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 Developing alternative proteins to reduce childhood hunger and improve food production in low-income countries

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-  <title>Biotechnology for the Global South</title>
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   <dc:creator>William Okech</dc:creator>
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             <p class="subtitle lead">Developing alternative proteins to reduce childhood hunger and improve food production in low-income countries</p>
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     "text": "Bioreactor image created using “Bing Image Creator” with the prompt keywords “bioreactor, computer screen, bubbling liquids, cabinet, with a dark purple, sky-blue, neon lights, carpetpunk, backlit photography, and trillwave theme.”"
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     "text": "Notable Companies\n\nFry Family Food (South Africa)\nMoolec Science (Luxembourg)\nBeyond Meat (Los Angeles, California, USA)\nImpossible Foods (Redwood City, California, USA)\nNew Wave Foods (Stamford, Connecticut, USA)\nEat Just (Alameda, California, USA)"
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     "section": "Challenges to be addressed",
     "text": "Challenges to be addressed\n\nDevelop crops optimized for plant-based meat that produce higher quantities of high-quality protein,\nImprove protein extraction and processing methods,\nConfirm that the taste, texture, and nutritional value are similar to conventional meats, and,\nEnsure that the cost of production is competitive, and the process is energy-efficient 20."
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     "text": "Notable Companies\n\nNext Protein (France/Tunisia)\nBiobuu (Tanzania)\nInseco (Cape Town, South Africa)\nInsectiPro (Limuru, Kenya)\nEntocycle (United Kingdom)\n\nEcodudu (Nairobi, Kenya)\nYnsect (Paris, France)\nProtix (Dongen, Netherlands)\nAll Things Bugs (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA)"
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     "text": "Challenges to be addressed\n\nDevelop tools for product scale-up,\nLower the production costs, and,\nChange negative consumer attitudes towards insect-based foods 24."
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     "text": "Notable Companies\n\nEssential Impact (East Africa)\nDe Novo Foodlabs (Cape Town, South Africa)\nMycoTechnology (Aurora, Colorado, USA)\nQuorn (Stokesley, UK)\nPerfect Day (Berkeley, California, USA)"
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     "text": "Challenges to be addressed\n\nIdentify the correct molecules to manufacture in a cost-effective manner,\nDevelop the appropriate microbial strains for the relevant products,\nDetermine the appropriate feedstocks,\nDesign low-cost bioreactors and systems for scaling-up processes, and,\nImprove end-product formulation to allow for better taste/texture 28."
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     "text": "Notable Companies\n\nWildBio (formerly Mogale Meat; Pretoria, South Africa)\nNewform Foods (formerly Mzansi Meat; Cape Town, South Africa)\nMosa Meat (Maastricht, Netherlands)\nBluu Seafood (Berlin, Germany)\nEat Just (Singapore)\nClear Meat (Delhi NCR, India)\nSea-Stematic (Cape Town, South Africa)"
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     "text": "Challenges to be addressed\nEven though many companies have entered the cultivated meat space, not many have received the requisite regulatory approval to sell their products with some countries temporarily halting development 31. Other challenges include:\n\nInsufficient bioreactor capacity,\nHigh cost of growth media and factors required for cultivation,\nLack of products in the market despite large investments 32, and,\nHigh final product cost 33 and a major need for consumer education 34."
