rp2040: rtc deep sleep

Makefile

@@ -467,6 +467,8 @@ smoketest:
 	@$(MD5SUM) test.hex
 	$(TINYGO) build -size short -o test.hex -target=nano-rp2040         examples/rtcinterrupt
 	@$(MD5SUM) test.hex
+	$(TINYGO) build -size short -o test.hex -target=nano-rp2040         examples/rtcsleep
+	@$(MD5SUM) test.hex
 	$(TINYGO) build -size short -o test.hex -target=pca10040            examples/serial
 	@$(MD5SUM) test.hex
 	$(TINYGO) build -size short -o test.hex -target=pca10040            examples/systick

src/examples/rtcsleep/rtcsleep.go

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+//go:build rp2040
+
+package main
+
+// This example shows how to send a board to a low power mode (deep sleep) and wake it up on timer.
+//
+// There are 3 states the board can be in this example:
+// - Base power: on-board LED is off, does not consume power (5 seconds);
+// - High power: on-board LED shines, consumes power (5 seconds);
+// -  Low power: almost everything is off but crystal oscilator, rtc, sys and ref clocks (5 seconds).
+//
+// Measured power consumption for Arduino Nano RP2040 Connect board powered from 2S battery (~8.2v)
+// - Base power: 13.55 mA (0.11W)  bare minimum on fully powered up RP2040 chip
+// - High power: 15.55 mA (0.13W)  on-board LED consumes 2 mA (same for power LED, see below)
+// - Deep sleep:  4.00 mA (0.03W)  power LED consumes 2 mA
+//                2.00 mA (0.015W) power LED removed => ~month life time, see below
+//
+// Life expectancy on 2S 2200 Li-Ion battery.
+// 4.2v->3.2v, avg 3.7v per cell (7.4v total).
+// Remaining charge ~1000mAh not to ruin the battery => 1.2Ah consumable.
+//
+// Expected number of hours = 3.7*2*1.2 / w, there "w" is power consumption, in Watts.
+//
+// High power:  68h (~3 days)
+// Base power:  81h (~3.5 days)
+// Deep sleep: 296h (~12 days)
+//             592h (~24 days)
+
+import (
+	"machine"
+	"time"
+)
+
+const led = machine.LED
+
+func main() {
+
+	led.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
+
+	// Pause and let user connect to serial console
+	time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
+
+	// Fire RTC interrupt every 15 seconds: ~10 seconds we spend in high+base power and sleep the rest
+	machine.RTC.SetInterrupt(int64((10+5)*time.Second), true, nil)
+
+	for {
+
+		// Base power
+		// Nano RP2040 Connect: 0.11W
+		log("Base power, 5 sec, 0.11W")
+		led.Low()
+		time.Sleep(5 * time.Second) // light sleep
+
+		// High power
+		// Nano RP2040 Connect: 0.13W
+		log("High power, 5 sec, 0.13W")
+		led.High()
+		time.Sleep(5 * time.Second) // light sleep
+
+		// Low power
+		// Nano RP2040 Connect: 0.03W
+		log(" Low power, 5 sec, 0.03W")
+		led.Low()
+		// machine.RTC.SetInterrupt(int64(10*time.Second), false, nil) // alternatively non-recurring RTC interrupt can be scheduled every time
+		machine.Sleep() // deep sleep
+
+	}
+
+}
+
+func log(message string) {
+	time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond) // ensure output subsystem fully initialised
+	println(time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339) + " " + message)
+	time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond) // ensure output subsystem doe not go sleep before message printed out
+}

src/machine/machine_rp2040_clocks.go

@@ -180,6 +180,7 @@ func (clk *clock) configure(src, auxsrc, srcFreq, freq uint32) {
 // init initializes the clock hardware.
 //
 // Must be called before any other clock function.
+// Must be called on start and wake up from deep sleep
 func (clks *clocksType) init() {
 	// Start the watchdog tick
 	watchdog.startTick(xoscFreq)
@@ -235,11 +236,11 @@ func (clks *clocksType) init() {
 		48*MHz,
 		48*MHz)
 
