ci: Add lint workflow and ci workflow

[matthewfeickert]

Purpose

• Make the testing GitHub Actions workflow a seperate workflow from the linting
  workflow.
• Update GitHub Action versions to the latest major version tags.

At the moment this just runs the tests and coverage, but it doesn't report them at all, but as we don't have full tests yet this is left as a stub intentionally.

Does this introduce a breaking change?

[ ] Yes
[x] No

[matthewfeickert]

The CI complaining here is expected

/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.12.2/x64/lib/python3.12/site-packages/coverage/control.py:887: CoverageWarning: No data was collected. (no-data-collected)
  self._warn("No data was collected.", slug="no-data-collected")

as we aren't giving it tests to collect yet.