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translation: update counting_sort.md #1638

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If this pull request (PR) pertains to Chinese-to-English translation, please confirm that you have read the contribution guidelines and complete the checklist below:

  • This PR represents the translation of a single, complete document, or contains only bug fixes.
  • The translation accurately conveys the original meaning and intent of the Chinese version. If deviations exist, I have provided explanatory comments to clarify the reasons.

If this pull request (PR) is associated with coding or code transpilation, please attach the relevant console outputs to the PR and complete the following checklist:

  • I have thoroughly reviewed the code, focusing on its formatting, comments, indentation, and file headers.
  • I have confirmed that the code execution outputs are consistent with those produced by the reference code (Python or Java).
  • The code is designed to be compatible on standard operating systems, including Windows, macOS, and Ubuntu.

@@ -71,14 +71,14 @@ The implementation code of counting sort is shown below:

## Algorithm characteristics

- **Time complexity is $O(n + m)$, non-adaptive sort**: Involves traversing `nums` and `counter`, both using linear time. Generally, $n \gg m$, and the time complexity tends towards $O(n)$.
- **Time complexity is $O(n + m)$, non-adaptive sort**: involves traversing `nums` and `counter`, both using linear time. Generally, $n \gg m$, and the time complexity tends towards $O(n)$.
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Should we capitalize the first letter of involves?

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Yes! And this sentence has grammar error. "involves" => "It involves".

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Great work @magentaqin , please consider my suggestions

@@ -24,18 +24,18 @@ The code is shown below:

## Complete implementation

Astute readers might have noticed, **if the input data is an object, the above step `3.` becomes ineffective**. Suppose the input data is a product object, we want to sort the products by their price (a class member variable), but the above algorithm can only provide the sorting result for the price.
Careful readers might have noticed, **if the input data is an object, the above step `3.` is invalid**. Suppose the input data is a product object, we want to sort the products by the price (a class member variable), but the above algorithm can only give the sorted price as the result.
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"the" in "sort the products by the price" is not necessary.

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I mean the second "the" before "price".

- **Time complexity is $O(n + m)$, non-adaptive sort**: Involves traversing `nums` and `counter`, both using linear time. Generally, $n \gg m$, and the time complexity tends towards $O(n)$.
- **Space complexity is $O(n + m)$, non-in-place sort**: Utilizes arrays `res` and `counter` of lengths $n$ and $m$ respectively.
- **Time complexity is $O(n + m)$, non-adaptive sort**: It involves traversing `nums` and `counter`, both using linear time. Generally, $n \gg m$, and the time complexity tends towards $O(n)$.
- **Space complexity is $O(n + m)$, non-in-place sort**: It uses array`res` of lengths $n$ and array `counter` of length $m$ respectively.
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please add a space between "It uses array" and "res"

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