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     "section": "Footnotes",
     "text": "Footnotes\n\n\nHunger | FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/hunger/en/.↩︎\nI am hungry. What does it mean? https://unric.org/en/i-am-hungry-what-does-it-mean/.↩︎\nMalnutrition. https://www.who.int/health-topics/malnutrition#tab=tab_1.↩︎\nDeaths from protein-energy malnutrition, by age, World, 1990 to 2019. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/malnutrition-deaths-by-age.↩︎\nProtein-Energy Undernutrition (PEU) - Nutritional Disorders - MSD Manual Professional Edition. https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/nutritional-disorders/undernutrition/protein-energy-undernutrition-peu.↩︎\nAfrica Fertilizer Map 2020 – AF-AP Partnership. https://afap-partnership.org/news/africa-fertilizer-map-2020/.↩︎\nImpact of Sustainable Agriculture and Farming Practices. https://www.worldwildlife.org/industries/sustainable-agriculture/.↩︎\nHow Industrialized Meat Production Causes Land Degradation. https://populationeducation.org/industrialized-meat-production-and-land-degradation-3-reasons-to-shift-to-a-plant-based-diet/.↩︎\nFeltran-Barbieri, R. & Féres, J. G. Degraded pastures in Brazil: improving livestock production and forest restoration. R Soc Open Sci 8, (2021).↩︎\nMoving Towards Sustainability: The Livestock Sector and the World Bank. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/agriculture/brief/moving-towards-sustainability-the-livestock-sector-and-the-world-bank.↩︎\nPastoral conflict in Kenya – ACCORD. https://www.accord.org.za/ajcr-issues/pastoral-conflict-in-kenya/.↩︎\nAntimicrobial resistance and agriculture - OECD. https://www.oecd.org/agriculture/topics/antimicrobial-resistance-and-agriculture/.↩︎\nExtreme Weather | Facts – Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet. https://climate.nasa.gov/extreme-weather/.↩︎\nAlternative proteins. https://sustainablecampus.unimelb.edu.au/sustainable-research/case-studies/alternative-proteins.↩︎\nProtein. https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Protein.↩︎\nThe market for alternative protein: Pea protein, cultured meat, and more | McKinsey. https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/agriculture/our-insights/alternative-proteins-the-race-for-market-share-is-on.↩︎\nDefining alternative protein | GFI. https://gfi.org/defining-alternative-protein/.↩︎\nChandran, A. S., Suri, S. & Choudhary, P. Sustainable plant protein: an up-to-date overview of sources, extraction techniques and utilization. Sustainable Food Technology 1, 466–483 (2023).↩︎\nPlant-based protein processing | Alfa Laval. https://www.alfalaval.com/industries/food-dairy-beverage/food-processing/protein-processing/plant-based-protein-processing/.↩︎\nThe science of plant-based meat | GFI APAC. https://gfi-apac.org/science/the-science-of-plant-based-meat/.↩︎\nHow Insect Protein can Revolutionize the Food Industry. https://mindthegraph.com/blog/insect-protein/.↩︎\nYen, A. L. Edible insects: Traditional knowledge or western phobia? Entomol Res 39, 289–298 (2009).↩︎\nKim, T. K., Yong, H. I., Kim, Y. B., Kim, H. W. & Choi, Y. S. Edible Insects as a Protein Source: A Review of Public Perception, Processing Technology, and Research Trends. Food Sci Anim Resour 39, 521 (2019).↩︎\nThe Growing Animal Feed Insect Protein Market. https://nutrinews.com/en/the-growing-animal-feed-insect-protein-market-opportunities-and-challenges/.↩︎\nTaveira, I. C., Nogueira, K. M. V., Oliveira, D. L. G. de & Silva, R. do N. Fermentation: Humanity’s Oldest Biotechnological Tool. Front Young Minds 9, (2021).↩︎\nFermentation for alternative proteins 101 | Resource guide | GFI. https://gfi.org/fermentation/.↩︎\nFermentation for alternative proteins 101 | Resource guide | GFI. https://gfi.org/fermentation/.↩︎\nThe science of fermentation (2023) | GFI. https://gfi.org/science/the-science-of-fermentation/.↩︎\nWhat is cultivated meat? | McKinsey. https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/mckinsey-explainers/what-is-cultivated-meat.↩︎\nThe science of cultivated meat | GFI. https://gfi.org/science/the-science-of-cultivated-meat/.↩︎\nChe Sorpresa! Italy U-Turns on Cultivated Meat Ban – For Now. https://www.greenqueen.com.hk/italy-cultivated-meat-ban-lab-grown-food-cultured-protein-eu-tris-notification-francesco-lollobrigida/.↩︎\nIs overhype dooming the cultivated meat industry? https://www.fastcompany.com/90966338/hype-built-the-cultivated-meat-industry-now-it-could-end-it.↩︎\nMeat substitutes need to get a lot cheaper. https://www.sustainabilitybynumbers.com/p/meat-substitutes-price.↩︎\nWhat is cultivated meat? | McKinsey. https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/mckinsey-explainers/what-is-cultivated-meat.↩︎\nThe market for alternative protein: Pea protein, cultured meat, and more | McKinsey. https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/agriculture/our-insights/alternative-proteins-the-race-for-market-share-is-on.↩︎\nMeat substitutes need to get a lot cheaper. https://www.sustainabilitybynumbers.com/p/meat-substitutes-price.↩︎"
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-title: "Biotechnology for the Global South"
+title: "Biotechnology for the Global South (Part 1)"
 subtitle: "Developing alternative proteins to reduce childhood hunger and improve food production in low-income countries"
 author: "William Okech"
 date: "2023-10-27"