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 <link>https://williamokech.com/blog.html</link>
 <atom:link href="https://williamokech.com/blog.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/>
 <description>This is William Okech&#39;s personal Blog.</description>
-<generator>quarto-1.3.450</generator>
+<generator>quarto-1.4.549</generator>
 <lastBuildDate>Tue, 05 Dec 2023 21:00:00 GMT</lastBuildDate>
 <item>
   <title>R-tistry (Part 2)</title>
@@ -8609,35 +8609,35 @@ font-style: inherit;">"top"</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
 
 
 
+
 <section id="introduction" class="level1">
 <h1>Introduction</h1>
 <p>An aerial view of most settlements in Kenya will demonstrate that many residential home roofs are constructed using iron sheets.</p>
 <p>Indeed, this is confirmed by the Kenya Population and Housing Census (2019) report <sup>1</sup> <sup>2</sup> where we see that 4 out of every 5 households (total number = 12,043,016) in Kenya is roofed using iron sheets (Figure 1). Overall, the top 5 building materials are iron sheets (80.3%), concrete (8.2%), grass/twigs (5.1%), makuti (sun-dried coconut palm leaves; 1.6%), and asbestos (1.4%). Despite the widespread use of iron sheets, it is surprising to note that 1.4% (2.2% urban and 0.9% rural) of residential household roofs (which is approximately 170,000) are covered with asbestos-based roofing materials (NB: this figure does not include public buildings such as educational institutions and government facilities).</p>
 <div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
 <figure class="figure">
-<p><img src="https://williamokech.com/posts/data_stories/asbestos_roof_kenya/images/national_treemap.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" style="width:90.0%"></p>
+<p><img src="https://williamokech.com/posts/data_stories/asbestos_roof_kenya/images/national_treemap.png" class="img-fluid quarto-figure quarto-figure-center figure-img" style="width:90.0%"></p>
 </figure>
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 <p>Figure 1: Roof types in Kenya (visualizations generated in RStudio)</p>
 </section>
 <section id="asbestos-and-its-potential-risks" class="level1">
 <h1>Asbestos and its potential risks</h1>
 <p>Asbestos refers to a class of six minerals that naturally form a bundle of fibers. These fibers have many properties that make them attractive, including a lack of electrical conductivity, and chemical, heat, and fire resistance. Historically, asbestos has been used for various commercial and industrial applications, including roofing shingles, automobile brakes, and textured paints for walls and ceilings <sup>3</sup>. However, using asbestos for products that come into regular contact with humans is quite problematic. Why? Asbestos is a known human carcinogen, and the primary risk factor for most mesotheliomas is asbestos exposure <sup>4</sup> <sup>5</sup>. Furthermore, asbestos exposure (depending on the frequency, amount, and type) can cause asbestosis, pleural disease, and cancer. If asbestos-based materials remain intact, there is minimal risk to the user, but if materials are damaged via natural degradation or during home demolition and remodeling, tiny asbestos fibers will be released into the air <sup>6</sup> <sup>7</sup>. In Kenya, Legal Notice No.&nbsp;121 of the Environmental Management and Coordination (Waste Management) Regulations (2006)<sup>8</sup> states that waste containing asbestos is classified as hazardous. Why should Kenyans be concerned about this? In the 2013/2014 financial year, Kenya spent approximately one-tenth of its total health budget on asbestos-related cancers <sup>9</sup> <sup>10</sup> <sup>11</sup>.</p>
-<p>Where do we find high numbers of asbestos-based roofs in Kenya? As previously stated, 1.4% of households in Kenya have asbestos-based roofs. Figure 2 demonstrates the percentage of households with asbestos-based roofs in every county in Kenya. Interestingly, 4 (Nairobi, Kajiado, Machakos, and Kiambu) out of the top 6 counties (from a total of 47) fall within the Nairobi Metropolitan region.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="where-do-we-find-high-numbers-of-asbestos-based-roofs-in-kenya" class="level1">
 <h1>Where do we find high numbers of asbestos-based roofs in Kenya?</h1>
 <p>As previously stated, 1.4% of households in Kenya have asbestos-based roofs. Figure 2 demonstrates the percentage of households with asbestos-based roofs in every county in Kenya. Interestingly, 4 (Nairobi, Kajiado, Machakos, and Kiambu) out of the top 6 counties (from a total of 47) fall within the Nairobi Metropolitan region.</p>
 <div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
 <figure class="figure">
-<p><img src="https://williamokech.com/posts/data_stories/asbestos_roof_kenya/images/all_counties_asbestos_barplot_map.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" style="width:90.0%"></p>
+<p><img src="https://williamokech.com/posts/data_stories/asbestos_roof_kenya/images/all_counties_asbestos_barplot_map.png" class="img-fluid quarto-figure quarto-figure-center figure-img" style="width:90.0%"></p>
 </figure>
 </div>
 <p>Figure 2: Percentage(%) of households with asbestos-based roofs distributed by county (visualizations generated using RStudio)</p>
 <p>Next, I investigated the subcounties with the highest number of households with asbestos-based roofs. The top 5 subcounties are located within Nairobi county, with Embakasi subcounty taking the lead with just over 8,000 households.</p>
 <div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
 <figure class="figure">
-<p><img src="https://williamokech.com/posts/data_stories/asbestos_roof_kenya/images/top_households_asbestos_raw.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" style="width:90.0%"></p>
+<p><img src="https://williamokech.com/posts/data_stories/asbestos_roof_kenya/images/top_households_asbestos_raw.png" class="img-fluid quarto-figure quarto-figure-center figure-img" style="width:90.0%"></p>
 </figure>
 </div>
 <p>Figure 3: The top ten subcounties with the highest number of households that have asbestos-based roofs (visualizations generated using RStudio)</p>
@@ -11207,6 +11207,7 @@ font-style: inherit;">rm</span>(variable_7)</span></code></pre></div>
 
 
 
+
 <section id="introduction" class="level2">
 <h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="introduction">Introduction</h2>
 <p>This is the first in a series of blog posts looking at the basics of R and RStudio. These programs allow us to perform various basic and complex calculations.</p>
@@ -11227,7 +11228,7 @@ font-style: inherit;">1</span></span></code></pre></div>
 <p>The output will be observed next to the square bracket containing the number 1 ([1]).</p>
 <div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
 <figure class="figure">
-<p><img src="https://williamokech.com/posts/r_rstudio_basics/arithmetic/r_console_1plus1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" style="width:90.0%"></p>
+<p><img src="https://williamokech.com/posts/r_rstudio_basics/arithmetic/r_console_1plus1.png" class="img-fluid quarto-figure quarto-figure-center figure-img" style="width:90.0%"></p>
 </figure>
 </div>
 <p>Additionally, to include comments into the code block we use the hash (#) symbol. Anything written after the code block will be commented out and not run.</p>