-	// clkRTC = pllUSB (48MHz) / 1024 = 46875Hz
+	// clkRTC = xosc (12MHz) / 256 = 46875Hz
 	clkrtc := clks.clock(clkRTC)
 	clkrtc.configure(0, // No GLMUX
-		rp.CLOCKS_CLK_RTC_CTRL_AUXSRC_CLKSRC_PLL_USB,
-		48*MHz,
+		rp.CLOCKS_CLK_RTC_CTRL_AUXSRC_XOSC_CLKSRC,
+		12*MHz,
 		46875)
 
 	// clkPeri = clkSys. Used as reference clock for Peripherals.
@@ -251,3 +252,45 @@ func (clks *clocksType) init() {
 		125*MHz,
 		125*MHz)
 }
+
+// stop the clock
+func (clk *clock) stop() {
+	// Disable clock. On clkRef and clkSys this does nothing,
+	// all other clocks have the ENABLE bit in the same position.
+	clk.ctrl.ClearBits(rp.CLOCKS_CLK_GPOUT0_CTRL_ENABLE)
+	configuredFreq[clk.cix] = 0
+}
+
+// Stop most clocks & PLLs in preparation for sleep.
+// Ref, Sys and Rtc clocks run from XOSC.
+// After awakening, need to call configure() to re-initialize.
+func (clks *clocksType) sleep() {
+
+	// Configure clocks
+	// clkRef = xosc (12MHz) / 1 = 12MHz
+
+	// clkSys = xosc (12MHz) / 1 = 12MHz
+	clksys := clks.clock(clkSys)
+	clksys.configure(rp.CLOCKS_CLK_SYS_CTRL_SRC_CLKSRC_CLK_SYS_AUX,
+		rp.CLOCKS_CLK_SYS_CTRL_AUXSRC_XOSC_CLKSRC,
+		12*MHz,
+		12*MHz)
+
+	// clkUSB = 0MHz
+	clkusb := clks.clock(clkUSB)
+	clkusb.stop()
+
+	// clkADC = 0MHz
+	clkadc := clks.clock(clkADC)
+	clkadc.stop()
+
+	// clkRTC = xosc (12MHz) / 256 = 46875Hz
+
+	// clkPeri = 0MHz
+	clkperi := clks.clock(clkPeri)
+	clkperi.stop()
+
+	// Stop the PLLs
+	pllSys.stop()
+	pllUSB.stop()
+}

src/machine/machine_rp2040_pll.go

@@ -98,3 +98,9 @@ func (pll *pll) init(refdiv, vcoFreq, postDiv1, postDiv2 uint32) {
 	pll.pwr.ClearBits(rp.PLL_SYS_PWR_POSTDIVPD)
 
 }
+
+func (pll *pll) stop() {
+	// Turn off PLL
+	pwr := uint32(rp.PLL_SYS_PWR_PD | rp.PLL_SYS_PWR_VCOPD | rp.PLL_SYS_PWR_POSTDIVPD)
+	pll.pwr.SetBits(pwr)
+}

src/machine/machine_rp2040_sleep.go

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+//go:build rp2040
+
+package machine
+
+import (
+	"device/arm"
+	"device/rp"
+)
+
+// Sleep until RTC interrupt
+func Sleep() {
+
+	scb_orig := arm.SCB.SCR.Get()
+	clock0_orig := clocks.sleepEN0.Get()
+	clock1_orig := clocks.sleepEN1.Get()
+
+	// Stop all clocks but RTC
+	clocks.sleep()
+
+	// Turn off all clocks when in sleep mode except for RTC
+	clocks.sleepEN0.Set(rp.CLOCKS_SLEEP_EN0_CLK_RTC_RTC)
+	clocks.sleepEN1.Set(0x0)
+
+	// Enable deep sleep at the proc
+	arm.SCB.SCR.SetBits(arm.SCB_SCR_SLEEPDEEP)
+
+	// Go to sleep
+	arm.Asm("wfi")
+
+	// Restore state
+	arm.SCB.SCR.Set(scb_orig)
+	clocks.sleepEN0.Set(clock0_orig)
+	clocks.sleepEN1.Set(clock1_orig)
+
+	// Enable clocks
+	clocks.init()
+}