QD-8148 Resolve build issues after the runner upgrade

[tiulpin]

Pull Request Details

Description

This pull request includes several changes to update the CI/CD workflows and remove outdated Docker targets. The most important changes include updating the Ubuntu version used in the workflows, re-enabling and updating the build243 job, and removing old Docker targets from the docker-bake.hcl file.

Updates to CI/CD workflows:

• .github/workflows/base.yml: Updated the Ubuntu version to ubuntu-22.04 and adjusted the matrix configuration for version and group.
• .github/workflows/ci.yml: Re-enabled and updated the build243 job, and updated the Ubuntu version to ubuntu-22.04 for multiple jobs. [1] [2] [3]
• .github/workflows/feed.yml: Updated the Ubuntu version to ubuntu-22.04 for the verify-links job.

Removal of outdated Docker targets:

• docker-bake.hcl: Removed old Docker targets and groups for versions 232 and 233.

Types of changes

• Docs change / refactoring / dependency upgrade
• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to change)

Checklist

• I have read the CONTRIBUTING document.
• My code follows the code style of this project.
• My change requires a change to the documentation.
• I have updated the documentation accordingly.
• I have added tests to cover my changes.
• All new and existing tests passed.