-metadatazione-degli-asset-semantici.rst", "docs/manuale-operativo/istruzioni-su-come-predisporre-il-repository-in-cui-pubblicare-le-risorse-semantiche.rst", "docs/pillole-di-semantica-dei-dati.rst", "docs/pillole-di-semantica-dei-dati/i-pilastri-della-semantica-dei-dati.rst", "docs/premesse.rst", "docs/premesse/contenuti-del-catalogo.rst", "docs/premesse/cos\u00e8-il-catalogo.rst", "docs/premesse/la-semantica-dei-dati-della-pa.rst", "docs/premesse/riferimenti-normativi.rst", "docs/premesse/scelta-degli-identificativi-univoci-nel-web.rst", "docs/premesse/scopo-del-catalogo.rst", "docs/premesse/struttura-nella-presente-guida.rst", "docs/premesse/sviluppo-collaborativo-della-guida-al-catalogo.rst", "index.rst"], "titles": ["3. 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